This document discusses different types of machining equipment - shaper machines, slotter machines, and planer machines. It describes the main parts and working principles of each. Shaper machines cut flat surfaces using a reciprocating single-point cutting tool. Slotter machines can make slots and are similar to vertical shapers. Planer machines flatten large surfaces using a stationary cutting tool and reciprocating worktable. The document provides classifications and variations for each type of machine.

1. SHAPER , SLOTTER
AND PLANER
By
Avinash N. Fulbaria

2. Content
 Introduction to Shaper Machine
-Parts of Shaper Machine
-Classification Of Shaper
-Working Principle
-Advantages and Disadvantages
 Introduction to Slotter
-Parts of Slotter Machine
-Classification Of Slotter Machine
 Introduction to Planer Machine
-Types Of Planer
-Parts Of Planer
 Reference

3. Shaper machine
 The shaper is a reciprocating type of
machines
 Tool used for producing small flat
surface with the help of a single point
tool reciprocating over the stationary
workpiece. The flat surface may be
vertical & horizontal .

4. Shaper Machine

5. Parts of shaper machine
1. Base - it is a heavy structure of cast iron which
supports other part of machine
2. Column – it is box like structure made of cast iron &
mounted upon the base
3. Ram – it is reciprocating member which reciprocates
on the guidway provided above the column. It carries
a tool slide on its head and a mechanism for adjusting
the stroke length
4. Tool head – it is attached to the front portion of the
ram . It is used to hold the tool rigidly also provide the
vertical& angular movements to the tool for cutting
5. Cross rail – it is attached to the front vertical portions
of the column
6. Table - it is used for holding the workpiece

6. Classifications of shapers
1. Acc. to the ram driving mechanism
a. Crank shaper
b. Geared shaper
c. Hydraulic shaper
2. Acc to the position travel of ram
a. Horizontal shaper
b. Vertical shaper
3. Acc to the direction of cutting stroke
a. Push cut shaper
b. Draw cut shaper
4.Acc to the design of the table
a. Standard shaper
b. Universal shaper

7. Working Principle
 The tool is held in the tool post of the
reciprocating ram & perform the cutting
operation during its forward stroke.
 It may be noted that during the backward
stroke of the ram , the tool does not remove
material from the workpiece.
 For shaping in horizontal direction ,the depth
of cut is adjusted by moving the tool
downward towards the workpiece.
 In vertical ,the tool is feed vertically towards
the workpiece , the depth of cutting is adjusted
by the workpiece sideways

8. Advantages
 It provides economical & simple tooling
 It is easy to set up & can be used on any
flat or angular surface.

9. Disadvantages
 Shaper is limited in holding close
tolerance because of the long
unsupported overhang of the ram at the
end of the each stroke
 Due to its single point tooling the shaper
is not suited for production work
 It having only one tool for cutting the
workpiece

10. Slotter machine
 The vertical shaper ,sometimes called a
slotter, has a vertical ram.
 If a rotary table is mounted on the
regular table, a number of slots can be
made at quit accurately spaced
intervals.
 This machine can work either outside or
inside a part, provided that the interior
opening is larger then the tool head.

11. Slotter Machine

12. Slotter Machine

13. Parts of Slotter Machine
1. Base - it is rigidly built is cast integral with
the column
2. Saddle – it is mounted on the guide ways&
may be moved towards or away from the
column.
3. Cross slide – it is mounted on the guide ways
of the saddle & may be moved parallel to the
phase of the column.
4. Rotary table – it is a circular table mounted
on the top of the cross slide this is provided
with an index plate . Index plate is provided
accurate division of parts.
5. Ram – it reciprocate in a vertical direction
ram caries cutting tool at its lower end

14. Classifications
1. Puncher slotter
2. Production slotter
3. Tool room slotter

15. Planer machine
 This machine is used to produce plane &
flat surface by single point cutting tool .
 It is similar to shaper but its size is very
large and is adopted for producing flat
surface of much larger work than a shaper.
 The basic difference between planer &
shaper is , in planer , the tool remains
stationary & the work reciprocate whereas
in shaper, the tool reciprocate & work is
stationary

16. Planer Machine

17. Planer Machine

18. Types of Planers
1. Double-housing planer – it consist of a long
heavy base on which the table reciprocate. It
is having 2 housing one on each side of the
table, the housing are connecting at the top.
2. Open-sided planer – it is having housing only
on one side . It permits machining wider
workpiece.
3. Pit planer - it is massive type planer capable
of holding very big workpiece . In this the bed
is stationary & the tool is moved over the job.
4. Edge or plate planer – it is specially designed
planer used for the edge of heavy steel plate,
pressure vessels& ship building works.

19. Parts of Planers
1. Bed
2. Table
3. Housing
4. Cross rail
5. Tool head

20. Reference
 S.K. Hajra Choudhary , A.K. Hajra
Choudhary , Nirjhar Roy , Elements of
Workshop Technology , Vol 2 (12th
Edition), Media Promoters & Publishers
PVT. LTD