The document describes the key parts of the vocal tract that are involved in producing speech sounds, including the lungs, larynx, throat, mouth, nose, soft palate, hard palate, alveolar ridge, tongue, lips, jaw, and nasal cavity. It explains how different positions and movements of the soft palate, tongue, lips, and jaw allow for the production of different consonant sounds like plosives, nasals, fricatives, and approximants that pass through the oral cavity, nasal cavity, or both.

2. An airstream initiated by the lungs is known as
pulmonic.
Produce
speech
sound

3. AIR
(pushed
out)
Vocal cord
THROAT
into
MOUTH
and NOSE
LUNG
out of the
body
Egressiv
e
pulmoni
c
airstrea
m

5.  tube that starts above the larynx and ends
behind the root of the tongue.
 Can be seen when the mouth is opened
Top end of tube
Back of the oral
cavity
The opening of
the way through
nasal cavity

6.  Soft part of the mouth (can feel it if lift the
tongue backwards and upwards)
May be raised
• To block the passage of the nasal
cavity
• The airstream can only escape
through the oral cavity
• Oral sound = /s/ and /t/
Can be lowered
• To block the oral cavity
• Air can only escape through
nasal cavity
• Nasal consonants = /m/ /n/ and
/𝔶/

7.  ‘Roof of the mouth’
 Can feel its smooth curved with the tongue
 Palatal /j/ is produced.

8.  Located directly behind the top front teeth.
 Its surface is covered with little ridges.
 Alveolar sounds = /t/ and /d/

9.  Very important and flexible articulator
Tongue
Tip
Blade
FrontBack
Root

11.  Lined round the upper and lower sides of the
mouth(back almost to the soft palate)
 are produced when the tongue in the contact
with the upper teeth
 Dental sound = /𝜽/ and /ð/

12. • The lips can be pressed together and released
suddenly
 /p/ and /b/
• or rounded
 Vowel /u:/
SOUND
Using the lips
Labial
Bilabial (if both
lips are involved)
Lips contact with
teeth (/f/)
Labiodentals

14.  Known as Adam’s apple or voice box
 Located in the larynx are the vocal cords
(control the passage of air to and from lung)
 The vibration of the larynx when to produce
voiced sound /z/

15.  The movement of the jaws (the lower one)
helps a lot in speaking
 Are not articulators as the same way as
others (cannot make contact with other
articulators)

16.  Important part of vocal apparatus of making
sound (nasal consonants /m/,/n/)
 Are not moveable so cannot be considered as
articulators.