The document discusses the typical elements that make up the cross-section of a road, including the traveled way, roadway, median, shoulders, kerb, traffic barriers, drainage channels, and side slopes. It provides details on the purpose and design considerations for each element, such as recommended widths for different road types. The key factors in selecting appropriate cross-section elements are the expected traffic volumes and composition, as well as safety and physical constraints of the area where the road is located.
Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
– Highway planning in India- Highway alignment - Engineering Surveys for alignment – Highway Project- Important Transport/Highway related agencies in India. PMGSY project.
Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
Highway planning and alignment: Different modes of transportation – historical Development of road construction- Highway Development in India –Classification of roads- Road pattern
– Highway planning in India- Highway alignment - Engineering Surveys for alignment – Highway Project- Important Transport/Highway related agencies in India. PMGSY project.
Introduction about IRC, NRRDA
Friction Considerations : The friction of skid resistance between vehicle tyre and pavement surface is one of the factors determining the operating speed and the minimum distance requires for stopping of vehicles.
Unevenness : The longitudinal profile of the road pavement has to be even' in order to provide a good riding comfort to fast moving vehicles
Light Reflecting Characteristics : Night visibility depends upon the colour and light reflecting characteristics of the pavement surface. The glare caused by the reflection of head lights is considerably high on wet pavement surface than on the dry pavement.
Drainage of Surface Water
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
intersection are the space in which more than 2 roads crosses.types of road intersection,grade separated and at grade separated intersection.
intersection road
intersection tv series
the intersection grand rapids events
point of intersection calculator
intersection movie
intersection 1994
intersection season 4 on netflix
intersection grand rapids
at grade intersection, channelized intersection, diamond intersection, different types of road intersection, directional intersection, grade separated intersection, otary intersection, partial coverleaf intersection, road intersection definition, road intersection diagrams, roadway intersection types, trumpet intersection, un channelized intersection
Alignment: The position or the layout of the central line of the highway on the ground is called the alignment.
Highway Alignment includes both
a) Horizontal alignment includes straight and curved paths, the deviations and horizontal curves.
b) Vertical alignment includes changes in level, gradients and vertical curves.
$5 Trillion Economic Value at Stake: Digitization of Road Transportation Andreas Mai
We are in the early stages of a massively disruptive shift to electric, connected, shared (“uberization”) and self-driven vehicles. Over the next ten years, the digitization of the transportation of people and goods has the potential to create $11.4 Trillion of economic value globally. During the same time, $6.4 Trillion of value is migrating to other stakeholders, resulting in a net present value of $5 Trillion. The underlying economic model integrates over 450 effects from numerous academic and industry studies into a comprehensive financial model that describes the flow of money between the potential “winners and losers” of this transformation of road transportation.
This presentation highlights key results of the study to assist business leaders and policy makers with their innovation, investment and partnership strategies to secure the benefits and minimize the collateral damage from the imminent disruption of the transportation industry.
Friction Considerations : The friction of skid resistance between vehicle tyre and pavement surface is one of the factors determining the operating speed and the minimum distance requires for stopping of vehicles.
Unevenness : The longitudinal profile of the road pavement has to be even' in order to provide a good riding comfort to fast moving vehicles
Light Reflecting Characteristics : Night visibility depends upon the colour and light reflecting characteristics of the pavement surface. The glare caused by the reflection of head lights is considerably high on wet pavement surface than on the dry pavement.
Drainage of Surface Water
Origin and Destination ( O-D) Study. defined all types very well with advantages and disadvantages. Introduction of OD, Objective of OD Study
Information required for OD
OD Survey Types
Methodology
Road Side Interview Method
License Plate Method
Tag on Car method
Home Interview method
postal method
online survey method
commercial and public vehilce method survey
OD MATRIX
Desire line diagram and Flow Line diagram
Conclusion and Reference.
intersection are the space in which more than 2 roads crosses.types of road intersection,grade separated and at grade separated intersection.
intersection road
intersection tv series
the intersection grand rapids events
point of intersection calculator
intersection movie
intersection 1994
intersection season 4 on netflix
intersection grand rapids
at grade intersection, channelized intersection, diamond intersection, different types of road intersection, directional intersection, grade separated intersection, otary intersection, partial coverleaf intersection, road intersection definition, road intersection diagrams, roadway intersection types, trumpet intersection, un channelized intersection
Alignment: The position or the layout of the central line of the highway on the ground is called the alignment.
Highway Alignment includes both
a) Horizontal alignment includes straight and curved paths, the deviations and horizontal curves.
b) Vertical alignment includes changes in level, gradients and vertical curves.
$5 Trillion Economic Value at Stake: Digitization of Road Transportation Andreas Mai
We are in the early stages of a massively disruptive shift to electric, connected, shared (“uberization”) and self-driven vehicles. Over the next ten years, the digitization of the transportation of people and goods has the potential to create $11.4 Trillion of economic value globally. During the same time, $6.4 Trillion of value is migrating to other stakeholders, resulting in a net present value of $5 Trillion. The underlying economic model integrates over 450 effects from numerous academic and industry studies into a comprehensive financial model that describes the flow of money between the potential “winners and losers” of this transformation of road transportation.
This presentation highlights key results of the study to assist business leaders and policy makers with their innovation, investment and partnership strategies to secure the benefits and minimize the collateral damage from the imminent disruption of the transportation industry.
Impact of Different Types of Land Use on Transportation System of Dhaka City ...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Land use distribution and transportation both are very important issue for Dhaka city in recent period. To relate these two issues with each other is also a very effective job but a difficult one indeed. This study intends to find out the impact of different land use changes on the transportation system of Dhaka city. One of the most important roads of Dhaka city, Mirpur Road has been taken to understand and to analyze for this study. This study will help to take significant decisions and generate proper policies in transportation sector. It will also contribute to the attempts of combining land use planning and transportation planning. By assessing the land use change impact on transportation system, traffic management, congestion control and improvement of road network will be possible to make.
This topic bearing Seminar Presentation of Advanced Road Transportation System and Its Planning. Its includes Road Plan, Traffic Control and its applications, spot speed, General Instruction and basic role of ARTS, Conclusion.
Impact of Different Types of Land Use on Transportation System of Dhaka City ...Shahadat Hossain Shakil
Land use distribution and transportation both are very important issue for Dhaka city in recent period. To relate these two issues with each other is also a very effective job but a difficult one indeed. This study intends to find out the impact of different land use changes on the transportation system of Dhaka city. One of the most important roads of Dhaka city, Mirpur Road has been taken to understand and to analyze for this study. This study will help to take significant decisions and generate proper policies in transportation sector. It will also contribute to the attempts of combining land use planning and transportation planning. By assessing the land use change impact on transportation system, traffic management, congestion control and improvement of road network will be possible to make
This presentation deals with all the major steps involved in the survey, selection of the most possible route and the designing of the highway.
It will brief u on all the major topics of highway designing
I have made this when I was learning AutoCAD. There are command details, what they are used for and suitable example to see how the command works.
Hope it will be useful for beginners.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
2. Road
• A way or path over which cyclists,
vehicles and pedestrians can pass
lawfully.
• Roads are normally used for
transportation within a country.
3. Advantages of Roads
• Nearest to the man, as for going to airport,
harbor or railway station.
• Can be used by all types of vehicles from
cycles to trailers.
• Can lead to any remote area and road
users have freedom of movement.
• Vehicle movements are not time bound,
roads are open to traffic for 24 hours.
6. Cross-Section Elements
The cross section of a road includes some
or all of the following elements:
• Traveled way
• Roadway
• Median
• Shoulder
• Kerb
• Traffic Barriers
• Bicycle and pedestrian facilities
• Drainage channels and side slopes
9. Selection of appropriate
cross-section elements
In selecting the appropriate cross-section
elements and dimensions, designers need
to consider a number of factors:
• Volume and composition (percent trucks,
buses, and recreational vehicles) of the
vehicular traffic expected to use the facility
• The likelihood that cyclists and pedestrians
will use the route
• Climatic conditions
10. Selection of appropriate
cross-section elements
• The presence of natural or human made
obstructions adjacent to the roadway (e.g.,
rock cliffs, large trees, wetlands, buildings,
power lines)
• Type and intensity of development along the
section of the highway facility that is being
designed
• Safety of the users
The most appropriate design is the one that
balances the mobility needs of the people
using the facility (motorists, pedestrians, or
cyclists) with the physical constraints of the
corridor within which the facility is located.
11. Right of Way
• The right of way can be described generally
as the publicly owned area of land that
encompasses all the various cross-section
elements.
• The right of way is the land set aside for use
as a highway corridor.
• Rights of way are purchased prior to the
construction of a new road, and usually
enough extra land is purchased.
• Sometimes, rights of way are left vacant after
the initial roadway facility is constructed to
allow for future highway expansion.
X-section
12. Right of Way
Requirements of area for right of way
are as follows:
• For 2 lane road = 150 ft width of area
• For 4 lane road = 250 ft width of area
• For 8 lane road = 300 ft width of area
13. Traveled Way or Carriage Way
• The portion of the roadway provided for
the movement of vehicles, exclusive of
shoulders.
• Number of lanes on a traveled way are
decided on the basis of expected traffic
volumes and appropriate level of
service required for the facility.
X-section
14. Traveled Way or Carriage Way
• Lane width strongly influences traffic
safety and comfort
• Lane width ranges from 2.7-3.6 m
with 3.6 m lane predominant on high-
type highways
• Two-lane two-way highways with the
3.6 m lane provide safe clearance
between large commercial vehicles
15. Dual Carriage Way
When traffic volumes are quite
heavy, carriageway may be divided
into two parts by providing a median
strip and each portion of the carriage
way is reserved for traffic moving in
opposite direction.
16. Road Way
• The portion of a highway provided for
vehicular use.
• It includes both carriageway and
shoulders.
17. Formation Width
• It is the sum of widths of carriage way,
shoulders and median strips if provided.
• In case of embankments, it is measured
as the top width.
• In case of cutting, it is the bottom width
of the cutting from which side drains are
excluded.
19. Functions of shoulders
• accommodation of stopped vehicles
(disabled vehicles, bus stops)
• emergency use
• lateral support for the pavement
• space for roadside facilities
• space for bicycles and pedestrians
• driving comfort (freedom from strain)
• improvement in sight distance
• improvement in capacity
20. Width of shoulders
• Low-type roads -- minimum 0.6 m,
recommended 1.8-2.4 m
• Shoulder provided for bicycles -- minimum
1.2 m wide
• High-type roads -- minimum 3.0 m,
recommended 3.6 m
• Shoulders should be continuous.
• Shoulders on bridges should have the
same width as on the approach sections.
21. Median or Traffic Separators
• It is the physical or painted separation
provided on divided highways between
two adjacent roadways.
• Medians can also be used to isolate
slow and fast moving traffic in the same
direction.
• Width of medians ranges from
1.2 to 24 m.
25. Function of medians
• separate opposing traffic
• recovery area for out-of-control
vehicles
• stopping area
• storage of right-turning and U-turning
vehicles
• minimize headlight glare
• provision for future lanes
26. Kerb
• It is the dividing line between carriageway
and footpath.
27. Functions of Kerbs
• drainage control
• roadway edge delineation
• right-of-way reduction
• delineation of pedestrian walkways
• reduction in maintenance operation
• Assistance in roadside development
28. Types of Kerbs
• Class I Kerb: Height 7-9 cms
• Class II Kerb: Height 15-20 cms
• Barrier: 23-45 cms
• Submerged: provide lateral stability
29. Foot Path or side Walk
• Foot paths are provided in Urban
roads
• These are raised strips constructed
along both the edges of roads.
• Their minimum recommended width
is 1.3 m.
32. Bicycle and Parking lane
• Bicycle lane is a portion of the
roadway designated by striping,
signing, and/or pavement markings
for preferential or exclusive use by
bicycles and/or other non-motorized
vehicles.
• Parking lane is an additional lane
provided on Urban roads and streets
for on-street parking.
35. Traffic Barriers
A longitudinal barrier, including bridge rail,
or an impact attenuator used to
• Redirect vehicles from hazards located
within an established Design Clear Zone
• To prevent median crossovers
• To prevent errant vehicles from going over
the side of a bridge structure
• To protect workers (occasionally)
• To protect pedestrians, or bicyclists from
vehicular traffic
38. Drainage Channels and
Side slopes
• Drainage channels and side slopes are
provided along the length of road for storm
water drainage etc.
39. Drainage Channels and
Side slopes
Drainage channels should:
• have adequate capacity for the design
runoff,
• minimize damage to the highway caused
by unusual storm water,
• minimize risk for motorists,
• be resistant to the high speed water flows
where expected,
• prevent sedimentation of the particles
carried by water.
40. Drainage Channels and
Side slopes
Side slopes should
• insure the stability of the roadway
• provide opportunity for recovery of an out-
of-control vehicle