This document provides information about phonetics and phonology, including: - Phonetics is the study of human speech sounds and how they are produced, while phonology studies how sounds are organized and used in languages. - Speech sounds are produced when air passes through the vocal tract, with the soft palate and positions of articulators like the tongue determining if a sound is oral or nasal. - Consonant sounds involve obstruction of airflow between two articulators, while vowel sounds have no obstruction and airflow is free. - The English sound system has 24 consonants and 20 vowels, for a total of 44 phonemes.