The document outlines the four main stages of the speaking process: breathing, phonation, resonation, and articulation. It describes the key anatomical structures involved in each stage, such as the lungs and diaphragm for breathing, the larynx and vocal cords for phonation, the nasal cavity, mouth and pharynx as resonators, and the lips, teeth, tongue and jaw as articulators. Exercises are provided for each stage to help speakers develop awareness and control of their voice and speech.

1. ENG THE SPEAKING
103 PROCESS

2. Stages of the Speaking Process:
Breathing stage
Phonation stage
Resonation stage
Articulation stage

3. BREATHING
STAGE

4. Breathing, which is
primarily concerned with
maintaining life, is
secondarily a force
assisting in vocalization.
It consists of two phases
--- inhalation and
exhalation.

5. LUNGS
• Serve as the
reservoir of air
• As you inhale, fill
the lungs
comfortably in
preparation for
speaking.

6. Diaphragm
• A large sheet of
muscle separating
the chest cavity
from the abdomen
• Forms the floor of
the chest and the
roof of the
abdomen
• Gives pressure to
the breath stream

7. BREATHING EXERCISE:
• 1. Sit up straight. Exhale.
• 2. Inhale and, at the same time, relax the belly muscles. Feel as though the
belly is filling with air.
• 3. After filling the belly, keep inhaling. Fill up the middle of your chest. Feel
your chest and rib cage expand.
• 4. Hold the breath in for a moment, then begin to exhale as slowly as
possible.
• 5. As the air is slowly let out, relax your chest and rib cage. Begin to pull
your belly in to force out the remaining breath.
• 6. Close your eyes, and concentrate on your breathing.
• 7. Relax your face and mind.
• 8. Let everything go.
• 9. Practice about 5 minutes.

8. PHONATION
STAGE

9. Phonation takes place when
voice is produced in speaking as
the expiratory air stream from
the lungs goes up through the
trachea or windpipe to the
larynx.

10. Larynx
• Principal organ of
phonation
• Found at the top
of the trachea
• Protuberance is
known as the
“Adam’s apple”

12. Vocal Cords
• A pair of bundles
of muscles and
cartilages
• Open and close
at various
degrees

13. Trachea
• Also known as
windpipe
• Passageway of
air going up
from the lungs

14. PHONATION EXERCISE
• Think about blowing out birthday
candles.
• Begin to blow and then turn the breath
into an "ooo" sound on a comfortable
pitch. Feel the tone begin in the
breathing muscles.
• Repeat

15. RESONATION
STAGE

16. The voice produced in phonation is
weak. It becomes strong and rich
only when amplified and modified by
the human resonators. Resonation is
the process of voice amplification and
modification.

17. Pharynx
• Common passageway
for air and food
• Located behind the
nose and mouth and
includes the cavity at
the back of the tongue
• Divisions of the
pharynx:
– Nasal pharynx
– Oral pharynx
– Laryngeal pharynx

18. Nose
• Consists of the external and
internal portions
• Nostrils – openings of the
external nose
• Nasal cavity – internal nose;
directly behind the external
nose through which the air
passes on its way to the
pharynx
• Septum – divides the
external and internal nose
into two separate
passageways

20. Mouth
• Divided into the vestibule
and the oral cavity
proper
• Vestibule – felt by placing
the tongue tip outside
the teeth but inside the
lips
• Oral cavity – felt by
retracting the tongue,
closing the jaws and
moving the tongue about

22. rESONATORS:
Upper part
of the larynx
Oral
pharynx
cavity
Nasal
cavity

23. RESONATION EXERCISE: Pronounce the letters
according to its size. (biggest letters mean
loudest sounds)
a a e e o u
o b i i m n
u m m b p p
b p t l n o
a k h h b v

24. RESONATION EXERCISE: Read the black
syllables softest and the red syllables
loudest.
Pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa pa
Ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma ma
La la la la la la la la la
Ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta ta
Ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba ba
Fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa fa
Va va va va va va va va va

25. ARTICULATION
STAGE

26. Articulation occurs when the
tone produced in the larynx is
changed into specific sounds.
This is the result of the
movement of the articulators
towards the points of
articulation.

27. Lips
• Highly flexible
• Can be moved
into numerous
positions
essential to
articulation

28. Teeth
• Serve as
important
surfaces in
articulation
• Embedded in the
alveolar ridge or
gum ridges of the
oral cavity

29. Dome
• Also known as the
hard palate
• Bony roof of the
mouth
• Serves as an
important surface
against which the
tongue makes
contact

30. Uvula
• Small nub on the
lower border of
the soft palate
• Movable tip at
the midline of
the free border
of the soft palate

31. Velum
• Also known as the
soft palate
• Separates the nasal
pharynx from the
oral cavity
• A flexible curtain
attached along the
rear border of the
hard palate

32. Tongue
• Flexible organ
consisting of muscles,
glands and connective
tissues
• Parts of the tongue:
– Apex or tip
– Blade
• Front
• Center
• Back
• root

33. articulators
Lower
jaw
Uvula Lower lip
Velum Tongue

34. Upper lip
Upper teeth
Points of Upper
articulation alveolar ridge
Hard palate
Soft palate

35. ARTICULATION EXERCISE

36. ARTICULATION EXERCISE