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The production of speech

The document describes the key parts of the vocal tract that are involved in producing speech sounds, including the lungs, larynx, throat, mouth, nose, soft palate, hard palate, alveolar ridge, tongue, lips, jaw, and nasal cavity. It explains how different positions and movements of the soft palate, tongue, lips, and jaw allow for the production of different consonant sounds like plosives, nasals, fricatives, and approximants that pass through the oral cavity, nasal cavity, or both.

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An airstream initiated by the lungs is known as pulmonic. Produce speech sound
AIR (pushed out) Vocal cord THROAT into MOUTH and NOSE LUNG out of the body Egressiv e pulmoni c airstrea m
 tube that starts above the larynx and ends behind the root of the tongue.  Can be seen when the mouth is opened Top end of tube Back of the oral cavity The opening of the way through nasal cavity
 Soft part of the mouth (can feel it if lift the tongue backwards and upwards) May be raised • To block the passage of the nasal cavity • The airstream can only escape through the oral cavity • Oral sound = /s/ and /t/ Can be lowered • To block the oral cavity • Air can only escape through nasal cavity • Nasal consonants = /m/ /n/ and /𝔶/
 ‘Roof of the mouth’  Can feel its smooth curved with the tongue  Palatal /j/ is produced.
 Located directly behind the top front teeth.  Its surface is covered with little ridges.  Alveolar sounds = /t/ and /d/
 Very important and flexible articulator Tongue Tip Blade FrontBack Root
 Lined round the upper and lower sides of the mouth(back almost to the soft palate)  are produced when the tongue in the contact with the upper teeth  Dental sound = /𝜽/ and /ð/
• The lips can be pressed together and released suddenly  /p/ and /b/ • or rounded  Vowel /u:/ SOUND Using the lips Labial Bilabial (if both lips are involved) Lips contact with teeth (/f/) Labiodentals
 Known as Adam’s apple or voice box  Located in the larynx are the vocal cords (control the passage of air to and from lung)  The vibration of the larynx when to produce voiced sound /z/
 The movement of the jaws (the lower one) helps a lot in speaking  Are not articulators as the same way as others (cannot make contact with other articulators)
 Important part of vocal apparatus of making sound (nasal consonants /m/,/n/)  Are not moveable so cannot be considered as articulators.