مقدمة لتحويل الطاقة الشمسية / Lecture, June 21st. 2013 / El Jadida, MoroccoProf. Dr. Ahmed Ennaoui
الاحتباس الحراري
اعتدال درجة حرارة سطح الأ رض
عملية انتاج الطاقة المتجددة
العلوم والتكنولوجيا وراء إنتاج الكهرباء من الشمس
نظام توليد الطاقة الشمسية المركزة
مقارنة مع الخلايا الكهروضوئية
تكنولوجيا السليكون البلوري
الخلايا الشمسية الرقيقة الناشئة
الاستدامة والاقتصاد المبني على المعرفة
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power.
what is solar energy definition
10 advantages of solar energy
what is solar energy kids
what is solar energy system
what is solar power definition
facts about solar energy
use of solar energy
solar energy information
interesting civil engineering topics
seminar topics pdf
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
best seminar topics for civil engineering
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The document provides information about Solar & Gas Advisory Service, a company that provides advice on renewable energy installations including solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. It describes how solar PV systems work to generate electricity from sunlight using panels and inverters, and the financial incentives available through the Feed-in Tariff program which pays homeowners for electricity generated and exported to the grid. Installation costs and processes are outlined along with the equipment included in a typical residential solar PV installation.
Concentrated Solar Power Technologies (CSP)swapnil_energy
Analysis of Concentrated solar power (CSP) or Solar Thermal (STH) technologies with focus on its technology assessment, financials, challenge areas and solar market scenario
Brief explanation about sustainable energy resources, then evaluation of the outstanding environmental achievements of Crete, and how could this small island gain most of its energy from sustainable resources.
مقدمة لتحويل الطاقة الشمسية / Lecture, June 21st. 2013 / El Jadida, MoroccoProf. Dr. Ahmed Ennaoui
الاحتباس الحراري
اعتدال درجة حرارة سطح الأ رض
عملية انتاج الطاقة المتجددة
العلوم والتكنولوجيا وراء إنتاج الكهرباء من الشمس
نظام توليد الطاقة الشمسية المركزة
مقارنة مع الخلايا الكهروضوئية
تكنولوجيا السليكون البلوري
الخلايا الشمسية الرقيقة الناشئة
الاستدامة والاقتصاد المبني على المعرفة
Solar energy is radiant light and heat from the Sun that is harnessed using a range of ever-evolving technologies such as solar heating, photovoltaics, solar thermal energy, solar architecture, molten salt power plants and artificial photosynthesis. It is an important source of renewable energy and its technologies are broadly characterized as either passive solar or active solar depending on how they capture and distribute solar energy or convert it into solar power.
what is solar energy definition
10 advantages of solar energy
what is solar energy kids
what is solar energy system
what is solar power definition
facts about solar energy
use of solar energy
solar energy information
interesting civil engineering topics
seminar topics pdf
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
civil engineering ppt
latest civil engineering seminar topics
The document provides information about Solar & Gas Advisory Service, a company that provides advice on renewable energy installations including solar photovoltaic (PV) systems. It describes how solar PV systems work to generate electricity from sunlight using panels and inverters, and the financial incentives available through the Feed-in Tariff program which pays homeowners for electricity generated and exported to the grid. Installation costs and processes are outlined along with the equipment included in a typical residential solar PV installation.
Concentrated Solar Power Technologies (CSP)swapnil_energy
Analysis of Concentrated solar power (CSP) or Solar Thermal (STH) technologies with focus on its technology assessment, financials, challenge areas and solar market scenario
Brief explanation about sustainable energy resources, then evaluation of the outstanding environmental achievements of Crete, and how could this small island gain most of its energy from sustainable resources.
This document discusses pyranometers and pyrheliometers. A pyranometer is a sensor that measures solar irradiance over 180 degrees using a thermopile sensor with a black coating inside a glass dome. It measures diffuse sunlight. A pyrheliometer specifically measures direct beam sunlight using a thermopile sensor that tracks the sun inside an instrument with a window. They are both used to study solar energy, meteorology and climate but a pyrheliometer additionally helps assess solar panel efficiency.
The annual potential of solar energy is 1575 exajoules, which is equivalent to 437500 terawatt hours. The document lists some of the largest solar farms in the world including the Tengger Desert Solar Park in China which has a capacity of 1500 megawatts and is one of the largest along with the Kamuthi solar farm in Tamil Nadu, India with 648 megawatts. Solar power can be generated through concentrating solar power (CSP) which uses heat or photovoltaics (PV) which directly converts sunlight to electricity through solar panels.
This document presents a hybrid solar-wind power system project. It introduces renewable energy sources like wind and solar, and the advantages of combining them in a hybrid system to maximize energy production. The document outlines the components of the hybrid system, including solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, and inverters. It also discusses wind and solar conditions for Lucknow, India and provides sizing estimates for wind turbines and solar panels. The document concludes that a hybrid system can provide clean power for remote villages and help meet increasing electricity demands. It presents cost estimates and outlines plans for an experimental setup and fabrication.
Solar thermal energy harnesses solar energy to generate thermal or electrical energy. It uses solar collectors to capture sunlight and convert it to heat. Collectors are classified by temperature as low, medium, or high. Low collectors heat pools or air, medium heat water or air for homes/buildings, and high concentrate sunlight for industrial heat up to 300°C or electricity generation. Solar thermal was first used in 1910 in the Sahara but later abandoned until being revisited. It works by capturing sunlight through collectors using the greenhouse effect to heat a fluid for applications like water and space heating, or pools. Collectors have a glass cover and dark absorber plate that heats a fluid circulating through pipes.
This document discusses solar thermal energy. It describes three main ways to use solar thermal energy: heating water or air directly, creating electricity through concentrated solar heat, and passive solar building design. Flat plate and evacuated tube collectors are the most common solar thermal collectors. Solar thermal systems can provide hot water, space heating, or pool heating. Storage of solar energy is usually in the form of heated water. Solar thermal energy is economically efficient, with payback periods of 5-9 years on average. Germany, China, and Turkey have the largest installed solar thermal capacities worldwide.
This document discusses solar energy and the structure and composition of the sun. It provides details on:
1) The core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, transition layer, and corona of the sun and their respective temperatures and densities.
2) The concept of solar constant and how the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth varies with location and seasons.
3) Different types of solar collectors like flat plate and concentrating collectors and their uses for low to high temperature applications.
4) Key angles used in solar energy like the altitude, azimuth, and zenith angles and how they are calculated based on factors like latitude and day of the year.
التعرف على الطاقة المتجددة وانواعها
الطاقة الشمسيه واشهر تطبيقاتها
انواع الخلايا الشمسيه وكفاءتها
مكونات النظام الكهروضوئي (الشمسي)
تصميم منظومات الطاقة شمسية للحمل المنزلي
This document discusses tidal energy and how it works. Tidal energy harnesses the power of tides, which are caused by gravitational forces from the moon and sun. There are two main types of tidal power plants - tidal barrages and tidal current turbines. Tidal barrages are dams built across estuaries or bays, while tidal current turbines use the kinetic energy of moving water like wind turbines use wind. Major tidal plants exist in places like France, India, and South Korea. The document outlines the pros and cons of each tidal power technology and notes tidal energy is a renewable source but installation and maintenance can be challenging.
This document summarizes a solar power tower system. It focuses on concentrating sunlight from an array of sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) onto a central tower-mounted receiver. The receiver heats a molten salt heat transfer fluid that is then used to generate steam to power a turbine and produce electricity. Thermal energy can also be stored in the molten salt for hours to allow electricity production when solar radiation is unavailable. Examples of commercial solar power tower plants currently in operation are provided.
This document provides an overview of solar energy, including its history, development, technologies, applications, advantages and disadvantages. It discusses how solar cells work by converting sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Different types of solar cells and panels are described, as well as the process of installing a solar energy system. Opportunities and challenges of solar power in Pakistan are highlighted, along with various uses of solar energy from heating to transportation.
• Solar resource assessment
• Determination of profitability of a PV plant
• Selection and optimization of the site.
• Selection of components (Inverters, Modules, Protection and Wiring, Grounding, Transformers, Metering, Grid Connection)
• Advanced calculations : Estimated losses; Shading study, etc
• Electrical diagrams
This document summarizes different types of solar thermal power plants. It describes low, medium, and high temperature plants. Low temperature plants use flat plate collectors and operate between 600-1000°C, generating power from fluids like butane. Medium temperature plants use parabolic trough collectors and operate between 250-400°C. High temperature plants include dish collectors and central tower plants using heliostats, operating above 600°C to generate steam power. The document provides details on the systems and processes used in each type of solar thermal power plant.
Energy can be stored in various forms, including chemical energy in batteries. When a battery is connected in a circuit, the stored chemical energy is released as electricity. Energy can also be stored as kinetic energy in moving objects, as potential energy by raising objects vertically, and as latent heat during phase changes of substances like melting ice. However, electricity cannot be stored for long periods, though batteries provide short-term storage. There are also challenges to consistently producing electricity from renewable sources like solar, requiring development of better long-term energy storage solutions.
Concentrating solar thermal technology (1)Urval Chotalia
Concentrating solar thermal technology uses mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto receivers that collect solar energy and convert it to heat. This heat can then be used to produce electricity via a steam turbine or for other industrial processes. The four main concentrating solar thermal technologies are parabolic troughs, linear Fresnel reflectors, power towers, and parabolic dishes. Concentrating solar thermal power has the benefits of being environmentally friendly, having potential for thermal energy storage, and providing dispatchable power.
Solar power is energy from the sun that can be converted into electricity using photovoltaic or concentrating solar thermal technology. There are advantages like being free and renewable but also disadvantages like requiring significant investment and only working during daylight hours. Solar power is used in many applications from power plants and buildings to gadgets, vehicles, and space stations. Innovation in solar energy continues with technologies like solar windows, containers, and backpacks that harness power from the sun.
This document provides an overview of solar energy, including its history, current applications, and future potential. It discusses how solar energy works and the two key components (collectors and storage). Applications mentioned include solar thermal technologies for water and space heating, electricity production, cooking, process heat, and desalination. The document also reviews various energy storage methods and the development, deployment, and economics of solar power over history.
Application of Capacitors to Distribution System and Voltage RegulationAmeen San
Application of Capacitors to
Distribution System and Voltage
Regulation
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT,
System Harmonics
Voltage Regulation
Methods of Voltage Control
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss CalculationAmeen San
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss
Calculation
Comparison of Overhead Versus Underground System
Power Loss Calculation,Voltage Drop Calculation
This document discusses pyranometers and pyrheliometers. A pyranometer is a sensor that measures solar irradiance over 180 degrees using a thermopile sensor with a black coating inside a glass dome. It measures diffuse sunlight. A pyrheliometer specifically measures direct beam sunlight using a thermopile sensor that tracks the sun inside an instrument with a window. They are both used to study solar energy, meteorology and climate but a pyrheliometer additionally helps assess solar panel efficiency.
The annual potential of solar energy is 1575 exajoules, which is equivalent to 437500 terawatt hours. The document lists some of the largest solar farms in the world including the Tengger Desert Solar Park in China which has a capacity of 1500 megawatts and is one of the largest along with the Kamuthi solar farm in Tamil Nadu, India with 648 megawatts. Solar power can be generated through concentrating solar power (CSP) which uses heat or photovoltaics (PV) which directly converts sunlight to electricity through solar panels.
This document presents a hybrid solar-wind power system project. It introduces renewable energy sources like wind and solar, and the advantages of combining them in a hybrid system to maximize energy production. The document outlines the components of the hybrid system, including solar panels, wind turbines, batteries, and inverters. It also discusses wind and solar conditions for Lucknow, India and provides sizing estimates for wind turbines and solar panels. The document concludes that a hybrid system can provide clean power for remote villages and help meet increasing electricity demands. It presents cost estimates and outlines plans for an experimental setup and fabrication.
Solar thermal energy harnesses solar energy to generate thermal or electrical energy. It uses solar collectors to capture sunlight and convert it to heat. Collectors are classified by temperature as low, medium, or high. Low collectors heat pools or air, medium heat water or air for homes/buildings, and high concentrate sunlight for industrial heat up to 300°C or electricity generation. Solar thermal was first used in 1910 in the Sahara but later abandoned until being revisited. It works by capturing sunlight through collectors using the greenhouse effect to heat a fluid for applications like water and space heating, or pools. Collectors have a glass cover and dark absorber plate that heats a fluid circulating through pipes.
This document discusses solar thermal energy. It describes three main ways to use solar thermal energy: heating water or air directly, creating electricity through concentrated solar heat, and passive solar building design. Flat plate and evacuated tube collectors are the most common solar thermal collectors. Solar thermal systems can provide hot water, space heating, or pool heating. Storage of solar energy is usually in the form of heated water. Solar thermal energy is economically efficient, with payback periods of 5-9 years on average. Germany, China, and Turkey have the largest installed solar thermal capacities worldwide.
This document discusses solar energy and the structure and composition of the sun. It provides details on:
1) The core, radiation zone, convection zone, photosphere, chromosphere, transition layer, and corona of the sun and their respective temperatures and densities.
2) The concept of solar constant and how the amount of solar radiation reaching Earth varies with location and seasons.
3) Different types of solar collectors like flat plate and concentrating collectors and their uses for low to high temperature applications.
4) Key angles used in solar energy like the altitude, azimuth, and zenith angles and how they are calculated based on factors like latitude and day of the year.
التعرف على الطاقة المتجددة وانواعها
الطاقة الشمسيه واشهر تطبيقاتها
انواع الخلايا الشمسيه وكفاءتها
مكونات النظام الكهروضوئي (الشمسي)
تصميم منظومات الطاقة شمسية للحمل المنزلي
This document discusses tidal energy and how it works. Tidal energy harnesses the power of tides, which are caused by gravitational forces from the moon and sun. There are two main types of tidal power plants - tidal barrages and tidal current turbines. Tidal barrages are dams built across estuaries or bays, while tidal current turbines use the kinetic energy of moving water like wind turbines use wind. Major tidal plants exist in places like France, India, and South Korea. The document outlines the pros and cons of each tidal power technology and notes tidal energy is a renewable source but installation and maintenance can be challenging.
This document summarizes a solar power tower system. It focuses on concentrating sunlight from an array of sun-tracking mirrors (heliostats) onto a central tower-mounted receiver. The receiver heats a molten salt heat transfer fluid that is then used to generate steam to power a turbine and produce electricity. Thermal energy can also be stored in the molten salt for hours to allow electricity production when solar radiation is unavailable. Examples of commercial solar power tower plants currently in operation are provided.
This document provides an overview of solar energy, including its history, development, technologies, applications, advantages and disadvantages. It discusses how solar cells work by converting sunlight into electricity through the photovoltaic effect. Different types of solar cells and panels are described, as well as the process of installing a solar energy system. Opportunities and challenges of solar power in Pakistan are highlighted, along with various uses of solar energy from heating to transportation.
• Solar resource assessment
• Determination of profitability of a PV plant
• Selection and optimization of the site.
• Selection of components (Inverters, Modules, Protection and Wiring, Grounding, Transformers, Metering, Grid Connection)
• Advanced calculations : Estimated losses; Shading study, etc
• Electrical diagrams
This document summarizes different types of solar thermal power plants. It describes low, medium, and high temperature plants. Low temperature plants use flat plate collectors and operate between 600-1000°C, generating power from fluids like butane. Medium temperature plants use parabolic trough collectors and operate between 250-400°C. High temperature plants include dish collectors and central tower plants using heliostats, operating above 600°C to generate steam power. The document provides details on the systems and processes used in each type of solar thermal power plant.
Energy can be stored in various forms, including chemical energy in batteries. When a battery is connected in a circuit, the stored chemical energy is released as electricity. Energy can also be stored as kinetic energy in moving objects, as potential energy by raising objects vertically, and as latent heat during phase changes of substances like melting ice. However, electricity cannot be stored for long periods, though batteries provide short-term storage. There are also challenges to consistently producing electricity from renewable sources like solar, requiring development of better long-term energy storage solutions.
Concentrating solar thermal technology (1)Urval Chotalia
Concentrating solar thermal technology uses mirrors or lenses to concentrate sunlight onto receivers that collect solar energy and convert it to heat. This heat can then be used to produce electricity via a steam turbine or for other industrial processes. The four main concentrating solar thermal technologies are parabolic troughs, linear Fresnel reflectors, power towers, and parabolic dishes. Concentrating solar thermal power has the benefits of being environmentally friendly, having potential for thermal energy storage, and providing dispatchable power.
Solar power is energy from the sun that can be converted into electricity using photovoltaic or concentrating solar thermal technology. There are advantages like being free and renewable but also disadvantages like requiring significant investment and only working during daylight hours. Solar power is used in many applications from power plants and buildings to gadgets, vehicles, and space stations. Innovation in solar energy continues with technologies like solar windows, containers, and backpacks that harness power from the sun.
This document provides an overview of solar energy, including its history, current applications, and future potential. It discusses how solar energy works and the two key components (collectors and storage). Applications mentioned include solar thermal technologies for water and space heating, electricity production, cooking, process heat, and desalination. The document also reviews various energy storage methods and the development, deployment, and economics of solar power over history.
Application of Capacitors to Distribution System and Voltage RegulationAmeen San
Application of Capacitors to
Distribution System and Voltage
Regulation
POWER FACTOR IMPROVEMENT,
System Harmonics
Voltage Regulation
Methods of Voltage Control
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss CalculationAmeen San
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss
Calculation
Comparison of Overhead Versus Underground System
Power Loss Calculation,Voltage Drop Calculation
1. The document discusses load characteristics that are important for determining power system requirements, planning plant capacity, and selecting generating unit sizes. It defines terms like demand, demand interval, load curves, and load duration curves.
2. Load curves show the load over time, while load duration curves rearrange the loads from highest to lowest. The total load is divided into base, intermediate, and peak loads.
3. The document also defines terms related to load factors like maximum demand, demand factor, average load, load factor, diversity factor, capacity factor, and plant use factor. It provides examples of calculating some of these factors.
This document contains lecture notes on electrical distribution system planning from Dr. A. Arunagiri. It discusses key topics in distribution system planning including factors affecting planning, traditional least cost modeling, demand side planning, the role of computers, and the impact of dispersed storage and generation. It provides examples of different sub-transmission system configurations and distribution system types. The document is divided into numbered pages for a lecture on electrical distribution technology.
The document describes a ladder logic program for controlling a traffic light system. The system has two switches: one to run the system according to one of two modes (normal or flashing), and another to select the mode. In normal mode, lights are green for 5 seconds and red for 5 seconds, with 1 second for yellow. In flashing mode, lights flash on and off independently. The ladder logic program uses timers, switches, and coils to control the lights according to the two modes.
The document outlines four PLC applications for controlling a 3 phase induction motor. The first application uses push buttons S1 and S2 to turn the motor on and off. The second application allows the motor to be turned on using either S3 or S4 and turned off using S1 or S2. The third application reverses the motor direction when S2 or S3 is pressed if S1 is pressed first. The fourth application reverses the motor direction by pressing S2 or S3 without needing to press S1 first.
POWER SYSTEM PROTECTION
Protection Devices and the Lightning,. protection,
Lightning protection, Introduction
Air Break Switches
Disconnect switches
Grounding switches
Current limiting reactors
Grounding transformers
Co-ordination of protective devices
Grounding of electrical installations
Electric shock
Lightning protection
Lightning Arrestor
3. املقالة ابّكت:
• Mark Jacobson
• He is professor of civil and environmental engineering at Stanford University and
director of its Atmosphere and Energy Program.
• Mark Delucchi.
• He is a research scientist at the Institute of Transportation Studies, University of
California.
• Jacobson and Mark Delucchi published “ A Plan to Power 100 Percent of the Planet
With Renewable ” in Scientific American