The document discusses various audio-visual aids that can be used for teaching nursing students. It describes projected aids like overhead projectors and film projectors, and non-projected aids such as graphs, charts, posters, flashcards, flipcharts, models, display boards, print materials, and audio recordings. Specific aids discussed in more detail include flip charts for presenting topic outlines sequentially, posters for providing general information visually, and flashcards for conveying messages quickly through images. The document emphasizes that the appropriate selection and use of audio-visual aids can enrich learning, increase understanding, and aid in retaining factual information for students.
audio visual aids or medias are the instructional aids which v can use for making our teaching more effective correct and interesting that are helpful to make teaching effective.
audio visual aids or medias are the instructional aids which v can use for making our teaching more effective correct and interesting that are helpful to make teaching effective.
Non projected av aids - Charts, Poster, flash cardsJaice Mary Joy
Non-Projected AV Aids are aids that do not need the use of equipment for projection. These are the most widely used media in many isolated and rural areas around the world.
An overhead projector (OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.
In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic film (also known as "foils" or "transparencies") with the image to be projected either printed or hand-written/drawn. These are placed on the glass platen of the projector, which has a light source below it and a projecting mirror and lens assembly above it (hence, "overhead"). They were widely used in education and business before the advent of video projectors.
Printed aids combine words, pictures, and diagrams to convey accurate and clear information. It can be read at any available time and can be kept for record.
INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA AND METHODS
INTRODUCTION
Audio-visual aids are sensitive tools teaching that facilitates learning. They are multi sensory materials which motivate, classify and stimulate individuals.
The aim of the learning with technological media is ‘clearing the channel between the learner and things that are no worth learning.’ The basic assumption underlying audio-visual aids is that learning-clear understanding stems from the sense of experience. The teacher must ‘show’ as well as ‘tell’.
Audio-visual aids help in completing the triangular process of learning i.e., motivation, clarification, stimulation.
Audio-visual aids are also called “instructional material”.
DEFINITON
An Audio-Visual Aid is an instructional device in which the message can be heard as well as seen.
“Audio-visual aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning”. –Burton
Audio-visual aids are those devices by the use of which communication of ideas between persons and groups in various teaching and training situations is helped. These are also termed as multi-sensory materials. –Edger Dale
Audio-visual aids are anything by means which learning process may be encouraged or carried on through the sense of hearing or sense of sight. –Good’s Dictionary of education
KEY CONCEPTSBOF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
Audio-visual aids are sensitive tools in teaching and as avenues for learning. These are planned educational materials that appeal to the senses of the people and quickness learning, facilitates for clear understanding.
A Chinese proverb:
If I hear, I forget
If I see, I remember
If I do, I know
This proverb says the importance of sensory perception in teaching, learning situation:
Seeing-87%
Hearing-07%
Odour-03%
Touch-02%
Taste-01%
Audio-visual aids provide significant gains in informational learning, retention and recall, thinking and reasoning activities, interest, imagination, better assimilation and personal growth and development.
The aids are the stimuli for learning ‘why’, ‘how’, ‘when’ and ‘where’. The hard to understand principles are usually made clear by the intelligent use of skillfully designed instructional aids.
On the use of audio-visual aids, the Kothari commission (1964-66) observed that it should indeed bring about an ‘educational revolution’ in the country.
The National Policy on education, 1986 and as modified in 1992 has laid a great stress on the use of teaching aids, especially improvised aids, to make teaching learning more effective and realistic.
PURPOSES
To initiate & sustain attention, concentration & personal involvement of stu
Non projected av aids - Charts, Poster, flash cardsJaice Mary Joy
Non-Projected AV Aids are aids that do not need the use of equipment for projection. These are the most widely used media in many isolated and rural areas around the world.
An overhead projector (OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.
In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic film (also known as "foils" or "transparencies") with the image to be projected either printed or hand-written/drawn. These are placed on the glass platen of the projector, which has a light source below it and a projecting mirror and lens assembly above it (hence, "overhead"). They were widely used in education and business before the advent of video projectors.
Printed aids combine words, pictures, and diagrams to convey accurate and clear information. It can be read at any available time and can be kept for record.
INSTRUCTIONAL MEDIA AND METHODS
INTRODUCTION
Audio-visual aids are sensitive tools teaching that facilitates learning. They are multi sensory materials which motivate, classify and stimulate individuals.
The aim of the learning with technological media is ‘clearing the channel between the learner and things that are no worth learning.’ The basic assumption underlying audio-visual aids is that learning-clear understanding stems from the sense of experience. The teacher must ‘show’ as well as ‘tell’.
Audio-visual aids help in completing the triangular process of learning i.e., motivation, clarification, stimulation.
Audio-visual aids are also called “instructional material”.
DEFINITON
An Audio-Visual Aid is an instructional device in which the message can be heard as well as seen.
“Audio-visual aids are those sensory objects or images which initiate or stimulate and reinforce learning”. –Burton
Audio-visual aids are those devices by the use of which communication of ideas between persons and groups in various teaching and training situations is helped. These are also termed as multi-sensory materials. –Edger Dale
Audio-visual aids are anything by means which learning process may be encouraged or carried on through the sense of hearing or sense of sight. –Good’s Dictionary of education
KEY CONCEPTSBOF AUDIO-VISUAL AIDS
Audio-visual aids are sensitive tools in teaching and as avenues for learning. These are planned educational materials that appeal to the senses of the people and quickness learning, facilitates for clear understanding.
A Chinese proverb:
If I hear, I forget
If I see, I remember
If I do, I know
This proverb says the importance of sensory perception in teaching, learning situation:
Seeing-87%
Hearing-07%
Odour-03%
Touch-02%
Taste-01%
Audio-visual aids provide significant gains in informational learning, retention and recall, thinking and reasoning activities, interest, imagination, better assimilation and personal growth and development.
The aids are the stimuli for learning ‘why’, ‘how’, ‘when’ and ‘where’. The hard to understand principles are usually made clear by the intelligent use of skillfully designed instructional aids.
On the use of audio-visual aids, the Kothari commission (1964-66) observed that it should indeed bring about an ‘educational revolution’ in the country.
The National Policy on education, 1986 and as modified in 1992 has laid a great stress on the use of teaching aids, especially improvised aids, to make teaching learning more effective and realistic.
PURPOSES
To initiate & sustain attention, concentration & personal involvement of stu
Educational technology is the effective use of technological tools in learning. As a concept, it concerns an array of tools, such as media, machines and networking hardware, as well as considering theoretical perspectives for their effective application.
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According to the Association for Educational Communication and Technology (AECT, 2008) it is possible to define educational technology as “the study and ethical practice of facilitating learning and improving performance by creating, using and managing appropriate technological processes and resources” (Richey et al. 2008).
Engineers, technicians, and technologists:
technology as a tool for material construction based
on a systematic engineering knowledge of how to
design artifacts
Social scientists:
technology as a process for material construction
based on the organization of knowledge for the
achievement of practical purposes and also based
on any tool or technique of doing or making by
which capacity is extended (Luppicini 2005).
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3. • INTRODUCTION:- Audio Visual Aids are
sensitive tools used in teaching learning
process. These are planned educational
materials that appeal to the senses of the
people. It quickens learning and facilitates for
clear understanding.
• A chine proverb, if I hear, I forget, If I see I
remember, If I do I understand says the
importance of sensory perception in teaching
learning situation.
4. COMMON A.V. Aids used for teaching of
Nursing Students:-
Classification as Projected & Non Projected A.V.
Aids:-
Projected A.V. Aids:- Overhead Projector,
Osiloscope, Film Projector, Slide Projectors, Power
Projectors etc.
Non-Projected A.V. Aids:-
Graphic Aids:- Graphs, Charts, Posters, Diagrams,
Flash cards, Flip Charts, Fiannel & Khaddi graph,
maps, pictures etc.
5. • Three Dimensional Aids:- Objects, Specimen, models,
puppets etc.
• Display Boards:- Black Boards, White Boards, Bulletin
Board, Magnetic Board etc.
• Print Material:- Pamphlets, Booklet, Leaflets etc.
• Audio Aids:- Dramatics, Demonstrations, Field Trips,
Computer Assisted Instructions etc.
• Non Projected A.V. Aids:- Flip Chart, Flash Cards,
Charts, Poster
6. FLIP CHART:- These are the type of chart:-
• A teacher has to prepare by incorporating his own
ideas and lines of approach of the specific topic
are more useful.
• The flip charts are a set of charts related to
specific topic.
• These are tagged together and hang on a
supporting stand.
• The individual charts will carry a series of related
messages in sequences
• The salient points of specific topic will be
presented.
9. POSTER:- A poster is an informational or
educational tool with which we can reach many
people in many locations. It is a visual combination
of an illustration of message conveyed to people.
Purposes
The purposes of posters are:
•To provide general intervention.
•To create an aesthetic or atmospheric effect.
•To communicate a more general idea.
•To thrust the message for leading to action
•Used for teaching in the classroom and in the
community.
10. Advantages of using Poster
The advantages of using posters are:
• It attracts attention
• It conveys the message very quickly
• It does not require a detailed study
• Good poster leads to action with good motivation
• It can stand alone and is self explanatory
Disadvantages of using Posters:
• The disadvantages of their use are:
• Poster does not always give enough information
• When a poster is seen too often, it becomes a part of the
environment and then no longer attracts attention.
11. Features of a Good Poster
• Brevity : Message should be concise
• Simplicity : Message should be easily
understandable
• Idea : Should be based on single
idea and it should be relevant
• Layout : Few trial exercises should be
undertaken to get the best
layout
• Colour : Suitable color and color
combination should be used to
made the poster attractive and eye-
catching
• Display : When displaying a poster one
should be sure to find a place where
there is adequate light and where
the target population will see it.
12. CHARTS
Definition
• Chart is defined as a visual symbol summarizing,
comparing, contrasting or performing other helpful
services in explaining the subject matter. It is meant to
depict pictorial and written information in a systematic
way by effective arrangement of the key facts.
Purposes
Its purposes are:
• To visualize an item, it is otherwise difficult to explain
only in words
• To highlight important points
• To provide outline of materials covered in presentation
13. Advantages
Its advantages are:
• It is an effective tool for learning
• It arouses interest
• It involves a low cost
• Is portable
• Is easy to make
• Is available for use and reuse
• It is used to explain, clarify, simplify the complicated materials
• It can be used to compare and show relationships.
• It attracts attention, reduces the amount of verbal explanation and
encourages action
Disadvantages
Its disadvantages are:
• Charts cannot be used for large groups
• It cannot be used for illiterate group
14. Types:
Some of the types that are available are:
• Table chart
• Wall Chart
• Flow Chart
• Flip Chart
• Pull Chart
• All the charts are made of locally available chart
paper (Size 20”x30” or 30”x40”)
15. Features of a Good Chart
• Should be sufficiently large to be seen easily
• Should be clear, simple and not overcrowded with
facts
• Should be attractive and should tell about the theme
in detail
• Should highlight the main points
• Should be in symbols and words and have few
comparisons
• Should be strong enough to stand the rough use.
16. FLASH CARDS
Definition:
Flash cards are a set of pictured compact paper
cards of varying sizes that are flashed one by one
in a logical sequence. Flash cards can be self
made or commercially prepared and are made up
of chart or drawing paper, plain paper using
colors or ink on them for drawings.
21. Purposes
• Flash cards are commonly used to
• Teach the students
• Give health education
• Hold or lead a discussion
• Narrate a story
• Teach a process
22. Advantages
• Attracts attention
• Conveys messages quickly
• It is dynamic and flexible, maintains continuity
• Easy to prepare, portable, economic
• Can be used for illiterate group
Disadvantages
• Cannot be used for a large group
• Prone to get spoiled soon
• It is time consuming during preparation
23. How to use Flash Cards?
• Be through with the picture, illustration and script
• Arrange cards in sequence, flash one by one with
commentary, stress important points and review by a
quick flash
• For displaying you can hold the cards against chest,
or use folding casel, frame or box. They can also be
displayed on bulletin boards or on a wall.
24. SUMMARY/CONCLUSION
We have studied about charts, poster and flash
cards. Their advantages & disadvantages we
learnt. The teacher has to use her judgement,
skills and knowledge for using the appropriate
type of A.V Aids. The main aim of using A.V.
Aids for educational purpose is to enrich
learning, increase understanding of concepts,
acquisition of knowledge and aid in retention of
factual information.
25. BIBLIOGRAPHY
• K.P.Neerja, “Text Book of Nursing Education”, 1st
edition-2003, Published by Jaypee Brother’s, Medical
Publishers (P) Ltd. PP 206-220
• Director, SOHS, IGNOU, Nursing Education and
Research, June 2007, PP 35-41
• Basavanthapa, B.T., “Nursing Education” 1st Edition-
2003, Published by, Jaypee Brother’s, Medical
Publisher’s (P) Ltd. PP 335-342
