An overhead projector (OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.
In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic film (also known as "foils" or "transparencies") with the image to be projected either printed or hand-written/drawn. These are placed on the glass platen of the projector, which has a light source below it and a projecting mirror and lens assembly above it (hence, "overhead"). They were widely used in education and business before the advent of video projectors.
An overhead projector (OHP), like a film or slide projector, uses light to project an enlarged image on a screen, allowing the view of a small document or picture to be shared with a large audience.
In the overhead projector, the source of the image is a page-sized sheet of transparent plastic film (also known as "foils" or "transparencies") with the image to be projected either printed or hand-written/drawn. These are placed on the glass platen of the projector, which has a light source below it and a projecting mirror and lens assembly above it (hence, "overhead"). They were widely used in education and business before the advent of video projectors.
Non projected av aids - Charts, Poster, flash cardsJaice Mary Joy
Non-Projected AV Aids are aids that do not need the use of equipment for projection. These are the most widely used media in many isolated and rural areas around the world.
audio visual aids or medias are the instructional aids which v can use for making our teaching more effective correct and interesting that are helpful to make teaching effective.
Non projected av aids - Charts, Poster, flash cardsJaice Mary Joy
Non-Projected AV Aids are aids that do not need the use of equipment for projection. These are the most widely used media in many isolated and rural areas around the world.
audio visual aids or medias are the instructional aids which v can use for making our teaching more effective correct and interesting that are helpful to make teaching effective.
DEVELOPMENT OF TEACHING LEARNING MATERIALSvalarpink
Edgar dale’s cone of experience - projected aids: OHP, slides, LCD projector, Audio Conference, Video Conference, Epidiascope and Slide Projector - Non Projected Aids: Charts, Flash Cards, Printed Materials, Bulletin Board, Magnetic Board and Flannel Board. Need and important of Audio Visual aids – Types of Audio Visual Aids – Graphic Aids, Activity Aids.
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This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
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Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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2. DEFINITION OF AV AIDS
Audio visual aids are anything by means of
which learning process may be
encouraged or carried on through the
sense of hearing or sense of sight.
- Goods
Dictionary of
education
7. ADVANTAGES OF PROJECTED
AV AIDS
• Provides greater enjoyment in learning
• Stimulates more rapid learning
• Increases retention: larger percentages and longer
retention
• Compels attention
• Enlarges or reduces actual size of objects
• Brings distant past and the present into the
classroom
9. OPAQUE PROJECTOR
• a device which displays opaque materials by shining
a bright lamp onto the object
• A system of mirrors, prisms and/or imaging lenses is
used to focus an image of the material onto a
viewing screen
11. • typically used to project images of book pages,
drawings, mineral specimens, leaves, etc
• artists’ enlargement tools
• predecessor to the overhead projector
12. CARE OF EPIDIASCOPE
•
•
•
•
•
•
handled carefully
Protected from breakage
away from moisture
kept clean
preferably kept in a cool room
switched off when not in use.
13. ADVANTAGES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
graphic aids are projected with magnification
tracing enlarged images
no need of clipping picture from book resources
Flat specimen like coins, cloth pieces, leaves etc. can
also be projected
seen conveniently by a large number of students
Teaching material of various sizes can be used
language reading lessons
stamp size to that of 20cmx250cm size pictures.
helps in preparation of graphic aids
15. ROLE OF NURSE TEACHER
• Room
• Seating arrangement should be
semi-circular
• Do not allow students to sit
very close to the screen
• optical built in pointer to focus
attention
• Every picture with
commentary
• testing purposes
17. SLIDE
A slide is a still transparency of 70mm, 35mm or 6mm
size which is optically enlarged and projected on a
screen as a real image
18. FILM STRIP
the film strip is a series of sequenced slides on a
piece of film covering a large portion of a lesson
20 to 50 slides or frames are on about half meters to
one and half meters long film strip.
19. 4 KINDS OF SLIDES CAN BE MADE BY TEACHER
•
•
•
•
Marker slides
Cellophane slides
Silhouette slides
Etched glass slides
20. Marker slide
• a clean glass piece of right size
• Draw picture or a diagram is with a fine tip marker
pen
• Hold glass piece in cardboard or wooden frame
21. Silhouette slides
• small cut outs from colour
cellophanes are plated on
the glass piece
• another glass piece is
plated over it
• two are taped together
• Or by drawing on
cellophane piece and
sticking it onto the glass
piece
22. ETCHED GLASS SLIDE
• clean a glass piece thoroughly
• rinse it with kerosene
• Draw the diagram with crayon glass marking pencil
23. • Another method
• cover the glass piece with smoke from burning
mustard oil lamp
• etch out the diagram with a sharp needle
• Cover with another glass piece
• tape them together
25. • The slides and film strips are projected on a screen
using an optical instrument called slide and film strip
projector
• Technology same as opaque projectors
• Cannot project 3 dimensional image
• makes use of small photographs mounted on a slide
26. STRUCTURE
• consists of a metal case having a concave reflector
• 500 watt or 1000 watt straight filament bulb
• set of concave lens called condenser to illuminate
the slide
• slid able set of convex lenses have objective which
focuses the image of the slide on the screen.
• The metal core is fitted with as small exhaust fan to
blow out the excess heat.
• a slide frame or a film strip carrier
27. Using common slide and film projectors
• Place the slide projector on a rigid and stable table.
• Place the screen at an appropriate place
• Insert the slide projector or film strip carrier in its
place after opening the tube.
• Mount a slide or film strip on its carrier
• Insert the projector cord plug into the wall socket.
• Darken the room
28. • Switch on the cooling fan first and then the
projection bulb.
• Focus the image
• Show the slide and explain
• Insert the next slide
• Present the slides or frames sequentially
• switch off the bulb first then the cooling fan
• unplug the slide projector and store it back in its box.
29. PREPARATION OF A SLIDE SHOW
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Collect all the available slides
check them thoroughly
Choose the slides
Arrange the chosen slides in a proper sequence
Darken the room
Make proper seating arrangements for students
start teaching
interruption during the slide show will result in the
loss of interest
30. CARE OF SLIDES AND FILMSTRIPS
•
•
•
•
•
they require care in handling and storage
store vertically in cardboard trays of right size
trays should be covered
they should be catalogued subject wise
film strips can be placed in rolled up positions in
cylindrical container
• container should be properly labelled
31. ADVANTAGES OF SLIDE PROJECTIONS.
• Requires simple skills
• convenient aid for making classroom teaching
interesting.
• small in size
• can be stored and also carried around easily
• quite cheaper
• a logical and sequential order of presentation
• image in the screen can be held for any time interval
32. • save time in teaching
• Capture attention and interest of students
• Interaction with students and group participation is
possible
33. ADVANTAGES OF FILM STRIPS
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
economical
easy to make
convenient to handle
Takes up little
can be easily stored
Provides logical sequence
Can use AC/DC power, batteries, or rechargeable
batteries with solar panels.
34. DISADVANTAGES OF SLIDES AND
FILM STRIP
• Need a darkened room.
• Require equipment and power that will need to be
maintained.
• Sequence cannot be changed.
• Visual media only; it requires audio or printed text.
• Require professional assistance for final production.
35. CARE OF THE FILMSTRIP
• Keep free of dust and dirt which can scratch the
filmstrip
• Keep dry because moisture can cause the emulsion
to become sticky.
• Then the film will stick together and be destroyed.
• Keep oily hands off the film as they can leave
residue on the film.
• Keep away from excessive heat which can cause the
film to warp.
36. STORAGE OF THE FILMSTRIP
• Store in containers away from heat, dust, moisture
• When winding up the filmstrip, hold onto the edges
• Do not pull to make it tighter as this can leave
scratches on the film
37. CARE OF THE EQUIPMENT
• Don’t handle projector while the bulb is still hot as
the bulb filament is fragile.
• Pack equipment carefully for safe transporting.
• Protect from the environment, dust, dirt, moisture
39. MICRO PROJECTOR
• slide projectors designed to project the microfilm
slides or microscopic slides to a group of students
simultaneously
• reduces the cost of instruction
• enlargement on screen is quite big for students
• with teacher’s commentary, micro projector can
ensure that students are understanding
41. OHP
• An OHP is an important electronic teaching aid.
• This machine projects an image from a transparency
• It will be advisable to switch off the bulbs of OHP for
5 minutes after every 10 minutes of use.
43. PREPARING A TRANSPARENCY
• prepared by writing on cellophane sheets with the
help of an OHP pen
• Coloured pens
• Xeroxing from any printed material
• besides single transparency can be used on a roll
45. •
•
•
•
Six lines per transparency
Six words per line
Six mm smallest letter size
Six cm (3+3 on each side) margin
46. SCREENS FOR PROJECTIONS
Effective utilization of projection material necessitates
careful selection of the screen. Types of screen are
aluminium coated
glass board
flat white screen
Screens should be mounted properly and at a proper
angle
47. USING AN OHP
• Place the OHP on a stable
table with the objective lens
facing the screen behind the
teacher.
• Put the cord plug into power
wall socket.
• Switch on the blower first
and then the bulb.
• Place transparency on the
glass top.
48. • Move the objective lens and mirror assembly up and
down to get the image in focus on the screen.
• Explain about the material on the transparency from
behind OHP with a strong pointer.
• The handle of the teacher should not come on the
slide.
• Make your points short and simple
• Remove what is not needed.
49. ADVANTAGES OF OHP
• teacher can face the class without any difficulty.
• The teacher can maintain eye contact and observe
the reactions of students.
• Small objects can be shown on the machine simply
by placing them on projection slide.
• The graphics and writings can be shown very clearly
and colourfully.
• It does not need as darkened room as compared to
other projectors
51. DO’S
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Focus and position image before presentation
Stand to the side of the screen
Turn off projector when not in u
Letters the larger the better
Use colour to attract attention
Put captions on top.
Have images in to two-thirds of visual position image
at the top of the screen
• Use pen or ruler to point
• Use upper and lower case letters
52. DON’T’S
• Walk or stand in front of the screen.
• Leave the projector on when you’ve talking about
something
• Write closely on the whole of the transparency sheet
• Have images type-written or too small
• Use black and white visuals only
• Use finger to point
• Use only capital letter
54. LCD
• largely superseded by data projectors
• When connected to a computer will enable to
project computer generated image onto a display
screen
• modern equivalent of the slide projector or
overhead projector.
55. POWER POINT PRESENTATIONS
• alternative to using OHP
• production of interesting and visually attractive
presentations
• flexibility both in terms of content and display
• Graphics, drawings, tables and organizational charts
• keep presentation simple and clear
• effectively used to emphasize the main features of
the topic.
56. GUIDELINES FOR POWERPOINT
PRESENTATION:
• Limit number of slides not more than 12 for a 10
minute presentation.
• Ensure text contrasts with the background
• avoid patterned background.
• Comply with copyright law, when pictures, charts,
tables or diagrams are used.
• Standardise position, colour and styles.
• Use on one or two animation or transition effects.
57. 8 RULES FOR BETTER POWERPOINT
PRESENTATIONS
1. Remember that you are the presenter, not
PowerPoint
2. Don’t make your audience read the slides either
3. Make sure your presentation is easy on the eyes.
4. Never include anything that makes you announce,
“I don’t know if everyone can read this, …
5. Leave out the sound effects and background music,
58. 8 RULES FOR BETTER POWERPOINT
PRESENTATIONS
6. Stick with simple animations if you use them at all
7. Proofread, proofread, proofread
8. Practice, practice, practice.
59. ADVANTAGES OF POWER POINT
• If you get lost, you can casually look at the power
point for guidance
• People can register the info more as they can
observe the PPT
• Images and good Presentation can make the PPT
more engaging
• Good for Reference at the end, if they ask questions
• Looks more professional
60. DISADVANTAGES OF POWER POINT
• You will not be able to change any slide during a
presentation
• Presenter cannot get into giving their full heart to
the presentation.
• time consuming
• Technically faults can rise
61. CONCLUSION
• Audio Visual Aids are very useful for the teaching
process
• audio-visual are great tools to catch the audience
attention
• It is important to use variety of teaching methods for
students with varying preferences
• An AV aid should also not distract a student from
learning experiences