intersection are the space in which more than 2 roads crosses.types of road intersection,grade separated and at grade separated intersection.
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Friction Considerations : The friction of skid resistance between vehicle tyre and pavement surface is one of the factors determining the operating speed and the minimum distance requires for stopping of vehicles.
Unevenness : The longitudinal profile of the road pavement has to be even' in order to provide a good riding comfort to fast moving vehicles
Light Reflecting Characteristics : Night visibility depends upon the colour and light reflecting characteristics of the pavement surface. The glare caused by the reflection of head lights is considerably high on wet pavement surface than on the dry pavement.
Drainage of Surface Water
intersection are the space in which more than 2 roads crosses.types of road intersection,grade separated and at grade separated intersection.
intersection road
intersection tv series
the intersection grand rapids events
point of intersection calculator
intersection movie
intersection 1994
intersection season 4 on netflix
intersection grand rapids
at grade intersection, channelized intersection, diamond intersection, different types of road intersection, directional intersection, grade separated intersection, otary intersection, partial coverleaf intersection, road intersection definition, road intersection diagrams, roadway intersection types, trumpet intersection, un channelized intersection
Friction Considerations : The friction of skid resistance between vehicle tyre and pavement surface is one of the factors determining the operating speed and the minimum distance requires for stopping of vehicles.
Unevenness : The longitudinal profile of the road pavement has to be even' in order to provide a good riding comfort to fast moving vehicles
Light Reflecting Characteristics : Night visibility depends upon the colour and light reflecting characteristics of the pavement surface. The glare caused by the reflection of head lights is considerably high on wet pavement surface than on the dry pavement.
Drainage of Surface Water
types of pavement materials
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Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
– Highway planning in India- Highway alignment - Engineering Surveys for alignment – Highway Project- Important Transport/Highway related agencies in India. PMGSY project.
Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
Types- selection of the suitable site for the diversion headwork components
of diversion headwork- Causes of failure of structure on pervious foundation- Khosla’s theory- Design of concrete sloping
glacis weir.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
The clear distance ahead of vehicle which is visible to the driver is known as sight distance
The minimum distance within which a driver can safely stop his vehicle without any collision with some vehicle, animal or any other object is known as stopping sight distance.
Transition curve and Super-elevation
Transition Curve
Objectives of Transition Curve
Properties Of Transition Curve
Types Of Transition Curve
Length Of Transition Curve
Superelevation
Objective of providing superelevation
Advantages of providing superelevation
Superelevation Formula
Numerical
The overtaking sight distance or passing sight distance is measured along the center line of the road over which a driver with his eye level 1.2 m above the road surface can see the top of an object 1.2 m above the road surface.
passing sight distance formula
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The geometric design of roads is the branch of highway engineering concerned with the positioning of the physical elements of the roadway according to standards and constraints. The basic objectives in geometric design are to optimize efficiency and safety while minimizing cost and environmental damage. Geometric design also affects an emerging fifth objective called "livability," which is defined as designing roads to foster broader community goals, including providing access to employment, schools, businesses and residences, accommodate a range of travel modes such as walking, bicycling, transit, and automobiles, and minimizing fuel use, emissions and environmental damage.
Geometric roadway design can be broken into three main parts: alignment, profile, and cross-section. Combined, they provide a three-dimensional layout for a roadway.
The alignment is the route of the road, defined as a series of horizontal tangents and curves.
The profile is the vertical aspect of the road, including crest and sag curves, and the straight grade lines connecting them.
The cross section shows the position and number of vehicle and bicycle lanes and sidewalks, along with their cross slope or banking. Cross sections also show drainage features, pavement structure and other items outside the category of geometric design.
#source:
1. Highway Engineering by: Khanna & Justo
2. Wikipedia
types of pavement materials
types of paving material
types of road pavement
types of flexible pavement
flexible pavement of road construction
types of pavement for driveways
types of rigid pavements
asphalt pavement types
types of flexible pavements
flexible pavement design
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Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
– Highway planning in India- Highway alignment - Engineering Surveys for alignment – Highway Project- Important Transport/Highway related agencies in India. PMGSY project.
Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
Types- selection of the suitable site for the diversion headwork components
of diversion headwork- Causes of failure of structure on pervious foundation- Khosla’s theory- Design of concrete sloping
glacis weir.
Permanent Way of Railway & Components ?(part -1,2,3,4,5)RAMPRASAD KUMAWAT
Permanent Way Components: , Selection of Alignment, Ideal Permanent Ways and Cross-sections in different conditions, Salient Features and types of Components viz.
Rails, Sleepers, Ballast, Rail Fastenings.
Types and Selection of Gauges
The clear distance ahead of vehicle which is visible to the driver is known as sight distance
The minimum distance within which a driver can safely stop his vehicle without any collision with some vehicle, animal or any other object is known as stopping sight distance.
Transition curve and Super-elevation
Transition Curve
Objectives of Transition Curve
Properties Of Transition Curve
Types Of Transition Curve
Length Of Transition Curve
Superelevation
Objective of providing superelevation
Advantages of providing superelevation
Superelevation Formula
Numerical
The overtaking sight distance or passing sight distance is measured along the center line of the road over which a driver with his eye level 1.2 m above the road surface can see the top of an object 1.2 m above the road surface.
passing sight distance formula
aashto intersection sight triangles
highway sight distance
stopping sight distance formula
stopping sight distance calculator
headlight sight distance equation
headlight sight distance
aashto sight triangle standards
stopping site distance
safe stopping sight distance
aashto stopping sight distance
sight distance in geometric design
stopping sight distance example
ssd stopping sight distance
stopping site distance calculation
headlight sight distance
The geometric design of roads is the branch of highway engineering concerned with the positioning of the physical elements of the roadway according to standards and constraints. The basic objectives in geometric design are to optimize efficiency and safety while minimizing cost and environmental damage. Geometric design also affects an emerging fifth objective called "livability," which is defined as designing roads to foster broader community goals, including providing access to employment, schools, businesses and residences, accommodate a range of travel modes such as walking, bicycling, transit, and automobiles, and minimizing fuel use, emissions and environmental damage.
Geometric roadway design can be broken into three main parts: alignment, profile, and cross-section. Combined, they provide a three-dimensional layout for a roadway.
The alignment is the route of the road, defined as a series of horizontal tangents and curves.
The profile is the vertical aspect of the road, including crest and sag curves, and the straight grade lines connecting them.
The cross section shows the position and number of vehicle and bicycle lanes and sidewalks, along with their cross slope or banking. Cross sections also show drainage features, pavement structure and other items outside the category of geometric design.
#source:
1. Highway Engineering by: Khanna & Justo
2. Wikipedia
Improvement to Village Road Based on Traffic CharacteristicsIJERA Editor
The Improvement of Rural road network is of vital importance for bringing social aminities, education, and
health within reasonable reach of villagers for transportation of agricultural products produce from villages to near market centers. There are many habitations in the state of Andhra Pradesh , of which only few habitations
are connected by all weather roads. Pavements of roads connecting different villages were initially made up of
moorum or other locally available granular materials. Progressively, water bound macadam (WBM) and thin
bituminous surfacing were added, depending upon the traffic and availability of funding. The village roads were
thus built up stage by stage. No pavement design procedure was adopted for construction of such roads. With increased economic activity, the villages were connected with all-weather roads. And this report will address the improvement of such a village roads and then the development of the district takes place.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Width of formation or Roadway , Right of way and land width, Typical cross sections of road
1. DEPARTMENT OF
CIVIL ENGINERRING
Width of Formation or Roadway
Right of Way and Land Width
Typical Cross Sections of Roads
Er. Ramprasad Kumawat
M.Tech
2. Width of Formation or Roadway
• Width of formation or roadway is the sum of
widths of pavement or carriageway including
separators, if any and the shoulders.
• Formation or roadway width is the top width
of the highway embankment or the bottom
width of highway cutting excluding the side
drains. Refer in Fig.
3.
4. The width of roadway standardized by the
Indian Road Congress is given table 4.3
5. • Notes: (a) In multilane highways, roadway
width should be adequate for the requisite
number of traffic lanes besides shoulders and
central median.
• (b) The minimum roadway width on single
lane bridge is 4.25 m.
6. Right of Way and Land Width
• Right of way is the area of land acquired for
the road, along its alignment. The width of the
acquired land for right of way is known as
'land width' and it depends on the importance
of the road and possible future development.
• A minimum land width has been prescribed for
each category of road.
• A desirable range of land width has also been
suggested for each category of road.
7. • While acquiring land for a highway it is desirable
to acquire more width of land as the cost of
adjoining land invariably increases very much,
soon after the new highway is constructed.
• Also road side developments start taking place
making it difficult later on to acquire more land
required for future widening or for other
improvements.
• In some cases the lower width within the
suggested range may have to be adopted in view
of high cost of land and other existing features.
• This is particularly true in urban and industrial
areas
8. The land width is governed by the
following factors:
(a) Width of formation which depends on the
category of highway, width of roadway and
road margins
• (b) Height of embankment or depth of cutting
which is governed by the topography and the
vertical alignment
• (c) Side slopes of embankment or cutting
which depend on the height of the slope, soil
type and several other considerations including
aesthetics
9. • (d) Drainage systems and their size, which
depends on the rainfall, topography, and run
off
• (e) Sight distance considerations on horizontal
curves, as there is restriction to the visibility
on the inner side of the curve due to
obstruction such as building structures etc. At
sharp curves it is desirable to acquire a wider
strip of land, particularly on the inner side of
the horizontal curve in order to avoid
obstructions to visibility. Refer Fig 4.5
10.
11. • (f) Reserve land for future widening is to be
planned in advance based on anticipated future
development and increase in the traffic.
• The values of normal and range of land width
standardized by the IRC for various categories
of roads in rural areas and in different terrains
are given in table 4.4
12.
13. • It is desirable to control the building
construction activities on either side of the
road boundary, beyond the land width acquired
for the road in order to reserve sufficient space
for future improvement of roads.
• Therefore, it is necessary to prohibit the
building activities up to 'building line' with
sufficient setback from the road boundary.
• In addition it is desirable to exercise control of
the nature of building up to further set back
distance up to the 'control lines'.
14. • The overall width requirements between the
building lines and the control lines on either
side of the road, recommended by the IRC for
different road classifications and different
terrain conditions in rural areas are given in
Table 4.5.
15.
16. • It may be seen from Tables 4.4 and 4.5 that the
normal land width required for the National
and State Highways on open plain terrain is 45
m and the maximum land width required is 60
m,
• the corresponding width between the building
lines is 80 m and that between the control lines
is 150 rn, thus allowing set back distances of
10 and 45 m beyond the road boundary lines
with the maximum recommended road width.
17. • *Split levels
• The recommended land widths for different
classes of urban roads are, 50 to 60 m for
arterial roads (high types of urban roads meant
for through traffic, with controlled access), 30
to 40 m for sub-arterial roads, 20 to 30 m for
collector streets (urban roads and streets meant
for collecting traffic from local streets and feed
to the arterial and sub-arterial roads) and 10 to
20 m for local streets.
18. Typical Cross Sections of Roads
• Some of the typical cross sections of different
categories of highways in rural areas and a
typical urban arterial road are shown in Fig.
4.6 to 4.10.