This document discusses various topics relating to waves and reflection and refraction of light, including:
- The law of reflection, which states that the angle of incidence equals the angle of reflection.
- Reflection can be specular (mirror-like) or diffuse (scattered), depending on whether the surface is smooth or rough.
- Refraction occurs when a wave changes speed as it passes from one medium to another, causing it to change direction. The direction of bending depends on whether the wave speeds up or slows down.
- Snell's law relates the sines of the angles of incidence and refraction to the refractive indices of the two media. The refractive index depends on the frequency
A detailed presentation on fraunhofer diffraction and also an introduction to the concept of diffraction.There is also a brief discussion on fresnel diffraction and the difference between former and the latter.
This topic seems difficult to make a ppt on! But I hope this helps :) Feedbacks or any tips are welcomes. All the best for the presentation or your exam!
JEE Physics/ Lakshmikanta Satapathy/ Wave Optics/ Theory of diffraction/Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction/ maxima and minima/ fringe width/ width of central maximum
A detailed presentation on fraunhofer diffraction and also an introduction to the concept of diffraction.There is also a brief discussion on fresnel diffraction and the difference between former and the latter.
This topic seems difficult to make a ppt on! But I hope this helps :) Feedbacks or any tips are welcomes. All the best for the presentation or your exam!
JEE Physics/ Lakshmikanta Satapathy/ Wave Optics/ Theory of diffraction/Fresnel and Fraunhoffer diffraction/ maxima and minima/ fringe width/ width of central maximum
Reflection and Refraction of light presentation free.
In this presentation I've explained these phenomenon in very detailed and very informative presentation.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2. ReflectionReflection
Law of ReflectionLaw of Reflection
– The angle ofThe angle of
incidence equalsincidence equals
the angle ofthe angle of
reflectionreflection
The incident andThe incident and
reflected rays lie inreflected rays lie in
the same planethe same plane
with the normal.with the normal.
3. Image positionImage position
You think inYou think in
straightstraight
lines!lines!
The image isThe image is
locatedlocated
behind thebehind the
mirror.mirror.
4. Diffuse vs SpecularDiffuse vs Specular
ReflectionReflection
Diffuse ReflectionDiffuse Reflection
– Light incident uponLight incident upon
a rough surfacea rough surface
– Law of reflectionLaw of reflection
still holds; Normalsstill holds; Normals
are not parallel.are not parallel.
Specular ReflectionSpecular Reflection
– Mirror like reflectionMirror like reflection
– All Normals areAll Normals are
parallelparallel
5. RefractionRefraction
Sudden change in direction of a wave asSudden change in direction of a wave as
it changes speed.it changes speed.
– It must enter obliquely to change direction!It must enter obliquely to change direction!
Which direction does it bend as it slows?Which direction does it bend as it slows?
6. RefractionRefraction
In both cases the speed of the wave hasIn both cases the speed of the wave has
decreased. This is indicated by thedecreased. This is indicated by the
decrease in wavelength!decrease in wavelength!
7. RefractionRefraction
In which medium does light travelIn which medium does light travel
faster? (glass rod appears bent)faster? (glass rod appears bent)
8. Speed of lightSpeed of light
v is the speed of lightv is the speed of light
in the new medium.in the new medium.
c= 3.0 x 10c= 3.0 x 1088
m/sm/s
As the index increasesAs the index increases
the speed decrease.the speed decrease.
Draw a graph forDraw a graph for
index vs. speed.index vs. speed.
nn is the absolute indexis the absolute index
of refraction. This is aof refraction. This is a
measure of opticalmeasure of optical
density.density. nn is definedis defined
as the ratio of theas the ratio of the
speed of light in aspeed of light in a
vacuum to the speedvacuum to the speed
of light in a newof light in a new
medium.medium.
9. Relative Index of RefractionRelative Index of Refraction
n is the relative index ofn is the relative index of
refraction. If air is notrefraction. If air is not
used, then rememberused, then remember
nnrelrel = n= n22/n/n11
What is the relative indexWhat is the relative index
when goingwhen going fromfrom
diamonddiamond intointo lucite?lucite?
If nIf nrelrel < 1 ;< 1 ;
speeds upspeeds up
If nIf nrelrel > 1 ;> 1 ;
slows downslows down
10. RefractionRefraction
VVww = 2.26 x 10= 2.26 x 1088
m/sm/s
VVgg = 2.00 x 10= 2.00 x 1088
m/sm/s
Calculate theCalculate the
speed of light inspeed of light in
water and glass.water and glass.
nn(water)(water)=1.33; n=1.33; n(glass)(glass)=1.50; n=1.50; n(air)(air)=1.00=1.00
11. RefractionRefraction
When a wave slows down it bends closer to theWhen a wave slows down it bends closer to the
normal. {less to more – toward} n2>n1normal. {less to more – toward} n2>n1
When a wave speed up it bends away from theWhen a wave speed up it bends away from the
normal. {BLA – Big ―› Little – Away} n2<n1normal. {BLA – Big ―› Little – Away} n2<n1
nn11- from- from
nn22 - into- into
12. RefractionRefraction
If light rays bend closer to the normalIf light rays bend closer to the normal
when slowing down, why does the glasswhen slowing down, why does the glass
rod seem to bend away form the normal?rod seem to bend away form the normal?
13. Apparent DepthApparent Depth
Diverging raysDiverging rays
enter your eyes.enter your eyes.
You “think” inYou “think” in
Straight Lines.Straight Lines.
A virtual imageA virtual image
appears to comeappears to come
from pointfrom point yy
R – Real Depth
A – Apparent Depth
14. Apparent DepthApparent Depth
If the chest is 20 m below theIf the chest is 20 m below the
surface at what depth will the imagesurface at what depth will the image
appear? Assume nappear? Assume nsea watersea water = 1.34= 1.34
16. ExampleExample
A monochromatic light ray f= 5.09 x 10A monochromatic light ray f= 5.09 x 101414
HzHz
is incident on medium X at 55˚. Theis incident on medium X at 55˚. The
absolute index of refraction for material Xabsolute index of refraction for material X
is 1.66is 1.66
1.1. What is material X?What is material X?
2.2. Determine the angleDetermine the angle
of refraction.of refraction.
3.3. Determine theDetermine the
speed of light inspeed of light in
medium X.medium X.
17. Ex: SolutionEx: Solution
The index of 1.66 is Flint GlassThe index of 1.66 is Flint Glass
To find the angle ofTo find the angle of
refraction userefraction use
Snell’s Law.Snell’s Law.
θθ22= 30˚= 30˚
To find the speed useTo find the speed use
n=c/v.n=c/v.
v = 1.8 x 10v = 1.8 x 1088
m/sm/s
18. DispersionDispersion
The breaking up of white light into itsThe breaking up of white light into its
component frequencies.component frequencies.
19. Refractive & FrequencyRefractive & Frequency
The refractive indexThe refractive index
depends on thedepends on the
medium & themedium & the
frequency of light.frequency of light.
Each frequencyEach frequency
“color” propagates at“color” propagates at
a different speed anda different speed and
bends a differentbends a different
amount.amount.
20. Critical AnglesCritical Angles
Def: The angle of incidence when theDef: The angle of incidence when the
angle of refraction is 90 degrees.angle of refraction is 90 degrees.
Only exist when you have the BLA’sOnly exist when you have the BLA’s
– Big to Little AwayBig to Little Away
When a light ray exceeds the criticalWhen a light ray exceeds the critical
angle it undergoes total internalangle it undergoes total internal
reflection (TIR)reflection (TIR)
21. Snell’s Law LabSnell’s Law Lab
What factors effect the index ofWhat factors effect the index of
refraction of a liquid?refraction of a liquid?
Write up a planning A and B for thisWrite up a planning A and B for this
question. (Last IB Assessment)question. (Last IB Assessment)
Research any procedures you mightResearch any procedures you might
want to use when investigating.want to use when investigating.
– I may modify your methods based onI may modify your methods based on
materials we have available.materials we have available.