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Refraction and lenses

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Hossein Mirzaie
Hossein Mirzaie

The document summarizes key concepts from a chapter on refraction and lenses, including how light changes speed and direction when passing through different materials. It explains refraction through Snell's law, total internal reflection, lenses, dispersion, and applications like mirages and rainbows. Concepts are defined and examples are provided to illustrate refractive principles and their practical uses.

Devices & HardwareEducationBusiness
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Refraction and Lenses Chapter 18
Refraction and Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chapter 18 In this chapter you will:
Table of Contents Chapter 18: Refraction and Lenses Section 18.1: Refraction of Light Section 18.2: Convex and Concave Lenses Section 18.3: Application of Lenses Chapter 18
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],In this section you will: Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Snell’s Law of Refraction Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Snell’s Law of Refraction Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Snell’s Law of Refraction Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Snell’s Law of Refraction Section 18.1 ,[object Object]
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],Section 18.1 Snell’s Law of Refraction Snell’s Law of Refraction
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Snell’s Law of Refraction Section 18.1
 
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Snell’s Law of Refraction Section 18.1
Refraction of Light A light beam in air hits a sheet of crown glass at an angle of 30.0°. At what angle is the light beam refracted? Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
Refraction of Light Step 1: Analyze and Sketch the Problem Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
Refraction of Light Make a sketch of the air crown glass boundary. Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
Refraction of Light Draw a ray diagram. Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
Refraction of Light Identify the known and unknown variables. Section 18.1 Known: θ 1 = 30.0 º n 1 = 1.00 n 2 = 1.52 Unknown: θ 2 = ? Angle of Refraction
Refraction of Light Step 2: Solve for the Unknown Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
Refraction of Light Use Snell’s law to solve for the sine of the angle of refraction. Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
Refraction of Light Substitute n 1 = 1.00, n 2 = 1.52, θ 1 = 30.0 ° Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
Refraction of Light Step 3: Evaluate the Answer Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],The steps covered were: Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Wave Model of Refraction Section 18.1
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Refraction of Light Wave Model of Refraction Section 18.1
[object Object],[object Object],Refraction of Light Wave Model of Refraction Section 18.1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],Refraction of Light Wave Model of Refraction Section 18.1 ,[object Object]
[object Object],Refraction of Light Section 18.1 ,[object Object],Wave Model of Refraction
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],Wave Model of Refraction Section 18.1 ,[object Object]
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],Wave Model of Refraction Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],Index of Refraction Section 18.1 ,[object Object],[object Object]
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],Index of Refraction Section 18.1 ,[object Object], Index of Refraction
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Index of Refraction Section 18.1
Refraction of Light Total Internal Reflection Section 18.1 Click image to view movie.
[object Object],Section 18.1 Refraction of Light Total Internal Reflection ,[object Object],Critical angle for total internal reflection
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 18.1 Refraction of Light Total Internal Reflection
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 18.1 Refraction of Light Total Internal Reflection
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Refraction of Light Total Internal Reflection Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Mirages Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Mirages Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Mirages Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Mirages Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Dispersion of Light Section 18.1
[object Object],Refraction of Light Dispersion of Light Section 18.1
[object Object],[object Object],Refraction of Light Dispersion of Light Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Dispersion of Light Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Rainbows Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Rainbows Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Rainbows Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Rainbows Section 18.1
Refraction of Light ,[object Object],[object Object],Rainbows Section 18.1
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Refraction of Light Rainbows Section 18.1
[object Object],[object Object],Refraction of Light Rainbows Section 18.1
Section Check ,[object Object],Question 1 Section 18.1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Section Check ,[object Object],Answer 1 Section 18.1 Reason: When light passes from one medium to another, its path bends due to refraction. As light waves travel along the surface of water, the boundary between air and water moves up and down, and tilts back and forth. The path of light leaving the water shifts as the boundary moves, causing objects under the surface to appear waver.
Section Check ,[object Object],Question 2 Section 18.1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Section Check ,[object Object],Answer 2 Section 18.1 Reason: Total internal reflection occurs when light traveling from a region of higher index of refraction to a region of lower index of refraction strikes the boundary at an angle greater than the critical angle such that all light reflects back into the region of higher index of refraction.
Section Check ,[object Object],Question 3 Section 18.1 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Section Check ,[object Object],Answer 3 Section 18.1 Reason: The surface of water acts like a mirror. Hence, when a swimmer is underwater, the light from the swimmer’s body is not transmitted from the water into the air, but is reflected back into the water. Therefore, we cannot see the swimmer from the opposite side of the pool.
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],In this section you will: Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],Types of Lenses Section 18.2 ,[object Object]
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],Types of Lenses Section 18.2 ,[object Object]
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],Types of Lenses Section 18.2 ,[object Object]
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Types of Lenses Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Lens Equations Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],Lens Equations Section 18.2 ,[object Object]
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Lens Equations Section 18.2 ,[object Object]
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Using the Equations for Lenses Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Using the Equations for Lenses Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Using the Equations for Lenses Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Convex Lenses and Real Images Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Convex Lenses and Real Images Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses Ray Diagrams Section 18.2 Click image to view movie.
Convex and Concave Lenses An object is placed 32.0 cm from a convex lens that has a focal length of 8.0 cm. Section 18.2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
Convex and Concave Lenses Step 1: Analyze and Sketch the Problem Section 18.2 An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
Convex and Concave Lenses An Image Formed by a Convex Lens Sketch the situation, locating the object and the lens. Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses An Image Formed by a Convex Lens Draw the two principal rays. Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses An Image Formed by a Convex Lens Identify the known and unknown variables. Section 18.2 Known: d o = 32.0 cm h o = 3.0 cm f = 8.0 cm Unknown: d i = ? h i = ?
Convex and Concave Lenses Step 2: Solve for the Unknown An Image Formed by a Convex Lens Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses Use the thin lens equation to determine d i . Section 18.2 An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
Convex and Concave Lenses Substitute f = 8.0 cm, d o = 32.0 cm Section 18.2 11 cm away from the lens on the side opposite the object An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
Convex and Concave Lenses Use the magnification equation and solve for image height. Section 18.2 An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
Convex and Concave Lenses Substitute d i = 11 cm, h o = 3.0 cm, d o = 32.0 cm Section 18.2 The negative sign means that the image is inverted. An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
Convex and Concave Lenses Step 3: Evaluate the Answer Section 18.2 An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Section 18.2 An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Convex and Concave Lenses The steps covered were: Section 18.2 An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Convex and Concave Lenses The steps covered were: Section 18.2 An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Convex Lenses and Virtual Images Section 18.2
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Convex and Concave Lenses Convex Lenses and Virtual Images Section 18.2
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Convex and Concave Lenses Convex Lenses and Virtual Images Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Section 18.2 Convex Lenses and Virtual Images
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Concave Lenses Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Concave Lenses Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Concave Lenses Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Concave Lenses Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Concave Lenses Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Concave Lenses Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Defects of Spherical Lenses Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Spherical Aberration Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Spherical Aberration Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Chromatic Aberration Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Chromatic Aberration Section 18.2 ,[object Object]
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Chromatic Aberration Section 18.2
Convex and Concave Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],Chromatic Aberration Section 18.2
Section Check ,[object Object],Question 1 Section 18.2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Section Check ,[object Object],Answer 1 Section 18.2 Reason: For the purpose of locating the image, you only need to use two rays. Ray 1 is parallel to the principle axis. It refracts and passes through F on the other side of the lens. Ray 2 passes through F on its way to the lens.
Section Check ,[object Object],Question 2 Section 18.2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Section Check ,[object Object],Answer 2 Section 18.2 Reason: If an object is placed at a distance equal to twice the focal length of a convex lens, an inverted image will be produced at 2F. The size of the image will be the same as the size of the object as shown in the following ray diagram.
Section Check ,[object Object],Question 3 Section 18.2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Section Check ,[object Object],Answer 3 Section 18.2 Reason: When an object is placed between F and 2F, a real image is produced that is inverted and bigger as compared to the object. This is shown in the following figure.
Application of Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],In this section you will: Section 18.3
Application of Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Lenses in Eyes Section 18.3
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Lenses in Eyes Section 18.3
Application of Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Focusing Images Section 18.3
Application of Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Focusing Images Section 18.3
Application of Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Nearsightedness and Farsightedness Section 18.3
Application of Lenses ,[object Object],Nearsightedness and Farsightedness Section 18.3 ,[object Object]
Application of Lenses ,[object Object],Nearsightedness and Farsightedness Section 18.3
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Nearsightedness and Farsightedness Section 18.3 ,[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Nearsightedness and Farsightedness Section 18.3
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Refracting Telescopes Section 18.3
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Refracting Telescopes Section 18.3
[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Refracting Telescopes Section 18.3
Application of Lenses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Refracting Telescopes Section 18.3
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Binoculars Section 18.3
[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Binoculars Section 18.3
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Cameras Section 18.3
[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Cameras Section 18.3
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Microscopes Section 18.3
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Microscopes Section 18.3
[object Object],[object Object],Application of Lenses Microscopes Section 18.3
Section Check ,[object Object],Question 1 Section 18.3
Section Check ,[object Object],Answer 1 Section 18.3
Section Check ,[object Object],Question 2 Section 18.3
Section Check ,[object Object],[object Object],Answer 2 Section 18.3
Section Check ,[object Object],Question 3 Section 18.3
Section Check ,[object Object],Answer 3 Section 18.3
End of Chapter Refraction and Lenses Chapter 18
Refraction of Light Angle of Refraction A light beam in air hits a sheet of crown glass at an angle of 30.0°. At what angle is the light beam refracted? Section 18.1 Click the Back button to return to original slide.
Convex and Concave Lenses An Image Formed by a Convex Lens An object is placed 32.0 cm from a convex lens that has a focal length of 8.0 cm. Section 18.2 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Click the Back button to return to original slide.

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Refraction and lenses

  • 2.
  • 3. Table of Contents Chapter 18: Refraction and Lenses Section 18.1: Refraction of Light Section 18.2: Convex and Concave Lenses Section 18.3: Application of Lenses Chapter 18
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  • 13. Refraction of Light A light beam in air hits a sheet of crown glass at an angle of 30.0°. At what angle is the light beam refracted? Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
  • 14. Refraction of Light Step 1: Analyze and Sketch the Problem Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
  • 15. Refraction of Light Make a sketch of the air crown glass boundary. Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
  • 16. Refraction of Light Draw a ray diagram. Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
  • 17. Refraction of Light Identify the known and unknown variables. Section 18.1 Known: θ 1 = 30.0 º n 1 = 1.00 n 2 = 1.52 Unknown: θ 2 = ? Angle of Refraction
  • 18. Refraction of Light Step 2: Solve for the Unknown Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
  • 19. Refraction of Light Use Snell’s law to solve for the sine of the angle of refraction. Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
  • 20. Refraction of Light Substitute n 1 = 1.00, n 2 = 1.52, θ 1 = 30.0 ° Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
  • 21. Refraction of Light Step 3: Evaluate the Answer Section 18.1 Angle of Refraction
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  • 34. Refraction of Light Total Internal Reflection Section 18.1 Click image to view movie.
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  • 73. Convex and Concave Lenses Ray Diagrams Section 18.2 Click image to view movie.
  • 74.
  • 75. Convex and Concave Lenses Step 1: Analyze and Sketch the Problem Section 18.2 An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
  • 76. Convex and Concave Lenses An Image Formed by a Convex Lens Sketch the situation, locating the object and the lens. Section 18.2
  • 77. Convex and Concave Lenses An Image Formed by a Convex Lens Draw the two principal rays. Section 18.2
  • 78. Convex and Concave Lenses An Image Formed by a Convex Lens Identify the known and unknown variables. Section 18.2 Known: d o = 32.0 cm h o = 3.0 cm f = 8.0 cm Unknown: d i = ? h i = ?
  • 79. Convex and Concave Lenses Step 2: Solve for the Unknown An Image Formed by a Convex Lens Section 18.2
  • 80. Convex and Concave Lenses Use the thin lens equation to determine d i . Section 18.2 An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
  • 81. Convex and Concave Lenses Substitute f = 8.0 cm, d o = 32.0 cm Section 18.2 11 cm away from the lens on the side opposite the object An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
  • 82. Convex and Concave Lenses Use the magnification equation and solve for image height. Section 18.2 An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
  • 83. Convex and Concave Lenses Substitute d i = 11 cm, h o = 3.0 cm, d o = 32.0 cm Section 18.2 The negative sign means that the image is inverted. An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
  • 84. Convex and Concave Lenses Step 3: Evaluate the Answer Section 18.2 An Image Formed by a Convex Lens
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  • 138. End of Chapter Refraction and Lenses Chapter 18
  • 139. Refraction of Light Angle of Refraction A light beam in air hits a sheet of crown glass at an angle of 30.0°. At what angle is the light beam refracted? Section 18.1 Click the Back button to return to original slide.
  • 140.