This document discusses nozzles and diffusers. It defines nozzles as devices that increase velocity and decrease pressure, and defines diffusers as devices that decrease velocity and increase pressure. Equations for steady flow through nozzles and diffusers using the energy equation are presented. Convergent nozzles are used in most aircrafts while convergent-divergent nozzles are used in supersonic aircraft. The Bernoulli principle is cited to explain how pressure decreases with decreasing area while velocity increases. The conclusion compares flow quality through different nozzle types.

2.  Nozzle
-Types Of Nozzle
- Equation For Nozzle By Steady Flow
Energy Equation
 Diffuser
-Equation For Diffuser By Steady Flow Energy
Equation
- Application
 Bernoulli’s Equation
 Research Paper
 Reference

3.  It is the device that
increases the velocity
and decreases the
pressure
 There is no heat
transfer in nozzle
while considering it as
insulated. So we take
Q=0
 There is no work done
so we take W=0
 Height is same so
Z1=Z2

4.  Convergent Nozzle :-
1) Used in most aircrafts
 Convergent-Divergent Nozzle :-
1) Used in supersonic aircrafts

6.  It is a device in which
velocity decreases n
pressure increases from
inlet to outlet
 Considering the diffuser
as insulated so no heat
tranfer, therefore Q=0
 No work done so W=0
 Height is same so Z1=Z2

8. Where
Q= heat transfer with surrounding
hin = specific enthalpy of inlet fluid
hout= specific enthalpy of outlet fluid
Vin = Velocity of inlet fluid
Vout = Velocity of outlet fluid
min = mass flow rate at inlet
mout= mass flow rate at outlet
Z= height from datum

10. Why pressure decreases with
decrease in area and velocity
increases with decrease in area ?

11.  The Bernoulli principle states that an increase in
the speed of a fluid occurs simultaneously with a
decrease in the pressure exerted by the fluid.

12. Conclusion :-
1) On taking high temperature nitrogen gas
through a convergent – divergent and
conical test nozzle under condition of
thermodynamic nonequilibrium.
2) We concluded that flow quality in
convergent divergent nozzle is poor but in
conical test nozzle good quality flow is
obtained.

13.  P.L. Ballaney , Thermodynamics Engineering,
Khanna Publishers,2010
 John G. Landry , John M. Heinbockel,
Williard E. Meador, “Reasearch Paper of
Nozzle flow “,Old Dominion University ,
Norfolk , Virginia, Nasa Langley Reasearch
center, Hampton, Virginia

14. END