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Questionnaire
- 1. Questionnaire • A questionnaireis a research instrument consisting of a series of questions for the purpose of gathering information from respondents. • The questionnaire was invented by the Statistical Society of London in 1838. • Advantage of questionnaire is that they are cheap and do not require as much effort from questioner as verbal or telephone surveys, and often have standardized answers that make it simple to compile data. • The primary purpose is to extract data from respondents.
- 2. Types • Open Endedor Unstructured Questionnaires These questions don't have predetermined set of responses and the respondent is free to answer whatever he/she feels right. • Completely Unstructured Questions Such questions were ask openly to get opinion or view about the aspect. • Thematic Apperception Test Sequence of pictures are shown to respondent in same order for same duration and ask the question. • Word Associate Questions Words are presented and the respondent mentions the first word that comes to mind.
- 3. • Close Endedor Structured Questionnaires Multiple choice questions, where respondents are restricted to choose among any of the given multiple choice answers • Dichotomous (Two category) These kinds of questions has two possible responses only, either Yes / No or True / False or Agree / Disagree • Multiple Choice
- 4. • Close Endedor Structured Questionnaires • Scale Questions • Matrix Questions A matrix question—are really, multiple questions presented on a grid—is one of the most popular question types in online and traditional pen-and- paper surveys.
- 5. • Close Endedor Structured Questionnaires • Contingency Questions A questionnaire that is answered only if the respondent gives a particular response to a previous question
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- 7. Essentials of agood Questionnaire • Person conducting the survey must introduce himself in the beginning. • Purpose of the study should be stated. • Assure the participants about the anonymity & confidentiality of data. • Number of questions should be kept to minimum. • Questions should be short as possible and simple to understand. • Questions requiring calculations should be avoided. • Questions should be arranged in a logical order. • Instructions in regard to filling up of the form must be given in the questionnaire itself. • Proper space must be left for recording the answer. • Convenient size and easy to handle. • Questionnaire should look attractive.
- 8. How to Designa Good Questionnaire? • Examining the model and specifying the variables to be measured • Framing of questionnaire • Pilot survey or pretesting • Printing the questionnaire • Administering the questionnaire
- 9. How to Designa Good Questionnaire? • Examining the model and specifying the variables to be measured • Examine the model through literature survey, exploratory interviews. • Identify the variables to be measured • Framing of questionnaire • Form of questionnaire • Question sequence • Question formulation and word
- 10. How to Designa Good Questionnaire? • Pilot survey or pretesting • The objective of the pilot study is to make the questionnaire more reliable • Ensure that the content, sequence of questions, spacing arrangements appearance etc. are proper • If any questions are confusing , it need to be reformulated • Printing the questionnaire • Printing should be clear legible and unambiguous • Administering the questionnaire • Interview method, distribution method, postal delivery method, telephone, internet
- 11. Merits and Demeritsof Questionnaire Merits of Questionnaire Method: • It’s very economical • It’s a time saving process • It covers the research in wide area • It’s very suitable for special type of responses • It is most reliable in special cases Demerits of Questionnaire Method: • Through this we get only limited responses • Lack of personal contact • Greater possibility of wrong answers • Chances of receiving incomplete response are more • Sometimes answers may be illegible • It may be useless in many problems.