Concrete is a widely used construction material made by mixing cement, water, and aggregates. It has several advantages including being economical, able to harden at ambient temperatures, and provide excellent water resistance. There are various types of concrete including plain concrete, lightweight concrete, reinforced concrete, precast concrete, and prestressed concrete. Each type has different properties making it suitable for different applications in structures like buildings, bridges, roads, and more. Reinforced concrete adds steel reinforcement to provide high tensile strength, while precast concrete involves casting concrete elements off-site.

1. DEPARTMENT OF
CIVIL ENGINEERING
Conventional constructions:
Concrete Constructions (CC)
Er. Ramprasad Kumawat
(M.Tech)

2. • Conventional constructions:
• Masonry,
• Timber,
• Steel and
• Concrete Constructions (CC)
• Introduction to Additive Construction methods
using concrete (3D Printed Building)

3. What is Concrete?
• Concrete is a vital element and a vitally
important thing that is used in several
individual and commercial buildings.
• It solidifies and hardens after mixing with
water and placement due to a chemical process
known as hydration.
• It binds other building materials together.

4. • It is a material extensively used in the
construction process and is made by mixing
aggregate, cement, small stones, sand,
gravel, and water.
• All the components bond together to create a
stone-like material.

5. Cement is probably the most used
man-made material.
• Concrete is used to make:
• Pavements
• Architectural Structures
• Foundations
• Motorways
• Roads And Bridges
• Overpasses
• Parking Structures
• Walls And Footings For Gates
• Fences And Poles

6. • Concrete in the present infrastructure has been
deteriorating at a fast pace due to the corrosion
of reinforcing steel coming from the including
chloride and other ions from road salts, marine
areas and ground soils.

7. Advantages of Using Concrete in
Construction
• Advantages of concrete :
• Among all the construction materials used in
the world, concrete is most widely used due to
its unique benefits compared to other
materials.

8. • Concrete is Economical
• Concrete Hardens at Ambient Temperature
• Ability to be Cast into Shape
• Energy Efficiency in Production
• Excellent Water Resistance Characteristics
• High-temperature resistance
• Ability to Consume and Recycle Waste

9. • Application in Reinforced Concrete
• Low or Zero Maintenance Required

10. Types of Concrete
• In concrete technology, a variety of type-
names has been used for different types of
concrete.
• This classification is based on three factors:
• Type of material used in its making.
• Nature of stress conditions.
• And it’s density.

11. Plain or Ordinary Concrete
• It is one of the most commonly used types of
concrete. In this type of concrete, the essential
constituents are cement, sand and coarse
aggregates designed and mixed with a
specified quantity of water.
• The ratio of essential constituents may be
varied within wide limits.
• A very commonly used mix design, widely
known as Nominal Mix Design, is 1:2:4.

12. • Plain concrete is mostly used to construct
pavements and buildings, where very high
tensile strength is not required.
• It is also used in the construction of Dams.

13. Lightweight Concrete
• Any type of concrete having a density of less
than 1920 Kg/m3 is classed as lightweight
concrete.
• Lightweight Concretes are used, depending
upon their composition, for thermal insulation,
for protecting steel structures, they are also
used in long-span bridge decks, and even as
building blocks.

14. High-Density Concrete
• This type of concrete is also called
heavyweight concrete.
• In this concrete type, the density varies
between 3000-4000 Kg/m3.
• These types of concrete are prepared by using
high density crushed rocks as coarse
aggregates. Among such materials, Barytes is
the most commonly used material, which has a
specific gravity of 4.5.

15. Reinforced Concrete
• It is also called RCC (Reinforced Cement
Concrete).
• In this concrete type, steel in various forms is
used as reinforcement to give very high tensile
strength.
• The steel reinforcement is cast in rods, bars,
meshes, and all conceivable shapes.

16. Precast Concrete
• This term refers to numerous types of concrete
shapes that are cast into molds either in a
factory or at the site.
• However, they are not used in construction
until they are completely set and hardened in a
controlled condition.
• Some of the examples of Precast Concrete are;
precast poles, fence posts, concrete lintels,
staircase units, concrete blocks, and cast
stones, etc.

17. Pre-stressed Concrete
• It is a special type of reinforced concrete in
which the reinforcement bars are tensioned
before being embedded in the concrete.
• Such tensioned wires are held firm at each end
while the concrete mix is placed.
• The result is that when the concrete sets and
hardens, the whole concrete members, so the
cast is put into compression.

18. Lime Concrete
• In this type of concrete, lime is used as a
binding material with the aggregates. Before
the invention of cement, the most used
concrete was lime concrete.

19. Pumped Concrete
• Pumped concrete is used for high rise
buildings where concrete conveyance other
than the pump is not an easy task.

20. Ready-mix Concrete
• This concrete type is prepared in concrete
plants and or transported with the help of
truck-mounted transit mixtures.
• Once they are reached at the site then, there is
no further treatment necessary.

21. Fiber Reinforced Concrete
• The type of concrete in which steel fibers 10 to
20 microns in diameter and 10 to 50 mm in
length is used.
• Fiber increases resilience, tensile strength,
flexibility, and other qualities.

22. • THANKS!