ALU project(segma team)
•Download as PPT, PDF•
2 likes•2,926 views
This is our first project presentation at 1st year (faculty of engineering,electrical engineering ,alexandria , egypt)
Report
Share
Report
Share
![ALU Project ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)
Recommended
Arithmetic & Logic Unit
An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs basic arithmetic and logical operations and is a core component of CPUs, GPUs, and other digital circuits. An ALU supports addition, subtraction, logical operations like AND and OR, and bitwise shifts. Instructions specify operations using opcodes and can reference operands in registers or memory using addressing modes like register indirect or immediate addressing. The control unit executes instructions in three phases: fetch, decode, execute.
Sequential and combinational alu
This document provides an introduction to arithmetic logic units (ALUs), combinational circuits, and sequential circuits. It defines what an ALU is, its basic components and that it is the fundamental unit of any computing system. It then describes the differences between combinational and sequential circuits, listing examples of each type including common gates, adders and flip-flops. The document outlines the procedures for designing, analyzing and implementing both types of digital circuits.
2 bit alu
This presentation summarizes the design of a 2-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU). It includes the group members, an overview of what an ALU is and its methodology. It shows the block diagram and needed integrated circuits. The circuit diagram, truth table, and how it works are described. Advantages like minimum delay and disadvantages like limited output are discussed. Verilog code for the ALU is also included.
Co ppt
The document discusses register transfer language (RTL) and describes various microoperations used in computer systems, including:
- Register transfer operations that move data between registers.
- Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, and increment/decrement performed on registers.
- Logic operations and shift operations that manipulate data in registers.
- Memory transfer operations that read from and write to memory using a memory address register and bus.
- An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that contains registers and can perform various arithmetic and logic operations.
Alu design-project
The document describes the design of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for an embedded system as a final project. Key details include:
1. The ALU is designed with a 5-stage pipeline and performs operations like addition, subtraction, logical operations, and multiplication on 16-bit operands from registers.
2. It includes modules for basic logic functions like AND, OR, XOR, and NOT as well as a carry look-ahead adder and multiplier.
3. The project is implemented in Verilog HDL with modules, registers, and always blocks to control the flow through each pipeline stage on each clock cycle.
Register transfer language & its micro operations
The document discusses register transfer language and micro-operations in digital systems. It describes (1) how register transfer language can be used to describe the sequence of micro-operations involved in any computer function, (2) the four main types of micro-operations - register transfer, arithmetic, logic, and shift micro-operations, giving examples of each, and (3) how register transfers and bus transfers are represented in register transfer language.
overview of register transfer, micro operations and basic computer organizati...
This document provides an overview of register transfer, micro-operations, and basic computer organization and design. It discusses how digital systems can be characterized by their registers and operations. Micro-operations are the elementary operations performed on register data during each clock cycle. A computer's organization is defined by its registers, micro-operation set, and control signals. Registers are designated symbolically and can represent whole registers, portions, or individual bits. Basic register transfer operations include unconditional and conditional loading of data between registers. Micro-operations include data transfer, arithmetic, logic, and shift operations.
Shift Microoperations by Pir Sarfraz RSDT larkana
My presentation on Computer Architecture topic Shift micro operations assigned by Prof: Sir Mohmaad Raza Baloch Shb
Recommended
Arithmetic & Logic Unit
An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) performs basic arithmetic and logical operations and is a core component of CPUs, GPUs, and other digital circuits. An ALU supports addition, subtraction, logical operations like AND and OR, and bitwise shifts. Instructions specify operations using opcodes and can reference operands in registers or memory using addressing modes like register indirect or immediate addressing. The control unit executes instructions in three phases: fetch, decode, execute.
Sequential and combinational alu
This document provides an introduction to arithmetic logic units (ALUs), combinational circuits, and sequential circuits. It defines what an ALU is, its basic components and that it is the fundamental unit of any computing system. It then describes the differences between combinational and sequential circuits, listing examples of each type including common gates, adders and flip-flops. The document outlines the procedures for designing, analyzing and implementing both types of digital circuits.
2 bit alu
This presentation summarizes the design of a 2-bit arithmetic logic unit (ALU). It includes the group members, an overview of what an ALU is and its methodology. It shows the block diagram and needed integrated circuits. The circuit diagram, truth table, and how it works are described. Advantages like minimum delay and disadvantages like limited output are discussed. Verilog code for the ALU is also included.
Co ppt
The document discusses register transfer language (RTL) and describes various microoperations used in computer systems, including:
- Register transfer operations that move data between registers.
- Arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, and increment/decrement performed on registers.
- Logic operations and shift operations that manipulate data in registers.
- Memory transfer operations that read from and write to memory using a memory address register and bus.
- An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) that contains registers and can perform various arithmetic and logic operations.
Alu design-project
The document describes the design of an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) for an embedded system as a final project. Key details include:
1. The ALU is designed with a 5-stage pipeline and performs operations like addition, subtraction, logical operations, and multiplication on 16-bit operands from registers.
2. It includes modules for basic logic functions like AND, OR, XOR, and NOT as well as a carry look-ahead adder and multiplier.
3. The project is implemented in Verilog HDL with modules, registers, and always blocks to control the flow through each pipeline stage on each clock cycle.
Register transfer language & its micro operations
The document discusses register transfer language and micro-operations in digital systems. It describes (1) how register transfer language can be used to describe the sequence of micro-operations involved in any computer function, (2) the four main types of micro-operations - register transfer, arithmetic, logic, and shift micro-operations, giving examples of each, and (3) how register transfers and bus transfers are represented in register transfer language.
overview of register transfer, micro operations and basic computer organizati...
This document provides an overview of register transfer, micro-operations, and basic computer organization and design. It discusses how digital systems can be characterized by their registers and operations. Micro-operations are the elementary operations performed on register data during each clock cycle. A computer's organization is defined by its registers, micro-operation set, and control signals. Registers are designated symbolically and can represent whole registers, portions, or individual bits. Basic register transfer operations include unconditional and conditional loading of data between registers. Micro-operations include data transfer, arithmetic, logic, and shift operations.
Shift Microoperations by Pir Sarfraz RSDT larkana
My presentation on Computer Architecture topic Shift micro operations assigned by Prof: Sir Mohmaad Raza Baloch Shb
Digital Electronics (EC8392) UNIT-II -PPT-S.SESHA VIDHYA/ ASP/ECE
The document discusses the design of various combinational logic circuits including multiplexers. It begins by defining combinational circuits as those whose outputs depend only on the current inputs and not prior inputs. Half adders, full adders, half subtractors, and full subtractors are designed using truth tables and Karnaugh maps. Larger multiplexers can be implemented using smaller multiplexers, such as an 8x1 multiplexer using two 4x1 multiplexers. Boolean functions can also be implemented using multiplexers by treating the minterms as inputs.
Computer arithmetics (computer organisation & arithmetics) ppt
This is a presentation of explanation of various computer arithmetic including Binary addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Also Floating point addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations.
Lecture 10
This document discusses different types of shift microoperations in a computer's CPU. It describes logical shifts, circular shifts, and arithmetic shifts. Logical shifts input a 0 into the serial register. Circular shifts input the bit shifted out of the other end. Arithmetic shifts preserve a number's sign during multiplication or division. The hardware implements shifts using multiplexers to select serial input and shift direction. An arithmetic logic shift unit performs different operations including shifts using control signals to select the operation.
SEQUENTIAL AND COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS,DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN
This document introduces digital logic circuits, including combinational and sequential circuits. It discusses that combinational circuits contain only logic gates and their output depends solely on present inputs. Sequential circuits contain both logic gates and memory elements, so their output depends on present inputs and previous states. The document outlines the design and analysis procedures for combinational circuits and provides examples of their block diagrams. It also describes synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits.
Digital Logic & Design (DLD) presentation
Digital Logic & Design (DLD) Prepared By:Md Foyez Ahammad.
Email:foyezahammad@gmail.com or foyezbijoy@ gmail.com
Combinational Circuits & Sequential Circuits
This document discusses and compares combinational and sequential circuits. It provides examples of common combinational circuits like half adders, full adders, decoders, and multiplexers. It also discusses sequential circuits elements like flip flops and shift registers. The document then focuses on adders in more detail, explaining half adders, full adders, and ripple carry adders through diagrams and examples.
Unit 2 Arithmetic
Digital computers represent all data, including numbers, using the binary number system. There are two main methods for representing real numbers: fixed-point notation reserves a fixed number of bits for the integer and fractional parts, while floating-point notation reserves bits for the significand and exponent to allow more flexibility in the number of fractional digits. Fixed-point has better performance but a more limited range, while floating-point can represent a wider range of values but requires more complex operations. Common number representations like two's complement are used to support arithmetic operations.
8 bit alu design
8 Bit ALU design is a combinational circuit which adds two binary numbers of 8 bit lenth.Which is more useful for both bachelor as well as masters students.
Types of instructions
Types of instructions can be categorized into data transfer, arithmetic, and logical/program control instructions. Data transfer instructions like MOV copy data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions include INC/DEC to increment/decrement values, ADD/SUB for addition/subtraction, and MUL/DIV for multiplication/division. Logical instructions perform bitwise operations while program control instructions manage program flow.
Digital Components
This document provides an overview of digital components including integrated circuits, decoders, encoders, multiplexers, registers, shift registers, binary counters, and memory units. It describes the basic functions and operations of these components. Integrated circuits contain electronic components on a small silicon chip. Digital logic families include TTL, ECL, MOS, and CMOS. Decoders and encoders convert between binary and decoded representations. Registers store binary data and shift registers can shift data serially or in parallel. Counters sequence through binary numbers. Memory units like RAM and ROM store and retrieve binary words from addresses.
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION NOTES Unit 6
This document discusses arithmetic operations in digital computers, specifically addition and subtraction. It explains how half adders and full adders are implemented using logic gates like XOR and AND-OR to add bits. A ripple carry adder cascades full adder blocks to add multiple bits, while carry lookahead adders reduce delay by computing carry signals in parallel. Binary multiplication is also covered, explaining how a logic array or sequential circuit can multiply numbers by shifting and adding partial products. Booth's algorithm improves on this by recoding the multiplier to reduce operations.
EC8392 Digital Electronics- Unit-3 -S.Sesha Vidhya-ASP-ECE-RMKCET
This document discusses synchronous sequential circuits and various types of flip-flops and counters. It begins with definitions of synchronous circuits and differences between latches and flip-flops. It then explains the operation of common flip-flop types including SR, D, JK, and T flip-flops. Next, it covers analysis and design of clocked sequential circuits using Moore and Mealy models. Finally, it discusses various counter types such as ripple, ring, and shift registers with examples.
Lecture 01 dld 2018
This document provides information about a digital logic design course taught by Dr. Javaid Khurshid including the instructor and lab instructor contact details, lecture and lab schedule, grading policy, textbooks, and syllabus. The syllabus covers topics such as number systems, logic gates, Boolean algebra, combinational and sequential logic, memory, and microprocessors.
Combinational circuits
The document discusses digital circuits including combinational and sequential circuits. It describes various combinational logic circuits such as half adders, full adders, comparators, multiplexers, encoders, decoders. It also discusses sequential circuits and how they employ memory elements. Arithmetic circuits, binary adders, subtractors, and BCD to 7-segment decoders are explained in detail through diagrams and examples.
Cadancesimulation
This document describes the design and implementation of a 32-bit ALU using Cadence tools. Verilog code was written for the 32-bit ALU and its 8-bit components. NCVerilog was used to verify the code had no errors. Encounter was used to generate schematics, perform analysis, and implement the design. Virtuoso extracted the layout from the design file. The 32-bit ALU was successfully simulated and the design met timing constraints.
Combinational circuit and Sequential circuit
This document summarizes the key differences between combinational and sequential circuits. It defines a combinational circuit as a system containing Boolean logic gates whose outputs depend only on the current inputs. A sequential circuit is defined as one whose outputs depend on both the present and past inputs, requiring the use of memory elements. Examples of common combinational circuits like adders and decoders are provided. Sequential circuits are said to use memory elements like flip-flops to remember past input states. Channel changing in a television is given as an example of a sequential circuit.
Digital Logic circuit
This document provides an overview of digital logic circuits and sequential circuits. It discusses various logic gates like OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR and XOR gates. It explains their truth tables and symbols. It also covers Boolean algebra, map simplification using K-maps, combinational circuits like multiplexers, demultiplexers, encoders and decoders. Finally, it describes different types of flip-flops like SR, D, JK and T flip-flops which are used to build sequential circuits that have memory and can store past states.
Register transfer and micro-operation
1) The document discusses different types of micro-operations including arithmetic, logic, shift, and register transfer micro-operations.
2) It provides examples of common arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, increment, and decrement. It also describes logic operations like AND, OR, XOR, and complement.
3) Shift micro-operations include logical shifts, circular shifts, and arithmetic shifts which affect the serial input differently.
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital electronic circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise logical operations on integer binary numbers.
This is in contrast to a floating-point unit (FPU), which operates on floating point numbers. It is a fundamental building block of many types of computing circuits, including the central processing unit (CPU) of computers, FPUs, and graphics processing units.
A single CPU, FPU or GPU may contain multiple ALUs
History Of ALU:Mathematician John von Neumann proposed the ALU concept in 1945 in a report on the foundations for a new computer called the EDVAC(Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
Typical Schematic Symbol of an ALU:A and B: the inputs to the ALU
R: Output or Result
F: Code or Instruction from the
Control Unit
D: Output status; it indicates cases
Circuit operation:An ALU is a combinational logic circuit
Its outputs will change asynchronously in response to input changes
The external circuitry connected to the ALU is responsible for ensuring the stability of ALU input signals throughout the operation
Arithmetic logic units
This document discusses binary addition, subtraction, half adders, full adders, 2's complement representation, and 2's complement adders that can perform both addition and subtraction of binary numbers. It explains how to perform binary addition and subtraction by hand, defines half adders and full adders as logic circuits, describes how 2's complement representation allows for signed binary numbers, and shows how a 2's complement adder works by selectively inverting one of the input numbers to perform either addition or subtraction.
Arithmetic Logic Unit .
In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, and even the simplest microprocessors contain one for purposes such as maintaining timers. The processors found inside modern CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs) accommodate very powerful and very complex ALUs; a single component may contain a number of ALUs.
ALU arithmetic logic unit
The document discusses the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations in a central processing unit (CPU). It first reviews basic CPU concepts like registers and the control unit. It then defines the ALU and describes its typical components and symbol. The remainder of the document demonstrates how to build a simple 1-bit ALU and discusses how multiple 1-bit ALUs can be combined into a larger 32-bit ALU. Useful online resources on ALUs and CPU architecture are also provided.
More Related Content
What's hot
Digital Electronics (EC8392) UNIT-II -PPT-S.SESHA VIDHYA/ ASP/ECE
The document discusses the design of various combinational logic circuits including multiplexers. It begins by defining combinational circuits as those whose outputs depend only on the current inputs and not prior inputs. Half adders, full adders, half subtractors, and full subtractors are designed using truth tables and Karnaugh maps. Larger multiplexers can be implemented using smaller multiplexers, such as an 8x1 multiplexer using two 4x1 multiplexers. Boolean functions can also be implemented using multiplexers by treating the minterms as inputs.
Computer arithmetics (computer organisation & arithmetics) ppt
This is a presentation of explanation of various computer arithmetic including Binary addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. Also Floating point addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division operations.
Lecture 10
This document discusses different types of shift microoperations in a computer's CPU. It describes logical shifts, circular shifts, and arithmetic shifts. Logical shifts input a 0 into the serial register. Circular shifts input the bit shifted out of the other end. Arithmetic shifts preserve a number's sign during multiplication or division. The hardware implements shifts using multiplexers to select serial input and shift direction. An arithmetic logic shift unit performs different operations including shifts using control signals to select the operation.
SEQUENTIAL AND COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS,DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN
This document introduces digital logic circuits, including combinational and sequential circuits. It discusses that combinational circuits contain only logic gates and their output depends solely on present inputs. Sequential circuits contain both logic gates and memory elements, so their output depends on present inputs and previous states. The document outlines the design and analysis procedures for combinational circuits and provides examples of their block diagrams. It also describes synchronous and asynchronous sequential circuits.
Digital Logic & Design (DLD) presentation
Digital Logic & Design (DLD) Prepared By:Md Foyez Ahammad.
Email:foyezahammad@gmail.com or foyezbijoy@ gmail.com
Combinational Circuits & Sequential Circuits
This document discusses and compares combinational and sequential circuits. It provides examples of common combinational circuits like half adders, full adders, decoders, and multiplexers. It also discusses sequential circuits elements like flip flops and shift registers. The document then focuses on adders in more detail, explaining half adders, full adders, and ripple carry adders through diagrams and examples.
Unit 2 Arithmetic
Digital computers represent all data, including numbers, using the binary number system. There are two main methods for representing real numbers: fixed-point notation reserves a fixed number of bits for the integer and fractional parts, while floating-point notation reserves bits for the significand and exponent to allow more flexibility in the number of fractional digits. Fixed-point has better performance but a more limited range, while floating-point can represent a wider range of values but requires more complex operations. Common number representations like two's complement are used to support arithmetic operations.
8 bit alu design
8 Bit ALU design is a combinational circuit which adds two binary numbers of 8 bit lenth.Which is more useful for both bachelor as well as masters students.
Types of instructions
Types of instructions can be categorized into data transfer, arithmetic, and logical/program control instructions. Data transfer instructions like MOV copy data between registers and memory. Arithmetic instructions include INC/DEC to increment/decrement values, ADD/SUB for addition/subtraction, and MUL/DIV for multiplication/division. Logical instructions perform bitwise operations while program control instructions manage program flow.
Digital Components
This document provides an overview of digital components including integrated circuits, decoders, encoders, multiplexers, registers, shift registers, binary counters, and memory units. It describes the basic functions and operations of these components. Integrated circuits contain electronic components on a small silicon chip. Digital logic families include TTL, ECL, MOS, and CMOS. Decoders and encoders convert between binary and decoded representations. Registers store binary data and shift registers can shift data serially or in parallel. Counters sequence through binary numbers. Memory units like RAM and ROM store and retrieve binary words from addresses.
COMPUTER ORGANIZATION NOTES Unit 6
This document discusses arithmetic operations in digital computers, specifically addition and subtraction. It explains how half adders and full adders are implemented using logic gates like XOR and AND-OR to add bits. A ripple carry adder cascades full adder blocks to add multiple bits, while carry lookahead adders reduce delay by computing carry signals in parallel. Binary multiplication is also covered, explaining how a logic array or sequential circuit can multiply numbers by shifting and adding partial products. Booth's algorithm improves on this by recoding the multiplier to reduce operations.
EC8392 Digital Electronics- Unit-3 -S.Sesha Vidhya-ASP-ECE-RMKCET
This document discusses synchronous sequential circuits and various types of flip-flops and counters. It begins with definitions of synchronous circuits and differences between latches and flip-flops. It then explains the operation of common flip-flop types including SR, D, JK, and T flip-flops. Next, it covers analysis and design of clocked sequential circuits using Moore and Mealy models. Finally, it discusses various counter types such as ripple, ring, and shift registers with examples.
Lecture 01 dld 2018
This document provides information about a digital logic design course taught by Dr. Javaid Khurshid including the instructor and lab instructor contact details, lecture and lab schedule, grading policy, textbooks, and syllabus. The syllabus covers topics such as number systems, logic gates, Boolean algebra, combinational and sequential logic, memory, and microprocessors.
Combinational circuits
The document discusses digital circuits including combinational and sequential circuits. It describes various combinational logic circuits such as half adders, full adders, comparators, multiplexers, encoders, decoders. It also discusses sequential circuits and how they employ memory elements. Arithmetic circuits, binary adders, subtractors, and BCD to 7-segment decoders are explained in detail through diagrams and examples.
Cadancesimulation
This document describes the design and implementation of a 32-bit ALU using Cadence tools. Verilog code was written for the 32-bit ALU and its 8-bit components. NCVerilog was used to verify the code had no errors. Encounter was used to generate schematics, perform analysis, and implement the design. Virtuoso extracted the layout from the design file. The 32-bit ALU was successfully simulated and the design met timing constraints.
Combinational circuit and Sequential circuit
This document summarizes the key differences between combinational and sequential circuits. It defines a combinational circuit as a system containing Boolean logic gates whose outputs depend only on the current inputs. A sequential circuit is defined as one whose outputs depend on both the present and past inputs, requiring the use of memory elements. Examples of common combinational circuits like adders and decoders are provided. Sequential circuits are said to use memory elements like flip-flops to remember past input states. Channel changing in a television is given as an example of a sequential circuit.
Digital Logic circuit
This document provides an overview of digital logic circuits and sequential circuits. It discusses various logic gates like OR, AND, NOT, NAND, NOR and XOR gates. It explains their truth tables and symbols. It also covers Boolean algebra, map simplification using K-maps, combinational circuits like multiplexers, demultiplexers, encoders and decoders. Finally, it describes different types of flip-flops like SR, D, JK and T flip-flops which are used to build sequential circuits that have memory and can store past states.
Register transfer and micro-operation
1) The document discusses different types of micro-operations including arithmetic, logic, shift, and register transfer micro-operations.
2) It provides examples of common arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, increment, and decrement. It also describes logic operations like AND, OR, XOR, and complement.
3) Shift micro-operations include logical shifts, circular shifts, and arithmetic shifts which affect the serial input differently.
What's hot (18)
Digital Electronics (EC8392) UNIT-II -PPT-S.SESHA VIDHYA/ ASP/ECE
Digital Electronics (EC8392) UNIT-II -PPT-S.SESHA VIDHYA/ ASP/ECE
Computer arithmetics (computer organisation & arithmetics) ppt
Computer arithmetics (computer organisation & arithmetics) ppt
SEQUENTIAL AND COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS,DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN
SEQUENTIAL AND COMBINATIONAL CIRCUITS,DIGITAL LOGIC DESIGN
EC8392 Digital Electronics- Unit-3 -S.Sesha Vidhya-ASP-ECE-RMKCET
EC8392 Digital Electronics- Unit-3 -S.Sesha Vidhya-ASP-ECE-RMKCET
Viewers also liked
Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)
An arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital electronic circuit that performs arithmetic and bitwise logical operations on integer binary numbers.
This is in contrast to a floating-point unit (FPU), which operates on floating point numbers. It is a fundamental building block of many types of computing circuits, including the central processing unit (CPU) of computers, FPUs, and graphics processing units.
A single CPU, FPU or GPU may contain multiple ALUs
History Of ALU:Mathematician John von Neumann proposed the ALU concept in 1945 in a report on the foundations for a new computer called the EDVAC(Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer
Typical Schematic Symbol of an ALU:A and B: the inputs to the ALU
R: Output or Result
F: Code or Instruction from the
Control Unit
D: Output status; it indicates cases
Circuit operation:An ALU is a combinational logic circuit
Its outputs will change asynchronously in response to input changes
The external circuitry connected to the ALU is responsible for ensuring the stability of ALU input signals throughout the operation
Arithmetic logic units
This document discusses binary addition, subtraction, half adders, full adders, 2's complement representation, and 2's complement adders that can perform both addition and subtraction of binary numbers. It explains how to perform binary addition and subtraction by hand, defines half adders and full adders as logic circuits, describes how 2's complement representation allows for signed binary numbers, and shows how a 2's complement adder works by selectively inverting one of the input numbers to perform either addition or subtraction.
Arithmetic Logic Unit .
In computing, an arithmetic logic unit (ALU) is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations. The ALU is a fundamental building block of the central processing unit (CPU) of a computer, and even the simplest microprocessors contain one for purposes such as maintaining timers. The processors found inside modern CPUs and graphics processing units (GPUs) accommodate very powerful and very complex ALUs; a single component may contain a number of ALUs.
ALU arithmetic logic unit
The document discusses the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which is a digital circuit that performs arithmetic and logical operations in a central processing unit (CPU). It first reviews basic CPU concepts like registers and the control unit. It then defines the ALU and describes its typical components and symbol. The remainder of the document demonstrates how to build a simple 1-bit ALU and discusses how multiple 1-bit ALUs can be combined into a larger 32-bit ALU. Useful online resources on ALUs and CPU architecture are also provided.
arithmetic logic unit
The document discusses the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs arithmetic and logical operations in a computer. It describes how the ALU was proposed by John Von Neumann in 1945 and is a digital circuit that performs integer calculations and logical operations. The ALU is part of the computer's microprocessor and is used to perform arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction using binary code, as well as logical operations like AND and OR.
Designing of 8 BIT Arithmetic and Logical Unit and implementing on Xilinx Ver...
The main objective of this project was to design and verify different operations of Arithmetic and Logical Unit (ALU). To implement ALU, the coding was written in VHDL (VHSIC Hardware Description Language) and verified in ModelSim. The device was configured and using FPGA (Field-programmable gate array) verification, debugging was done.
ALU
This document discusses the arithmetic logic unit (ALU) and its role in a central processing unit (CPU). It begins with an overview of the ALU and its functions, including that it performs arithmetic and logical operations. The document then shows a typical schematic symbol for an ALU and builds a sample 1-bit ALU circuit. It concludes by mentioning how ALUs can be expanded by connecting more 1-bit circuits in parallel.
Microoperations
This presentation discusses different types of microoperations that can be performed on data stored in registers. It describes arithmetic microoperations like addition, subtraction, and increment/decrement. Logic microoperations perform bit-wise operations on registers like selective set, clear, complement, and masking. Shift microoperations serially transfer data in a register left or right through logical, circular, and arithmetic shifts. Arithmetic shifts preserve a number's sign during multiplication and division by 2 during left and right shifts.
Digital Alarm Clock 446 project report
This document describes a digital alarm clock designed and implemented on an Artix7 FPGA development board using Verilog HDL. The clock displays time in hours, minutes and seconds using 8 seven-segment displays and blinks the decimal point LED between hour and minute display. It allows the user to set the current time and alarm time using buttons and has functionality for clock setting, alarm setting and an alarm alert indicator LED or sound. The design was tested successfully using hardware on the FPGA board and some minor issues were addressed. Future work proposed includes modifying the clock format and adding a date display.
Viewers also liked (9)
Designing of 8 BIT Arithmetic and Logical Unit and implementing on Xilinx Ver...
Designing of 8 BIT Arithmetic and Logical Unit and implementing on Xilinx Ver...
Similar to ALU project(segma team)
STLD-Combinational logic design
The document discusses various topics related to combinational logic design including:
- The steps in the combinational logic design process including specification, formulation, optimization, technology mapping, and verification.
- Common functional blocks like decoders, encoders, multiplexers and their uses.
- Design of half adders, full adders, half subtractors, full subtractors and binary adders/subtractors.
- Implementation of logic functions using multiplexers and demultiplexers.
- Other topics like parity generators, code converters and hazards in combinational circuits.
FPGA Implementation with Digital Devices
This document summarizes a laboratory experiment where a student designed and implemented digital circuits on an FPGA board to produce sequences of running lights. The student used components like counters, decoders, and logic gates to create circuits that caused LEDs on the board to light up in different patterns. Two circuits were made - one produced a running light sequence that changed direction when a button was pressed, and another made a "bouncing light" that switched directions when reaching the ends of the LED strip. The goal was to demonstrate an understanding of digital logic design and its application to producing specific outputs on an FPGA board.
Combinational circuit
HALF ADDER &FULL ADDER
HALF& FULL SUBTRACTOR
1 BIT,2 BIT&4 BIT MAGNITUDE COMPARATOR
2:1,4:1& 8:1 MULTIPLEXER
1:2 DEMULTIPLEXER
PARALLEL ADDER
PARALLEL SUBTRACTOR
PARALLEL ADDER/SUBTRACTOR
Bds lab 4
The document describes experiments to be performed in a digital systems lab. It discusses realizing logic gates using NAND and NOR gates, designing combinational logic circuits like half adders and full adders using NAND gates, designing magnitude comparators using gates and ICs, realizing multiplexers and demultiplexers, using a BCD to 7-segment decoder with a display, and designing ripple counters using JK flip-flops. The experiments aim to help students learn digital logic design and implement various circuits using logic gates and ICs on a breadboard. Precautions are outlined to ensure proper connections and prevent damage to components.
Combinational circuit
This document discusses combinational circuits. It defines a combinational circuit as a circuit whose output depends only on the current input levels and not previous states. Combinational circuits do not use memory. The document lists three categories of combinational circuits: arithmetic and logical functions, data transmission, and code conversion. It provides adder circuits as examples, defining a half adder and full adder, and including their truth tables.
Obstacle avoiding robot(Lab report)
This project report describes an obstacle avoiding robot created by a student group. The robot uses an ultrasonic sensor to detect obstacles in its path and a microcontroller to control two motors to navigate around obstacles. When the sensor detects an obstacle within 20cm, the microcontroller directs the robot to turn left. Otherwise, it moves straight. The report provides details on the robot's design, components, circuit diagram, algorithm, and testing process. It also discusses potential applications and future improvements.
project 3 full report
This document describes a project on using the I2C protocol for serial communication between an AT89C251 microcontroller and an AT24C04 EEPROM chip. It includes an introduction to the project, descriptions of the microcontroller and I2C protocol, and code for programming the microcontroller to save and read data from the EEPROM using I2C addresses and communication procedures.
Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA)
Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3
Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3
Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3
Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3
Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3
Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3
Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3Computer Organisation and Architecture (COA) UNIT 3
Combinational and sequential logic
Combinational circuits - Half adder, Full Adder, Parallel binary adder, Subtracter, Magnitude
Comparator, Decoders, Encoders, Multiplexers, Demultiplexers, Parity bit generator, PLA.
Sequential circuits - Flip Flops – RS, JK, T and D Flip Flops, Edge triggered Flip Flops,
Master slave Flip Flops.
Computer Organization And Architecture lab manual
The document discusses the implementation of various logic gates and flip-flops. It describes half adders and full adders can be implemented using XOR and AND gates. Binary to gray code and gray to binary code conversions are also explained. Circuit diagrams for 3-8 line decoder, 4x1 and 8x1 multiplexer are provided along with their truth tables. Finally, the working of common flip-flops like SR, JK, D and T are explained through their excitation tables.
Digital logic-formula-notes-final-1
The document discusses number systems and coding schemes. It describes how to convert between decimal, binary, octal, hexadecimal and other number systems. It also discusses various coding schemes like binary coded decimal, excess-3 code, gray code, alphanumeric codes and complements. The key points are:
1) A number system with base 'r' contains 'r' different digits from 0 to r-1. Decimal to other bases conversions involve dividing the integer part by the base and multiplying the fractional part by the base.
2) Coding schemes discussed include binary coded decimal (BCD), excess-3 code, gray code, alphanumeric codes like EBCDIC.
3) Complements like 1's complement
Digital stop watch
The document describes the design of a digital stopwatch circuit using integrated circuits. The circuit uses a pulse generator to create a 1Hz clock signal, a counter integrated circuit to count the pulses and track seconds and decades, and display driver integrated circuits to show the time on 7-segment displays. With minor modifications, the circuit could be adapted for applications like photo counting, people counting, timers, and alarms. Building the circuit provided learning experiences in pulse generation, troubleshooting circuits, using displays and drivers, and soldering circuits on PCBs.
Training Report on embedded Systems and Robotics
Deepak Kumar completed a training report on embedded systems and robotics at I3indya Technologies in Delhi for his vocational project in the 2012-2013 academic year. He studied topics including an overview of embedded systems, microcontrollers like the Atmega16, analog to digital conversion, timers, interfacing various components like 7-segment displays, LCDs, DC motors, sensors, and more. The 3-page report was submitted to his college, the National Institute of Technology Raipur, to fulfill requirements for his Bachelor of Technology degree.
Unit 2a combinational circuits
This document provides information about a Digital Electronics course with the code ECT-155. It includes the course objectives, which are to understand the merits of digitization and number representation, and impart knowledge of digital circuits. The outcomes are listed as understanding digital systems and number representation, and designing combinational and sequential digital circuits. The syllabus covers topics like combinational circuits, sequential circuits, number systems, logic gates, and adders. Diagrams of half adders and full adders using logic gates are also presented.
Digital Logic Design
This document provides information about Dr. Krishnanaik Vankdoth and his background and qualifications. It then discusses digital logic design topics like digital circuits, combinational logic, sequential circuits, logic gates, truth tables, adders, decoders, encoders, multiplexers and demultiplexers. Example circuits are provided and the functions of components like full adders, parallel adders, magnitude comparators are explained through diagrams and logic equations.
AVR_Course_Day6 external hardware interrupts and analogue to digital converter
The document discusses external hardware interrupts and analog to digital converters (ADCs) for AVR microcontrollers. It covers:
1. External interrupt registers and programming, describing how to enable/disable interrupts using SREG and EIMSK registers.
2. ADC features of AVRs, including its 10-bit resolution, registers like ADMUX for selecting channels and references, and ADCSRA for control.
3. Programming ADC using polling or interrupts in C, with examples provided. ADC polling requires waiting for conversion to complete by checking ADIF, while interrupts use ADIE.
Chapter-04.pdf
This document discusses combinational circuit design and provides examples of various combinational logic circuits. It begins with an introduction that defines combinational and sequential circuits. The remainder of the document provides details on specific combinational logic circuits including half adders, full adders, subtractors, encoders, decoders, multiplexers, comparators, and code converters. Worked examples are provided for each circuit type using truth tables, Karnaugh maps, and logic diagrams. Applications of decoders for implementing functions like a full adder are also described.
Digital Electronics-Unit II.pdf
Realization of combinational logic using gates -
Design of combinational circuits - Adder,
Subtractor, Parallel adder / Subtractor, Carry look
ahead adder, Magnitude Comparator, Code
converters, Parity generator and checker, Encoder,
Decoder, Multiplexer, De-multiplexer - Function
realization using Multiplexer, Decoder.
Audio Acquisition, Storage and Playback
This project involves designing a PCB to capture audio through a microphone, store it in an SD card, and play it back through a speaker. The system uses an ADC to convert the analog audio signal to digital, stores it on an SD card using a microcontroller, and uses a DAC to convert it back to analog for playback. Testing showed the microphone picked up noise, causing ADC issues. Playback through the DAC worked as expected. The project goal was achieved, though improvements could address the ADC noise problem.
DLD Lecture No 18 Analysis and Design of Combinational Circuit.pptx
This document discusses the analysis and design of combinational circuits. It begins by defining combinational circuits as logic circuits whose outputs depend only on current inputs, as opposed to sequential circuits whose outputs depend on both current inputs and past states. The summary discusses:
1) The analysis procedure for combinational circuits, which involves determining the Boolean functions that define the circuit's behavior.
2) Examples of common combinational circuits like code converters, which change one binary code to another.
3) The design procedure, which involves specifying inputs/outputs, deriving truth tables, simplifying Boolean functions, and drawing logic diagrams.
Similar to ALU project(segma team) (20)
AVR_Course_Day6 external hardware interrupts and analogue to digital converter
AVR_Course_Day6 external hardware interrupts and analogue to digital converter
DLD Lecture No 18 Analysis and Design of Combinational Circuit.pptx
DLD Lecture No 18 Analysis and Design of Combinational Circuit.pptx
Recently uploaded
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Mike Del Balso, CEO & Co-Founder at Tecton, presents "Full RAG," a novel approach to AI recommendation systems, aiming to push beyond the limitations of traditional models through a deep integration of contextual insights and real-time data, leveraging the Retrieval-Augmented Generation architecture. This talk will outline Full RAG's potential to significantly enhance personalization, address engineering challenges such as data management and model training, and introduce data enrichment with reranking as a key solution. Attendees will gain crucial insights into the importance of hyperpersonalization in AI, the capabilities of Full RAG for advanced personalization, and strategies for managing complex data integrations for deploying cutting-edge AI solutions.
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
Leonard Jayamohan, Partner & Generative AI Lead, Deloitte
This keynote will reveal how Deloitte leverages Neo4j’s graph power for groundbreaking digital twin solutions, achieving a staggering 100x performance boost. Discover the essential role knowledge graphs play in successful generative AI implementations. Plus, get an exclusive look at an innovative Neo4j + Generative AI solution Deloitte is developing in-house.
Uni Systems Copilot event_05062024_C.Vlachos.pdf
Unlocking Productivity: Leveraging the Potential of Copilot in Microsoft 365, a presentation by Christoforos Vlachos, Senior Solutions Manager – Modern Workplace, Uni Systems
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Introducing Milvus Lite: Easy-to-Install, Easy-to-Use vector database for you...
Join us to introduce Milvus Lite, a vector database that can run on notebooks and laptops, share the same API with Milvus, and integrate with every popular GenAI framework. This webinar is perfect for developers seeking easy-to-use, well-integrated vector databases for their GenAI apps.
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
ここ3000字までしか入らないけどタイトルの方がたくさん文字入ると思います。
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Consult the full report at https://www.oecd.org/digital/oecd-artificial-intelligence-review-of-germany-609808d6-en.htm
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about the irresponsible use of machine intelligence in May 2024
20240607 QFM018 Elixir Reading List May 2024
Everything I found interesting about the Elixir programming ecosystem in May 2024
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software Fuzzing
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
As the digital landscape continually evolves, operating systems play a critical role in shaping user experiences and productivity. The launch of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0 marks a significant milestone, offering a robust alternative to traditional systems such as Windows 11. This article delves into the essence of Nitrux Linux 3.5.0, exploring its unique features, advantages, and how it stands as a compelling choice for both casual users and tech enthusiasts.
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Discover the seamless integration of RPA (Robotic Process Automation), COMPOSER, and APM with AWS IDP enhanced with Slack notifications. Explore how these technologies converge to streamline workflows, optimize performance, and ensure secure access, all while leveraging the power of AWS IDP and real-time communication via Slack notifications.
TrustArc Webinar - 2024 Global Privacy Survey
How does your privacy program stack up against your peers? What challenges are privacy teams tackling and prioritizing in 2024?
In the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey, we asked over 1,800 global privacy professionals and business executives to share their perspectives on the current state of privacy inside and outside of their organizations. This year’s report focused on emerging areas of importance for privacy and compliance professionals, including considerations and implications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies, building brand trust, and different approaches for achieving higher privacy competence scores.
See how organizational priorities and strategic approaches to data security and privacy are evolving around the globe.
This webinar will review:
- The top 10 privacy insights from the fifth annual Global Privacy Benchmarks Survey
- The top challenges for privacy leaders, practitioners, and organizations in 2024
- Key themes to consider in developing and maintaining your privacy program
Recently uploaded (20)
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
Full-RAG: A modern architecture for hyper-personalization
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
GraphSummit Singapore | The Future of Agility: Supercharging Digital Transfor...
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptx
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
GraphSummit Singapore | Enhancing Changi Airport Group's Passenger Experience...
Introducing Milvus Lite: Easy-to-Install, Easy-to-Use vector database for you...
Introducing Milvus Lite: Easy-to-Install, Easy-to-Use vector database for you...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
みなさんこんにちはこれ何文字まで入るの？40文字以下不可とか本当に意味わからないけどこれ限界文字数書いてないからマジでやばい文字数いけるんじゃないの？えこ...
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
Presentation of the OECD Artificial Intelligence Review of Germany
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
20240609 QFM020 Irresponsible AI Reading List May 2024
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
Goodbye Windows 11: Make Way for Nitrux Linux 3.5.0!
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
Monitoring Java Application Security with JDK Tools and JFR Events
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
GraphSummit Singapore | Neo4j Product Vision & Roadmap - Q2 2024
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
Let's Integrate MuleSoft RPA, COMPOSER, APM with AWS IDP along with Slack
ALU project(segma team)
- 4. Topics
- 14. Input Kit
- 28. Multiplication & Division Kit
- 29. Multiplication & Division Kit
- 50. Shifting Kit S3 S2 Operation 0 0 Ordinary shift 1 0 Arithmetic shift 0 1 Orbital shift 1 1 Un used state M Operation 0 Shifting With Flag 1 Shifting Through Flag