The document outlines the concept and scope of educational technology, defining it as the effective use of technological tools in learning to improve educational practices and performance. It discusses various types of media and teaching aids, including projected and non-projected aids, their advantages, limitations, and significance in modern education. Furthermore, the document emphasizes the transformation of educational relationships and the importance of personalized and lifelong learning facilitated by technological advancements.

1. Educational Technology
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2. Educational Technology
• Educational technology is the effective use
of technological tools in learning. As a
concept, it concerns an array of tools,
such as media, machines and networking
hardware, as well as considering
theoretical perspectives for their effective
application.

3. Definitions
• According to the Association for
Educational Communication and
Technology (AECT, 2008) it is possible to
define educational technology as “the
study and ethical practice of facilitating
learning and improving performance by
creating, using and managing appropriate
technological processes and resources”
(Richey et al. 2008).

4. Engineers and social scientists
view of the term “technology”
Engineers, technicians, and technologists:
technology as a tool for material construction based
on a systematic engineering knowledge of how to
design artifacts
Social scientists:
technology as a process for material construction
based on the organization of knowledge for the
achievement of practical purposes and also based
on any tool or technique of doing or making by
which capacity is extended (Luppicini 2005).

5. Luppicini’s (2005) definition
• Educational technology is a goal oriented
problem solving approach utilizing tools,
techniques, theories, and methods from
multiple knowledge domains, to
• (1) design, develop, and evaluate, human
and mechanical resources efficiently and
effectively in order to facilitate and leverage
all aspects of learning, and
• (2) guide change agency and transformation
of educational systems and practices in order
to contribute to influencing change in society

6. Scope of Educational Technology
• Educational technology thus refers to the use
of both physical hardware and educational
theoretics
• It encompasses several domains, including
• learning theory,
• computer-based training,
• online learning, and,
• where mobile technologies are used, m-
learning

7. The scope can be accessed from the
following points:
1. Determination of Objectives
2. Improvement in Teaching Learning Process
3. Development of Teaching Learning Material
4. Improvement in Teaching Training
5. Development of Teaching Learning Strategies
6. Proper Use of Audio Visual Aids
7. Utilization of the Sub-System of Education
8. Development of Curriculum
9. Proper Use of Hardware and Software
10. Provides Feedback

8. Relevance to modern Education

9. Changed people’s traditional
continuing education idea
• Concept of open education
• changed the single teachers and student’s
relationship in the past, into relationships of
teachers -students, students- teaching
resources, students-students
• personalized learning
• life-long education, Continuous learning and
anytime, anywhere learning
• improved the efficiency and effectiveness of
teaching

10. • made the teaching methods of continuing
education becoming diversification and
beyond time and space.
• provided more resource to diversification
of educational method
• helped the process of liberalization of
continuing education
• regulated management of continuing
education

11. To continue continuing education
innovation
• Concept innovation
• Management innovation
• Content innovation
• Method innovation
• Resource innovation

12. Media

13. Projected
• Refers to those aids where a bright light is
passed through a transparent picture by
means of a lens and an enlarged picture is
thrown or projected on the screen.

14. Types of projected aids
• OHP
• Digital Projectors
• Laptops & Computers
• Power Point Slides
• Film Strips

16. Over Head Projector
• It consist a glass area with a transparent
glass covering onto which light is focused
from below. A Projector lies above this
base (over the head) which magnifies the
light coming from below and projects it
onto the desired point.

17. • Advantages
– Easy to handle
– No necessary for darkened room
– easy to transport
• Limitations
– Depends on power
– Straining the eyes

19. • A Digital Projector / video projector is
an image projector that receives a video
signal and projects the corresponding
image on a projection screen using
a lens system.
• IT has HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia
Interface) Portal that can connect the
laptop or computer with them.

20. Computers & Laptops
• Computers & laptops revolutionized the
way things are done in any field.
• Vital for making presentations, computer
programming languages
• Internet knowledge

21. Power point Slides
• A collection of pages arranged in
sequence that contain text and images for
presenting to an audience. It often refers
to a Microsoft PowerPoint presentation.
See presentation graphics,
PowerPoint and slide transition.

22. Film Strips

23. Film strip projector

24. Film strips
• The filmstrip was a common form of still
image instructional multimedia, once
commonly used by educators.
• Filmstrips provided an easy and
inexpensive requiring very little storage
space and being very quick to rewind for
the next use. Filmstrips were large and
durable, and rarely needed splicing.

25. Non- Projected
• Those aids which do not require projector,
projection screen or electricity.
• Can be simply shown , hung on the wall,
touched and handled by any learner

27. 2D- Non –Projected Aids
• Blackboard/ Chalkboard
– a reusable writing surface on which text or
drawings are made with sticks of calcium
sulphate or calcium carbonate,
– Blackboards were originally made of smooth,
thin sheets of black or dark grey slate stone.
– Modern versions are often green because the
colour is considered easier on the eyes.

28. Advantages
• Cheap
• No power dependence
• Can be used in broad day light
• No maintenance costs
• Mistakes can be corrected instantly

29. Graphs
• Graph is defined as a visual
represanatation of numerical data. Graph
is fundamentally a tool for expressing
number relationships, which is much
easier to visualize that can be done if the
statement were made only in words and
figures

30. Types of graph
• Line graph

31. Bar graph

32. CirclePie graph

33. Pictorial Graph

34. Maps
• Maps constitute and indispensible aid in
teaching many subject like geography,
history, economics and social studies. The
learning of these subjects becomes
unreal, inadequate and incomplete without
map media

36. Limitations of Maps
• Map should indicate accurate, well planed,
well printed, wall mounted and durable
• Many of the maps are not visible to all the
students in the class
• The teacher often does not take effort to
teach map reading to the students.
• Each type of map should have the
relevant details.

37. Charts
• A chart is a combination of pictorial,
graphic, numerical or vertical material
which presents a clear visual summery.
The main function of the chart is always to
show relationships such as comparisons,
relative amounts, developments,
processes, classification and organization.

40. Advantages
• Present matter symbolically
• Present abstract ideas in visual form
• Summarizes information
• Shows relationships by means of facts,
figures and statistics

41. Posters
• A poster is any piece of printed paper designed to
be attached to a wall or vertical surface. Typically
posters inculde both textual and graphic elements
although a poster may be either wholly graphical
or wholly text. Poster are designed to be both
eye-catching and informative. Posters may be
used for many purposes. They are a frequent tool
of advertisers, propagandistic, protestors and
other group trying to communicated a message.
Posters are also used for reproductions of artwork,
particularly famous works, and are generally low-
cost compare to original art work.

43. Characteristics
• Use minimum words
• Simplicity of layout
• Efficient use of colors
• Attractive and catchy

44. Uses
• Presents a single idea or a subject
forcefully and effectively
• Motivates the class
• It can highlight events and projects

45. Limitations
• Poster conveys a single theme
• The lettering if not attractive and accurate,
makes the poster illegible

46. Flash cards
• Flash cards are used for presentation of
an idea in the form of posters, pictures,
words and sentences. A single card or a
whole series may be flashed in front of the
class. They aim to develop the power of
observation, identification quick
comprehension and retention

48. Advantages of Flash card
Easy to carry
Pictorial contents presented in a series
are easily recognized by the group

49. Limitations
• The students cannot get the complete
view of the concept

50. 3D Teaching Aids
Models
Models are used for demonstrating the
three dimensional representation of real
things or abstract things. They can be
used in a wide range of instructional
situations.

51. They are particularly used for some specific
purpose
• As visual support material in instruction
• As a objects for study or manipulation in
individualized learning

53. Advantanges
• They can reduce very large objects to a
size that can be conveniently observed
and handled by students
• They can be used to demonstrate the
interior structures of objects or systems
with clarity

54. References
• www.nine.org.uk
• Wikipedia
• www.publishyourarticles.net/knowledge-
hub/education/what-is-the-scope-of-
educational-technology.html