This document provides an overview of a six week training presentation on programmable logic controllers (PLCs). It discusses automation and the use of relays, common relay types, how relays function, advantages of relays, what a PLC is and its architecture/components, the ladder logic programming language used for PLCs, and timing and counting functions using timers and counters. The presentation aims to explain the basic concepts and components of PLCs for automated control applications.
PowerPoint Presentation on Industrial Automation In which we discuss About PLCs, SCADA,HMI,VFD and various tools of Automation which is used in Industries.
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Seminar Presentation on Programmeble Logic Controller , By an Engineering Student For doing Professional Presentation like Business Presentation, Industrial Use
PowerPoint Presentation on Industrial Automation In which we discuss About PLCs, SCADA,HMI,VFD and various tools of Automation which is used in Industries.
Like Comment & Share
Seminar Presentation on Programmeble Logic Controller , By an Engineering Student For doing Professional Presentation like Business Presentation, Industrial Use
A Power Point presentation On INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION...
What is Automation?
As the name suggests ‘Automation’ means to perform automatic operations by means of different kinds of machines.
Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services.
It is used to reduce human interference and efforts
Advantages Of PLC:-
Less Wiring.
Wiring between devices and relay contacts are done in the PLC program.
Easier and faster to make changes.
Trouble shooting aids make programming easier and reduce downtime.
Reliable components make these likely to operate for years before failure.
A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or Programmable Controller is an electronic device used for Automation of industrial processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines.
Seminar Presentation on Programmeble Logic Controller , By an Engineering Student For doing Professional Presentation like Business Presentation, Industrial automation process,
PLC PROGRAMMING
A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) is an industrial computer control system that continuously monitors the state of input devices and makes decisions based upon a custom program to control the state of output devices. Almost any production line, machine function, or process can be greatly enhanced using this type of control system. However, the biggest benefit in using a PLC is the ability to change and replicate the operation or process while collecting and communicating vital information.
&
SCADA IN INDUSTRY APPLICATION
SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION, a computer system for gathering and analyzing real time data. SCADA systems are used to monitor and control a plant or equipment in industries such as telecommunications, water and waste control, energy, oil and gas refining and transportation. A SCADA system gathers information, such as where a leak on a pipeline has occurred, transfers the information back to a central site, alerting the home station that the leak has occurred, carrying out necessary analysis and control, such as determining if the leak is critical, and displaying the information in a logical and organized fashion. SCADA systems were first used in the 1960s.
A Power Point presentation On INDUSTRIAL AUTOMATION...
What is Automation?
As the name suggests ‘Automation’ means to perform automatic operations by means of different kinds of machines.
Automation is the use of control systems and information technologies to reduce the need for human work in the production of goods and services.
It is used to reduce human interference and efforts
Advantages Of PLC:-
Less Wiring.
Wiring between devices and relay contacts are done in the PLC program.
Easier and faster to make changes.
Trouble shooting aids make programming easier and reduce downtime.
Reliable components make these likely to operate for years before failure.
A Programmable Logic Controller (PLC) or Programmable Controller is an electronic device used for Automation of industrial processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines.
Seminar Presentation on Programmeble Logic Controller , By an Engineering Student For doing Professional Presentation like Business Presentation, Industrial automation process,
PLC PROGRAMMING
A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER (PLC) is an industrial computer control system that continuously monitors the state of input devices and makes decisions based upon a custom program to control the state of output devices. Almost any production line, machine function, or process can be greatly enhanced using this type of control system. However, the biggest benefit in using a PLC is the ability to change and replicate the operation or process while collecting and communicating vital information.
&
SCADA IN INDUSTRY APPLICATION
SUPERVISORY CONTROL AND DATA ACQUISITION, a computer system for gathering and analyzing real time data. SCADA systems are used to monitor and control a plant or equipment in industries such as telecommunications, water and waste control, energy, oil and gas refining and transportation. A SCADA system gathers information, such as where a leak on a pipeline has occurred, transfers the information back to a central site, alerting the home station that the leak has occurred, carrying out necessary analysis and control, such as determining if the leak is critical, and displaying the information in a logical and organized fashion. SCADA systems were first used in the 1960s.
Programmable logic controllers (PLCs) have been an integral part of factory automation and industrial process control for decades. PLCs control a wide array of applications from simple lighting functions to environmental systems to chemical processing plants. These systems perform many functions, providing a variety of analog and digital input and output interfaces; signal processing; data conversion; and various communication protocols. All of the PLC's components and functions are centered around the controller, which is programmed for a specific task.
The basic PLC module must be sufficiently flexible and configurable to meet the diverse needs of different factories and applications. Input stimuli (either analog or digital) are received from machines, sensors, or process events in the form of voltage or current. The PLC must accurately interpret and convert the stimulus for the CPU which, in turn, defines a set of instructions to the output systems that control actuators on the factory floor or in another industrial environment
Introduction of Programmable Logic Controller to Electric Overhead Travelling...paperpublications3
Abstract: In this paper, we are using PLC programmes to control the crane movement. The application of PLC could simplify circuits and make the design easier, safer and more reliable. Earlier in Industry, relays and contactors are adopted to control the crane motion in desired directions. Starting of the cranes and speed control of the crane is realized through convectional starters and resistance series. This kind of design has low reliability, complex operation, high electrical failure rate, power waste and low efficiency .These problems can be rectified by using programmable logic controller.
Implementation of T-Junction Traffic Light Control System Using Simatic S7-20...IJERA Editor
A conventional traffic light control system is designed by using devices such as timers, relays and
contactors etc. The critical timing operation is required to be carried out under the existence of heavy
traffic situations. This conventional practice leads to many problems that need additional maintenance
cost and subsequent delay for a long time. With the help of a PLC, the requirement of fast automation
and effective optimization of traffic light control system can be achieved. Use of PLC helps us to
develop this process not only for traffic signal on the roads, but also on the movement of trains and
the transfer of containers in ports in maritime works. In order to provide a solution to the above
problem, this paper introduces an execution and implementation of T-junction traffic control system
using SEIMENS S7-200 PLC. Programming in PLC is written in ladder logic with the help of STEP7
MICROWIN software
Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PLC and SCADA SystemIJERA Editor
Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as
machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering and
stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some
processes have been completely automated. The motor speed is controlled via the driver as an open loop control.
To make a more precise closed loop control of motor speed we will use a tachometer to measure the speed and
feed it back to the PLC, which compares to the desired value and take a control action, then the signal is
transferred to the motor – via driver – to increase / decrease the speed. We will measure the speed of the motor
using an incremental rotary encoder by adjusting parameters (PLC, driver) and also we need to reduce the
overall cost of the system. Our control system will be held using the available Siemens PLC. In addition, we will
monitor motor parameters via SCADA system.
Speed Control of Induction Motor Using PLC and SCADA SystemIJERA Editor
Automation or automatic control is the use of various control systems for operating equipment such as
machinery, processes in factories, boilers and heat-treating ovens, switching in telephone networks, steering and
stabilization of ships, aircraft and other applications with minimal or reduced human intervention. Some
processes have been completely automated. The motor speed is controlled via the driver as an open loop control.
To make a more precise closed loop control of motor speed we will use a tachometer to measure the speed and
feed it back to the PLC, which compares to the desired value and take a control action, then the signal is
transferred to the motor – via driver – to increase / decrease the speed. We will measure the speed of the motor
using an incremental rotary encoder by adjusting parameters (PLC, driver) and also we need to reduce the
overall cost of the system. Our control system will be held using the available Siemens PLC. In addition, we will
monitor motor parameters via SCADA system.
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
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2. AUTOMATION
AUTOMATION OR AUTOMATIC
CONTROL, IS THE USE OF
VARIOUS CONTROL SYSTEMS
FOR OPERATING EQUIPMENT
SUCH AS MACHINERY,
PROCESSES IN FACTORIES,
BOILERS AND HEAT TREATING
OVENS, SWITCHING IN
TELEPHONE NETWORKS, AND
AIRCRAFT AND OTHER
APPLICATIONS WITH MINIMAL
OR REDUCED HUMAN EFFORT.
SOME PROCESSES HAVE BEEN
COMPLETELY AUTOMATED.
3. RELAY
A RELAY IS AN ELECTRICALLY
OPERATED SWITCH. MANY
RELAYS USE AN ELECTROMAGNET
TO MECHANICALLY OPERATE A
SWITCH, BUT OTHER OPERATING
PRINCIPLES ARE ALSO USED,
SUCH AS SOLID-STATE RELAYS.
RELAYS ARE USED WHERE IT IS
NECESSARY TO CONTROL A
CIRCUIT BY A LOW-POWER SIGNAL
(WITH COMPLETE ELECTRICAL
ISOLATION BETWEEN CONTROL
AND CONTROLLED CIRCUITS), OR
WHERE SEVERAL CIRCUITS MUST
BE CONTROLLED BY ONE SIGNAL.
4. COMMON TYPES OF RELAY
SPST:–THESE HAVE TWO TERMINALS
WHICH CAN BE CONNECTED OR
DISCONNECTED. INCLUDING TWO
FOR THE COIL, SUCH A RELAY HAS
FOUR TERMINALS IN TOTAL..
SPDT:– A COMMON TERMINAL
CONNECTS TO EITHER OF TWO
OTHERS. INCLUDING TWO FOR THE
COIL.
DPST:– THESE HAVE TWO PAIRS OF
TERMINALS. EQUIVALENT TO TWO
SPST SWITCHES OR RELAYS
ACTUATED BY A SINGLE COIL
DPDT:- THESE HAVE TWO ROWS OF
CHANGE-OVER TERMINALS.
EQUIVALENT TO TWO SPDT SWITCHES
OR RELAYS ACTUATED BY A SINGLE
COIL.
5. FUNCTIONING OF RELAY
RELAYS ARE SWITCHES THAT OPEN AND CLOSE
CIRCUITS ELECTROMECHANICALLY OR
ELECTRONICALLY. RELAYS CONTROL ONE
ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT BY OPENING AND CLOSING
CONTACTS IN ANOTHER CIRCUIT. AS RELAY
DIAGRAMS SHOW, WHEN A RELAY CONTACT IS
NORMALLY OPEN (NO), THERE IS AN OPEN
CONTACT WHEN THE RELAY IS NOT ENERGIZED.
WHEN A RELAY CONTACT IS NORMALLY CLOSED
(NC), THERE IS A CLOSED CONTACT WHEN THE
RELAY IS NOT ENERGIZED. IN EITHER CASE,
APPLYING ELECTRICAL CURRENT TO THE
CONTACTS WILL CHANGE THEIR STATE.
6. RELAYS ARE GENERALLY USED
TO SWITCH SMALLER
CURRENTS IN A CONTROL
CIRCUIT AND DO NOT USUALLY
CONTROL POWER CONSUMING
DEVICES EXCEPT FOR SMALL
MOTORS AND SOLENOIDS THAT
DRAW LOW AMPS.
NONETHELESS, RELAYS CAN
"CONTROL" LARGER VOLTAGES
AND AMPERES BY HAVING AN
AMPLIFYING EFFECT BECAUSE
A SMALL VOLTAGE APPLIED TO
A RELAYS COIL CAN RESULT IN
A LARGE VOLTAGE BEING
SWITCHED BY THE CONTACTS.
7. ADVANTAGES OF RELAY
Electromagnetic relays have fast operation and fast
reset
They can be used for both ac and dc systems for
protection of ac and dc equipments
Electromagnetic relays operating speeds which has
the ability to operate in milliseconds are also can be
possible
They have the properties such as simple, robust,
compact and most reliable
These relays are almost instantaneous. Though
instantaneous the operating time of the relay varies
with the current.
8. PLC (PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC
CONTROLLER)
A PROGRAMMABLE LOGIC CONTROLLER, PLC OR
PROGRAMMABLE CONTROLLER IS A DIGITAL COMPUTER USED
FOR AUTOMATION OF TYPICALLY INDUSTRIAL
ELECTROMECHANICAL PROCESSES, SUCH AS CONTROL OF
MACHINERY ON FACTORY ASSEMBLY LINES, OR LIGHT FIXTURES.
PLCS ARE USED IN MANY INDUSTRIES AND MACHINES. PLCS ARE
DESIGNED FOR MULTIPLE ANALOGUE AND DIGITAL INPUTS AND
OUTPUT ARRANGEMENTS, EXTENDED TEMPERATURE RANGES,
IMMUNITY TO ELECTRICAL NOISE, AND RESISTANCE TO
VIBRATION AND IMPACT. PROGRAMS TO CONTROL MACHINE
OPERATION ARE TYPICALLY STORED IN BATTERY-BACKED-UP OR
NON-VOLATILE MEMORY. A PLC IS AN EXAMPLE OF A HARD REAL-
TIME SYSTEM SINCE OUTPUT RESULTS MUST BE PRODUCED IN
RESPONSE TO INPUT CONDITIONS WITHIN A LIMITED TIME. IT IS A
MULTIPURPOSE, CLOCK DRIVEN, MEMORY BASED DEVICE
WHICH DEALS WITH THE DIFFERENT LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY AND
CONTROL SYSTEM.
10. PLC ADVANTAGES AND BENEFITS
HIGHER RELIABILITY:ONCE THE PROGRAM WRITTEN AND TESTED IT CAN
BE EASILY DOWNLOADED INTO OTHER PLC'S MEMORY.
MORE FLEXIBILITY:IT IS EASIER TO CREATE A NEW PROGRAM MODULE OR
CHANGE AN EXISTING PROGRAM IN PLC COMPARED TO HARD WIRED
CIRCUITRY SYSTEM.
LOWER COST:PLCS WERE ORIGINALLY DESIGNED TO REPLACE RELAY
CONTROL LOGIC WHICH IS NOT ECONOMICAL AND COMPLEX ESPECIALLY
FOR LARGE CONTROL CIRCUITS.
COMMUNICATION CAPABILITY:COMMUNICATION CAPABILITY OF PLC WITH
THE OTHER CONTROLLERS AND COMPUTERS IN THE SYSTEM IS ONE OF
THE MAIN ADVANTAGES COMPARED TO RELAY CONTROL CIRCUIT.
FASTER RESPONSE:PLCS ARE DESIGNED FOR HIGH SPEED AND FOR THE
REAL TIME APPLICATIONS.RESPONSE TIME FOR PLCS ARE MUCH
SMALLER COMPARED TO RELAY LOGIC CIRCUITS.
EASY TO TROUBLESHOOT:PLCS HAVE INBUILT DIAGNOSTICS AND
OVERRIDE FUNCTIONS THAT HELPS THE USER TO EASILY TRANCE THE
SOFTWARE AND HARDWARE ERRORS.
11. COMPONENTS OF PLC
PROCESSOR: IT IS THE CENTRAL PROCESSING
UNIT (CPU) OF THE PROGRAMMABLE
CONTROLLER, IT EXECUTES THE VARIOUS
LOGIC AND SEQUENCING FUNCTIONS BY
OPERATING ON THE PLC INPUTS TO DETERMINE
THE APPROPRIATE OUTPUT SIGNALS.
THE PROCESSOR ACCEPTS THE INPUT DATA
FROM VARIOUS SENSING DEVICES,
EXECUTES THE STORED USER PROGRAM AND
SENDS APPROPRIATE OUTPUT COMMANDS TO
CONTROL DEVICES
12. MEMORY : MEMORY UNIT IS CONNECTED TO THE
CPU, WHICH CONTAINS THE PROGRAMS OF LOGIC,
SEQUENCING AND I/O OPERATIONS .
IT ALSO HOLDS DATA FILES ASSOCIATED WITH
THESE PROGRAMS, INCLUDING I/O STATIONS BITS,
COUNTER AND TIMER CONSTANTS, AND OTHER
VARIABLE AND PARAMETER VALUES.
THIS MEMORY UNIT IS REFERRED TO AS THE
USER OR APPLICATION MEMORY BECAUSE ITS
CONTENTS ARE ENTERED BY THE USER AND ALSO
DIRECTS THE EXECUTION OF CONTROL PROGRAM
AND COORDINATES I/O OPERATIONS WITH THE AID
OF SYSTEM MEMORY.
13. POWER SUPPLY:
A POWER SUPPLY OF 240V ALTERNATING CURRENT(AC)
IS TYPICALLY USED TO DRIVE THE PLC (SOME UNITS
OPERATE ON 120 V AC).
THE POWER SUPPLY CONVERTS THE 240V AC INTO
DIRECT CURRENT (DC) VOLTAGES OF ±5V.
THESE LOW VOLTAGES ARE USED TO OPERATE
EQUIPMENT THAT MANY HAVE MUCH HIGHER VOLTAGE
AND POWER RATINGS THAN THE PLC ITSELF.
THE POWER SUPPLY OFTEN INCLUDES A BATTERY
BACKUP THAT SWITCHES IN AUTOMATICALLY IN THE
EVENT OF AN EXTERNAL POWER SOURCE FAILURE.
14. I/O MODULUS:
THE INPUT/OUTPUT MODULE PROVIDES THE
CONNECTIONS TO THE INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT OR
PROCESS THAT IS NOT TO BE CONTROLLED.
INPUTS TO THE CONTROLLER ARE SIGNALS FROM
LIMIT-SWITCHES , PUSH-BUTTONS, SENSORS , AND
OTHER ON/OFF DEVICES.
OUTPUTS FROM THE CONTROLLER ARE ON/OFF
SIGNALS TO OPERATE MOTORS, VALVES, AND OTHER
DEVICES REQUIRED TO ACTUATE THE PROCESS.
MANY PLCS ARE CAPABLE OF ACCEPTING
CONTINUOUS SIGNALS FROM ANALOG SENSORS AD
GENERATING SIGNALS SUITABLE FOR ANALOG
ACTUATORS.
16. LANGUAGE USED
THE LANGUAGE USED FOR PLC
PROGRAMMING IS LADDER LOGIC.
LADDER LOGIC IS A PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGE THAT REPRESENTS A PROGRAM
BY A GRAPHICAL DIAGRAM BASED ON
THE CIRCUIT DIAGRAMS OF RELAY
LOGIC HARDWARE.
19. TIMER
• TIMERS ARE USED TO PERFORM THE TIMING
OPERATIONS.
• TIME BASE IS THE MINIMUM VALUE OF TIME IN SECOND
THAT CAN BE TAKEN BY THE TIMER.
• PRESET VALUE IS THE TOTAL NUMBER OF THE
SECONDS FOR WHICH THE TIMING OPERATION HAS TO
BE DONE
• ACCUMULATOR STARTS INCREASING THE TIME IN
SECONDS UP TO THE PRESET VALUE.
• UP TO THE PRESET VALUE OF THE ACCUMULATOR THE
ENABLE BIT OF TIMER IS HIGH & THE TIMER RUNS.
• WHEN ACCUMULATOR REACHES THE PRESET VALUE
THEN THE TIMER STOPS AND THE DONE BIT OF THE
TIMER BECOMES HIGH.
20. COUNTER
•COUNTERS ARE USED TO COUNT THE
NUMBER OF OPERATIONS.
•ITS FUNCTION IS SAME AS THE TIMER
EXCEPTS THAT THE TIMER COUNTS THE
NUMBER OF SECONDS AND THE
COUNTER COUNTS THE NUMBER OF
OPERATIONS OR PULSES.
•AT EACH OPERATION THE VALUE OF THE
ACCUMULATOR INCREASES AND WHEN
THE VALUE OF THE ACCUMULATOR
COMES TO THE PRESET VALUE OF THE
COUNTER THEN THE COUNTER STOPS
21. COMPARE FUNCTION
COMPARE FUNCTIONS ARE INPUT INSTRUCTIONS.
PREVIOUS FUNCTION BLOCKS WERE OUTPUTS, THESE
REPLACE INPUT CONTACTS.
List of compare function:
EQU
NEQ
LES
LEQ
GRT
GEQ
LIM