International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Vol 2 Issue 2

International Journal of
Environmental Planning
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IJEPD
Jul–Dec 2016
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International Journal of Environmental
Planning and Development
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EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Sutapa Das
Department of Architecture, Indian Institute of
Technology Kharagpur, India
Dr. Prakash Vinayak Durge
Department of Civil Engineering, College of
Engineering & Tecnology Akola, India
Dr. Adesoji David Jiboye
Department of Architecture, Obafemi Awolowo
University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Dr. Rajindra Kumar Pandit
Department of Architecture, Madhav Institute
of Technology & Science, Gwalior, India
Dr. Kailash M. Rao
Department of Architecture, Manipal University,
India
Dr. Yogesh K. Garg
Maulana Azad National Institute of
Technology, Bhopal, India
Dr. Mohd Fairuz Shahidan
University Putra Malaysia,
Malaysia
Dr. Tim Tse
Department of Civil and Environmental
Engineering, The Hong Kong University of
Science and Technology, China
Dr. V. Subbiah
Hindustan University, India
Dr. Bibhuti Bhusan Mukharjee
Department of Civil Engineering, Veer
Surendra Sai University of Technology
(VSSUT), Burla, India
Kerstin Frick
Hindustan University, India
Dr. Jagdish Singh
Maulana Azad National Institute of
Technology, Bhopal, India
Dr. Ajay Bharti
North Eastern Regional Institute of Science and
Technology, India
Dr. M. V. Molykutty
B.S.Abdur Rahman University,
India
Dr. sohail Ayub
Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh (Uttar
Prdesh), India
Dr. B.S. Bhooshan,
BMS College of Engineering, Bangalore BSB
Architects, Bangalore and Mysore, India
Ms Sharmin Khan,
Assistant Professor, Department of Architecture,
Z.H.C.E.T., AMU, Aligarh, India
Fazli Farhan Mohammad Fazli,
Aligarh Muslim University (A Central
Government Institution) India
Dr. Tarun Kumar Lohani,
Orissa Engineering College, Bhubaneswar,
India
Mr. Joystu Dutta
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Environmental
Sciences, Sarguja University, Ambikapur
Nancy Jain
Department of Civil Engineering, ITMGOI,
Gwalior, MP
Dr. Ashwani Kumar
Malaviya National Institute of Technology
Jaipur,India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
journal, International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development. This journal
is part of the Architecture, and is devoted to the scope of present Architecture issues, from
theoreticalaspectstoapplication-dependentstudiesand thevalidationofemergingtechnologies.
This new journal was planned and established to represent the growing needs of Environmental Planning as
an emerging and increasingly vital field, now widely recognized as an integral part of scientific and
technical investigations. Its mission is to become a voice of the Architectural community, addressing
researchers andpractitionersinthisarea.
The core vision of International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development in Journals Pub is to
propagate novel awareness and know-how for the profit of mankind ranging from the academic and
professional research societies to industry practitioners in a range of topics in Environmental Planning and
Development in general. Journals Pub acts as a pathfinder for the scientific community to published their
papers atexcellently,well-time&successfully.
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development focuses on original high-quality
research in the realm of Mitigation and preventive measures, Techniques of measurement of water, soil, air
and noisepollution,Auditingandrisk assessment, Environmentaldesign,Eco-sufficiencyetc.
The Journal is intended as a forum for practitioners and researchers to share the techniques of Architecture
and InfrastructurePlanningandsolutionsinthearea.
Many scientists and researchers have contributed to the creation and the success of the Environmental
Planning community. We are very thankful to everybody within that community who supported the idea of
creating an innovative platform. We are certain that this issue will be followed by many others, reporting
newdevelopmentsinthefieldofEnvironmentalPlanningand Development.
This issue would not have been possible without the great support of the Editorial Board members, and we
would like to express our sincere thanks to all of them. We would also like to express our gratitude to the
editorialstaffofJournalsPub,who supported us ateverystageoftheproject.
It is our hope that this fine collection of articles will be a valuable resource forArchitectural readers and will
stimulatefurtherresearchintothevibrantareaofEnvironmentalPlanningand Development.
PuneetMehrotra
ManagingDirector

1. Estimation of Source Strength of Air Pollutants for Point, Line, and Area Sources
Akshey Bhargava, Sugandha Rastogi 1
2. A Review of Environment Responsive Consumer Durables and Study of India's Challenge and Perspective
Towards Manufacturing and Consuming
Abhinav Gupta 11
3. Benefits of Decentralized System of Wastewater Management in Context to Indian Urban Centres
Gagan Kumar Tanwar 16
4. Study and Analysis of Bioaerosols for Environment and Living Beings
Sonal Jain 21
5. Technological Options for the Control of Industrial Air Pollution – Special Reference to Ventury Scrubber
Akshey Bhargava, Prachi Bhajipale 42
Contents

IJEPD (2016) 1-10 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Estimation of Source Strength of Air Pollutants for Point, Line,
and Area Sources
Akshey Bhargava1
, Sugandha Rastogi2
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Global Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India
2
Environmental Studies and Resource Management, TERI University, Delhi, India
ABSTRACT
Source strength of air pollutant release from point, line and area sources is very important as
an input to Air dispersion models used for different category of sources. Such a source
strength is worked out based on amount of fuel consumption, raw materials, emission factors,
actual monitored observations of air pollutant emissions. The more precise is source strength
of air pollutants, more compatible will be the predicted concentration of air pollutants on
receptor locations using well established air dispersion models since these models help in
understanding the relationship between the magnitudes of emissions at source with the
concentrations at different receptor points at ground level.
Keywords: air dispersion models, air pollutants, source strength
INTRODUCTION
Source strength is very important for any
air dispersion model to predict
reproducible results with least degree of
variation. Its estimation should therefore
be highly precise and accurate under all
operating conditions. The units for source
strengths are different for line, point and
area sources. There are as under:
Sources Units
Point sources g/second
Line sources g/m. second
Area sources g/sq.meter.second
(A) Estimation of source strength from
point sources:
The source strengths from point sources
can be estimated with the use of following
three criteria's[1–3]
:
(1) Based on volumetric concentration of
pollutants (mg/Nm3
)
(2) Based on composition of combustible
fuel.
(3) Based on Emission factors of industry
specific
1. Based on volumetric concentrations
(mg/Nm3
)
In this case, the concentrations of
pollutants are to be monitored at the site
under all operating conditions and with
full capacity of the plant. Preferable,
hourly or 3 hourly monitoring over a span
of 24 hours should be done including the
monitory during start-up period. The
maximum concentration observed should
be considered for the air dispersion model
as an input. Following formula may be
used for estimation of source strength:
S = C × V × 10–3
g/s
where S is the source strength in g/s, C the
volumetric concentration of pollutant in

IJEPD (2016) 11–15 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 11
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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A Review of Environment Responsive Consumer Durables and
Study of India’s Challenge and Perspective Towards
Manufacturing and Consuming
Abhinav Gupta*
SRM University, Haryana, India
ABSTRACT
Consumer durables are a category of consumable products that do not have to be purchased
frequently because they are made to last for long time (Normally more than three or four
years).They are also called durable goods/items or durables. Consumer goods are often
divided into two categories: durables and nondurables. When we talk about todays’ era
green manufacturing is becoming competitive strategy. The transformation journey to Green
manufacturing has just started. While there are a few early adopters, the industry at large
needs to develop comprehensive plans to address all three areas – Green energy, Green
products and Green processes. The Government has to play an effective facilitator role in
this transformation with both stronger incentives on one hand and regulatory mechanisms on
the other. The industry associations can bring the different stakeholders together and support
the rollout of a communication strategy.
Keywords: consumer durables, green products
INTRODUCTION
Consumer durables are a category of
consumable products that do not have to
be purchased frequently because they are
made to last for long time (normally more
than three or four years). They are also
called durable goods/ items or durables.
Consumer goods are often divided into
two categories: durables and non-
durables.[1–3]
“Consumer durables can be broadly
categorized into the following 3 heads1
:
(1) White Goods: White goods mainly
include air conditioners, refrigerators,
washing machines, audio equipments
and speakers.
1
http://info.shine.com/industry/consumer-
durables/21.html
(2) Brown Goods: This kind of consumer
durables mostly include kitchen
appliances like chimneys, electric fans,
grinders, iron, microwave ovens,
mixers and varied other cooking
ranges.
(3) Consumer Electronics: Some of the
mostly used consumer electronic goods
are DVD players, MP3 players, mobile
telephones, telephones, VCD players,
etc.”
INDIAN INDUSTRY
India’s consumer durables industry is
valued at $9.7 billion as of 2015. This
sector is expected to grow to $20.6 billion

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Benefits of Decentralized System of Wastewater Management in
Context to Indian Urban Centres
Gagan Kumar Tanwar*
Department of Architecture and Planning, Malaviya National Institute of Technology, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT
As we all know, sources of freshwater are critical now-a-days in many of the urban centres.
Most of the metropolitan cities in India are having high water scarcity and high potential of
growth. In addition to water demand problem, rivers are being polluted with the dumping of
untreated water in it and regular extraction of groundwater is lowering the groundwater
level of cities. One of the potential and important solutions for this problem of water shortage
is reducing the water demand through use of recycled water. Decentralized system of
wastewater treatment can provide high quality, recycled water on site. In this paper, we have
analysed the different aspects of decentralized system of wastewater management and figured
out the suitability for decentralized system of wastewater treatment. Additionally, the life
cycle global warming impacts of both the systems i.e. centralized and decentralized systems,
including sewage collection have been analysed to comprehensively evaluate their impacts.
This paper will tell the economic and environmental benefits of optimising the size of
decentralized system of wastewater management and have come to plan for wastewater
layout of city with the optimisation of decentralized system of wastewater management. With
the information and studies done in this paper, we will be able to meet the sustainable design
challenges of the future.
Keywords: decentralized system, wastewater management, reuse.
INTRODUCTION
The population of the world is expected to
cross nine billion in 2050 or even before
2050. The population living in the urban
areas may increase twice and will be
double from current population of 3.4
billion to 6.4 billion before 2050 and the
population of people living in slums will
rise even at faster pace. It is expected that
1.6 billion people will live by the coast
2050.
The lack of available infrastructure and
management system for the increasing
volume of wastewater is the one of the
major reason behind the water crises in the
world.[1–3]
The use of fresh water in producing our
food is 70 to 90% and it much of its water
to the environment with contaminants and
nutrients in it.
The wastewater we produce through
domestic as well as industrial contaminates
the sources of fresh water and affects the
coastal ecosystem. It directly or indirectly
affects the food production, need of
drinking water and other domestic needs
plus it’s an important environmental issue.
The data shows that up to 90% of
wastewater dumps untreated in natural
sources and it contributes to growing
marine dead zones, this dead zone already
cover about huge area of 2,45,000 km2
.

IJEPD (2016) 21-41 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 21
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Study and Analysis of Bioaerosols for
Environment and Living Beings
Sonal Jain*
Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Banasthali University, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT
Air particulates associated with biological origins are termed as bioaerosols. These
Bioaerosols consist of different species of bacteria, fungi, pollen and spores etc. Airborne
bacteria and fungi can be toxigenic, allergenic and infectious. The study was designed to
enumerate the bioaerosols concentration and to investigate the influence of pathogenic
aeroallergens on respiratory health status of occupants at different land use (commercial,
dumping and vegetated zones) configuration at university of Delhi. Study focuses on the
presence of pathogenicity of air-borne microbes which gets inhaled in the upper respiratory
tract and triggers the exacerbation of COPD. The different prevailing meteorological
conditions were also measured to gauge optimum conditions for growth and proliferation of
bioaerosols.
Keywords: bioaerosols, bio-waste, environmental impact, Gram-staining
INTRODUCTION
Many areas of the world still suffer from
extreme load of air pollution, with annual
concentrations of total suspended particles
(TSP) above 400 µg/m3
in some Chinese
and Indian cities in the 1990s
(Kabir,2001). According to Solomon 2011
report, air pollution’s effects on health
have amassed an impressive literature that
documented from several relevant
disciplines including toxicology, human
exposure assessment, and epidemiology.
The time-series approach investigates
associations between short-term changes
in pollution levels with short-term changes
in acute health outcomes, and it has been
applied widely to investigate the health
effects associated with exposure to
airborne particulate matter (PM) and other
pollutants(bartonova,2010) The United
Nations Environment Programme,2002
(UNEP) has estimated that globally 1.1
billion people breathe unhealthy air.
Principally, the constituents of air
pollution in different parts of the world are
largely similar, but the magnitude of
exposure, general health status of the
people, nutritional and other disparities
and the level of health care facilities are
different across the globe.
These inherent differences make
extrapolation of findings (from one site to
another site) more questionable.[1]
METHODOLOGY
The study has been broadly divided into
three parts:
 Air quality analysis
 Pulmonary health analysis through
spirometry and swab culture
 Survey through questionnaire
Study Area: Delhi
Delhi is situated in the northern part of
India having geographical location 28.58N

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Technological Options for the Control of Industrial Air Pollution
– Special Reference to Ventury Scrubber
Akshey Bhargava1
, Prachi Bhajipale2,3
1
Department of Civil Engineering, Global Institute of Engineering and Technology, Hyderabad, India
2
Environmental Sciences (Human Health & Ecosystems), Brunel University, UK
3
Pollution Control Technology, Bharati Vidyapeeth, India
ABSTRACT
Air pollution is assuming significant and rather alarming dimensions particularly in Urban
and Industrial areas and as such need to be controlled at the source of air pollution.
Industrial air pollution is generally controlled by installing electrostatic precipitators, bag
filters, multi cones and cyclones, scrubbers, etc. for particulate matters control and wet
Scrubbers of different types, adsorption, oxidation and reduction techniques and so on so
forth for the control of gaseous air pollution. Pollution due to suspended particulate matter
(SPM) is very common and caused particularly on account of vehicular and industrial
emissions. These particulate matters are classified as setlleable, suspended and respirable in
nature. An effort has been made in the present research paper by the authors to explain
briefly different air pollution control systems with special reference to design of Ventury
Scrubber to control air pollutant emissions.
Keywords: air pollution, air pollution control equipment, industrial emissions
INTRODUCTION
The term “Air Pollution” is used to
describe substances that are artificially
introduced in to the air in the form of gases
and airborne particles which, in excess, are
harmful to human health, buildings and
ecosystems. Air pollution is mainly caused
by combustion of fossil fuel, processing of
materials and decomposition of organic
matters.
The main source of air pollution is from
industrial activities, transport sector, house
hold fuel burning, and other commercial
activities. The Authors of the present paper
high light source control of air pollutants
released from industrial activities. An
effort has been made in the present paper
to briefly describe control of particulate
matter and gases containing air pollution
with main emphasis on design of the Air
Pollution Control Systems, the details of
which are as under.[1–5]
AIR POLLUTION CONTROL
SYSTEMS
Particulate Matter control
There are various air pollution control
equipment for the control of dust
emissions depending upon particle size,
minimum loading, desired efficiency,
typical velocity, maximum gas pressure
drop, and space requirements.
These control equipment’s are dry
collectors, as well as, wet collectors
depending upon the basic characterization
of gas and local conditions. These dry
collecting devices are as under:

International Journal of Environmental Planning and Development Vol 2 Issue 2

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