the ppt is useful for candidates of paper 3 of SET/NET exams in India and researchers at initial level.

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Tools of Data
Collection
By,
S.G.Isave,
Assistant Professor,
Tilak College of Education,
Pune - India

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Tools
• Questionnaire
• Interview schedule
• observation

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Interview schedule

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Meaning of Interview schedule
• One to one direct communication
between researcher and subject for
collection of data.
• Series of a questions to be asked in an
interview is called interview schedule.

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Types of Interview schedule
• Structured (for research)
• Semi-structured ( flexible but
structured)
• Non-directive ( free talk on issues)
• Focused ( in depth talk on an issue )
(Media)

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How to conduct an Interview
• Interview schedule should as per objectives.
• Planning of time, duration, place, mode of
recording.
• Follow Formalities.
• Respect not to answer right of subject.
• Use of appropriate Language.
• Positive body language.
• Directing the interview.
• Questioning – proper stress and tone, use of
sub questions if required.

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Limitations
• Hesitation to express
• Vague
• Time restrictions
• Less time for thinking
• Subjective
• Researcher’s influence
• Consciousness
• Manipulated/polished/sophisticated/socially
accepted responses may be preferred.

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Questionnaire

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Meaning
• Series of questions in written form.
• Indirect interview
• Widely used tool

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When to use
• Objective tool
• Factual data required
• Large sample
• Minimum cost & time
• Crossing Geographical limitations

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Types
• Open
• Close
• Mixed
• E-mail
• Web based
• Live
• Distance

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Development of Questionnaire
• Objectives
• Content analysis
• Combination of Types of questions.
• Sequence of questions.
• Statistical techniques.
• Questions- clear, correct, to the point,
appropriate nos.,

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Administration of Questionnaire
• Appointment
• Take in to confidence
• Instructions and expectation
• Tackling queries
• Postage
• Formalities

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Advantages of Questionnaire
• Objectivity
• Freedom to think
• Flexibility of time
• Free to answer.

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Limitations of Questionnaire
• Difficult to analyze.
• Environmental effects.
• Collection is a challenge
• Ambiguous

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Qualities of Good Questionnaire
• EXTERNAL -
• Instructions
• Primary Information
• Font style and Type
• Grammar
• Quality, colour and size
of Paper.
• Proper space for
response.
• Postage
• INTERNAL -
• Clarity and simplicity of
questions
• Validity and reliability
• As per age of subjects.
• Divisions as per
Objectives.
• Pilot study

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Interview schedule vs
questionnaire
• Live / Real time
• Direct questionnaire
• More subjective.
• Useful for experts,
Illiterate people, parents etc.
• To know views.
• More time per subject.
• Variety of data from a
person.
• Informal way.
• Not easy to analyze
• Flexible
• One to one interaction
• Researcher note responses.
• Own time of subject.
• Indirect interview.
• More objectives.
• Useful for subjects, teacher,
students etc.
• To collect factual data
• Min time more info.
• Specific data from more
subjects.
• Formal way.
• Comparatively easier to
analyze.
• Rigid
• One to many reaction.
• Subject notes responses.

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Observation

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Types of Observation
• Overt – subject are
aware
• Covert - unaware
• Participant
• Non-participant

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Precautions in Observation
• Appropriate tools
• Field notes
• Informal approach
• Building rapport
• What to observe
• Use of audio visual devices

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Advantages
• Natural response
• Real collection of a data
• All round data
• Self experience
• Understanding the subject.
• Useful for sociological research.
• Useful for linear research.

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Limitations
• Subjectivity
• Temporary form of data is acquired.
• Difficult to analyze the data.
• Time consumable.
• Practical difficulties.

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Lets go beyond content…

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Ask yourself ….

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Can I qualify in
first attempt?
……..Yes,
Why not !

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If I do this
• Believe yourself.
• Understand the nature of the exam.
• Collect all the units of syllabus.
• Don’t be scared of passing
percentage of the exam.

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If I do this..
• Prepare seriously.
• Don’t just try for experience.
• Prepare your own notes.
• Practice to write answers.
• Avoid Grammatical mistakes.

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If I do this
• Solve old question paper with time
management and get it checked
from an expert.
• Construct diagrams.
• Update your knowledge with books,
periodicals, internet etc.
• Discuss with peer, teachers,
successful candidates.

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• Be confident.
• Be healthy, because learning is also
physical activity.
• Be careful about filling application
form, attaching documents, admit
cart,

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All the Best
• If you try hard in proper
direction, “You all will
qualify in coming SET
exam. in first attempt.”

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THANK YOU !