Light waves superimpose each other and the redistribution of energy due to this can be observed in terms of well defined patterns of maxima and minima. Wherein, maxima refers to more energy and minima refers to less energy. Diffraction can also be called as interference in secondary wavelets.
This article discusses the basics of Interference phenomenon of light. Young's Double Slit Experiment is discussed to understand the phenomenon of Interference and also to understand the wave behaviour of light. Newton's Ring experiment, Lloyd's Mirror experiment, Fresnel's Biprism experiment are studued here to establish the wave nature of light. Also the bright and the dark fringes and there mathematical expressions are elaborated here in this article.
A detailed presentation on fraunhofer diffraction and also an introduction to the concept of diffraction.There is also a brief discussion on fresnel diffraction and the difference between former and the latter.
Light waves superimpose each other and the redistribution of energy due to this can be observed in terms of well defined patterns of maxima and minima. Wherein, maxima refers to more energy and minima refers to less energy. Diffraction can also be called as interference in secondary wavelets.
This article discusses the basics of Interference phenomenon of light. Young's Double Slit Experiment is discussed to understand the phenomenon of Interference and also to understand the wave behaviour of light. Newton's Ring experiment, Lloyd's Mirror experiment, Fresnel's Biprism experiment are studued here to establish the wave nature of light. Also the bright and the dark fringes and there mathematical expressions are elaborated here in this article.
A detailed presentation on fraunhofer diffraction and also an introduction to the concept of diffraction.There is also a brief discussion on fresnel diffraction and the difference between former and the latter.
The chapter gives knowledge about the fundamentals, theory and applications of optical fiber for the first year Engineering level students. The material is most suitable for the students of first year B.E. and B.Tech.
Polarization of Light and its Application (healthkura.com)Bikash Sapkota
Download link ❤❤https://healthkura.com/eye-ppt/29/❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com/eye-ppt/ ❤❤❤
polarization of light & its application.
PRESENTATION LAYOUT
Concept of Polarization
Types of Polarization
Methods of achieving Polarization
Applications of Polarization
POLARIZATION
Transforming unpolarized light into polarized light
Restriction of electric field vector E in a particular plane so that vibration occurs in a single plane
Characteristic of transverse wave
Longitudinal waves can’t be polarized; direction of their oscillation is along the direction of propagation.............
For Further Reading
•Optics by Tunnacliffe
•Optics and Refraction by A.K. Khurana
•Principle of Physics, Ayam Publication
•Internet
Laser diode have to have a specific architecture in order to optimize the laser light leaving the waveguide. There are various factors that are to be precisely noted and put into certain equations in order to calculate the differential quantum efficiency and to improvise the design of the diode lasers. The slides explain about reservoir analogy, threshold and gain and photon density as well as carrier density rate equations. Glad if it helps :)
This article discusses the principle of interferometry. The definition of the term along with its applications are stated in this article. Five most common type of interferometers viz. Michelson Interferometer, Mach-Zahnder Interferometer, Fabry Perot Interferometer, Sagnac Interferometer and Fiber Interferometer are discussed in detial in this article.
Resolution is the distance at which a lens can barely distinguish two separate objects.
Resolution is limited by aberrations and by diffraction. Aberrations can be minimized, but diffraction is unavoidable; it is due to the size of the lens compared to the wavelength of the light.
The chapter gives knowledge about the fundamentals, theory and applications of optical fiber for the first year Engineering level students. The material is most suitable for the students of first year B.E. and B.Tech.
Polarization of Light and its Application (healthkura.com)Bikash Sapkota
Download link ❤❤https://healthkura.com/eye-ppt/29/❤❤
Dear viewers Check Out my other piece of works at ❤❤❤ https://healthkura.com/eye-ppt/ ❤❤❤
polarization of light & its application.
PRESENTATION LAYOUT
Concept of Polarization
Types of Polarization
Methods of achieving Polarization
Applications of Polarization
POLARIZATION
Transforming unpolarized light into polarized light
Restriction of electric field vector E in a particular plane so that vibration occurs in a single plane
Characteristic of transverse wave
Longitudinal waves can’t be polarized; direction of their oscillation is along the direction of propagation.............
For Further Reading
•Optics by Tunnacliffe
•Optics and Refraction by A.K. Khurana
•Principle of Physics, Ayam Publication
•Internet
Laser diode have to have a specific architecture in order to optimize the laser light leaving the waveguide. There are various factors that are to be precisely noted and put into certain equations in order to calculate the differential quantum efficiency and to improvise the design of the diode lasers. The slides explain about reservoir analogy, threshold and gain and photon density as well as carrier density rate equations. Glad if it helps :)
This article discusses the principle of interferometry. The definition of the term along with its applications are stated in this article. Five most common type of interferometers viz. Michelson Interferometer, Mach-Zahnder Interferometer, Fabry Perot Interferometer, Sagnac Interferometer and Fiber Interferometer are discussed in detial in this article.
Resolution is the distance at which a lens can barely distinguish two separate objects.
Resolution is limited by aberrations and by diffraction. Aberrations can be minimized, but diffraction is unavoidable; it is due to the size of the lens compared to the wavelength of the light.
This article speaks about the optical phenomenon of diffraction. The terms related to it. This article explains the principle of diffraction and provides a comprehensive understanding for the students of optics.
MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD
CLASS XI AND XII
PHYSICS
CHAPTER 7
WAVE OPTICS
CONTENT:
Huygen's principle.
Huygen's principles & proof of laws of reflection/refraction.
Condition for construction & destruction of coherent waves.
Young's double slit experiment.
Modified Young's double slit experiment.
Intensity of light in Y.D.S.E.
Diffraction due to single slit.
Polarisation & doppler effect.
Physics Investigated Project for CBSE Class 12
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( INCLUDING COVER PAGE, CERTIFICATE, AKNOWLEDGEMENT,INDEX, THEORY AND BIBLIOGRAPHY)
The slide is about single slit diffraction. this slide gives a complete presentataion on the same. it also contains interesting pictures to get a better idea of the topic.
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it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
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The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
Diffraction
1.
2. When waves encounter obstacles, the bending
of waves around the edges of an obstacle is cal
led “DIFFRACTION”.
S
A
B
3. Huygen’s principle requires that
the waves spread out after
they pass through Slits.
This spreading out of light
from its initial line of travel
is called diffraction
◦
In general, diffraction occurs
when wave pass through
◦
small openings, around
◦
obstacles or by sharp edges
DIFFRACTION
4. Here we have a source s emitting waves having
plane wavefronts.
As the wavefronts pass through the slit ab, they
are diffracted and are able to reach even those
regions behind ab which they would be unable
to reach had the rays not bended.
One more thing to be noted here is that the
shape of the wavefronts change as they pass
through the slit.
The reason for this bending can be explained
with the help of huygens principle.
6. Huygen’s principle:
Each particle lying on any wavefront acts as an independent
secondary source and emits from itself secondary spherical
waves. After a very small time interval, the surface tangential to
all these spherical wavelets, gives the position and shape of the
new wavefront.
It will be more clear from the following example of plane
wavefronts.
Let p1,p2,p3,…pn be points very close to each other and
equidistant from each other on the plane incident wavefront.
7. To obtain the new wavefront we consider p1,p2,..Pn as
independent sources and circular arcs with same radius
from each of these points.
Now the plane a’ tangential to all these imaginary surfaces
gives the new wavefront.
We move on to using huygen’s principle for explanation of
diffraction.
The dimensions of the slit are finite. As a result, applying
huygen’s principle we can say that the new wavefront
obtained will be something.
A A’
P1
P2
P3
P4
PN
8. Types of diffraction
There are two types of diffraction.
1)Fresnal diffraction
2)fraunhoffer diffraction
10.
Relation of Fresnel diffraction to Fraunhofer diffraction by a single slit
Fresnel Fraunhofer
Parallel rays
11. When the distance between the slit ab and so
urce of light s as well as between slit ab and t
he screen is finite, the diffraction is called Fre
snal diffraction.
In Fresnal diffraction the waves are either sph
erical or cylindrical.
12. If light incident on slit ab is coming from inf
inite distance, the distance between obstacl
e a and screen c is infinite, the diffraction is
called Fraunhofer diffraction.
In Fraunhofer diffraction the incident waves
should have plane wavefronts.
13. X-rays have wavelengt
hs comparable to atom
ic sizes and spacings,
about 10–10 m
Crystals and molecules
reflect X-rays in specifi
c patterns depending o
n their structures X-ray diffraction pattern of myoglobin
16. Bragg’s Law
• W. H. Bragg and W. L. Bragg, 1913 (Nobel 1915)
• Condition for constructive interference:
2dsinθ = nλ
• Diffraction from different sets of planes in the cr
ystal gives a picture of the overall structure
17. We have seen how we can get an interferenc
e pattern when there are two slits. We will
also get an interference pattern with a sing
le slit provided it’s size is approximately l
(neither too small nor too large)
17
Light
18. To understand single slit diffraction, we must consider e
ach point along the slit (of width a) to be a point sourc
e of light. There will be a path difference between ligh
t leaving the top of the slit and the light leaving the mi
ddle. This path difference will yield an interference pat
tern.
Path difference of rays to P from top and bottom edge of
slit
DL = a sinq destructive if
DL = ml,
m=1,2,…
18
Light
P
q
(a/2) sinq
s
i
n
=
m
a
(
m
1
,2
.
.
.
)
D
e
s
t
r
u
c
t
i
v
e
ql
19. 19
Notice that central maxim
um is twice as wide as
secondary maxima
Sinq = m l / W, Destructi
ve
Dark Fringes on screen
y = L tanq L (ml/W)
Maxima occur for y= 0 an
d,
y L (m1/2)(l/W)
m=1
m=-1
L