Shaper slotter planer

By
D. Kanaka Raja
Department of mechanical engineering,
AITS

2
Shaping Machine is also called
Shaper

3
 A Machine which
produces flat surfaces
 A Ram holding the
Tool reciprocates
 Work is fed
perpendicular to the
tool

4
B
A
 In the shaper, the cutting tool
has a reciprocating motion, and
it cuts only during the forward
stroke.
 Cutting Tool repeatedly travels
along line A B
 Work is fed a small distance
each time
 Feed of work & line of tool
motion are in same plane but
perpendicular

5
 The tool line eventually
reaches position C D
 Combination of two
movements results in the
flat plane ABCD being
machined

6
Basic types:
 Horizontal Shaper
 Vertical Shaper
 Traveling head Shaper

7
Horizontal shaper:
 Ram holding the cutting tool moves In horizontal plane
Vertical shaper:
 The cutting tool moves in vertical plane
Traveling head shaper:
 Cutting tool reciprocates & moves cross wise
simultaneously.

8
HORIZONTAL
SHAPERS
1. Acc. to Cutting
Action of Stroke
2. Acc. to the
Table Design
3. Acc. to Driving
Mechanism

M305.23 9
a) Push Type Shaper
1. Acc. to Cutting
Stroke action
b) Draw Type Shaper
a) Standard Shaper
2. Acc. to the
Table Design:
b) Universal Shaper
a) Crank type
3. Acc. to Driving
Mechanism: b) Geared type
c) Hydraulic
Shaper

10
 Metal is removed when the ram moves away from column
 Most common type used in practice
 Unless otherwise specified, the term shaper refers to Push
type Shaper

11
 Metal is removed when the tool is drawn towards the column
 Allows heavier cuts to be made
 Less vibration during cutting

12
Standard shaper
Work Table can be moved Vertically & Horizontally.
it cannot swivelled or tilted.
Universal shaper
Table can be moved
Horizontally
Vertically
Swivelled &
Tilted
This is mostly used in Tool Rooms

13
Crank type shaper:
 Driving mechanism is by crank and a slotted lever quick return
motion mechanism is used to give reciprocating motion to the ram.
 The crank is adjustable and is arranged inside the body of bull
gear.
Geared type shaper:
 Driven by Rack & Pinion mechanism
Hydraulic shaper:
• Driven by oil pressure developed by a pump, which is run by an
electric motor.
• It is more efficient than the crank and geared type shapers.

15
BASE
COLUMN
RAM
CROSS RAIL
TABLE
TOOL

16
1. BASE 5. CROSS RAIL
2. COLUMN 6. SADDLE
3. RAM 7. TOOL HEAD
4. TABLE 8. CLAPPER BOX

17
Constructional details of a shaper
BASE
TABLE
CROSS RAIL
RAM
TOOL HEAD
RAM CLAMP
CLUTCH
COLUMN
TOOL POST
BASE

18
1. Base
 Bottom most part
 Supports other parts of the machine
 Acts as a reservoir of lubricating oil
 Made of Cast Iron
BASE

19
 Vertically mounted on
the base
 Houses Driving
Mechanism of Ram
 Has guide ways on
which Ram slides
COLUMN

20
 The main moving
part of a Shaper
 It carries Tool Head
 Connected to Driving
Mechanism
R A M

21
 A box like casting with
T-slots on its top
 Shaper vice is fitted in
the T-slots
 Work is fixed in the
vice
TABLE

22
 Used to move the
Table Up & Down
 Upward movement is
controlled by an
Elevating Screw
 Side movement is
controlled by lead
screw
CROSS
RAIL

23
 It is mounted on cross
rail
 It supports the Table
 Moves across the cross
rail left to right
 Movement obtained by
a cross feed screw
SADDLE
CROSS RAIL

24
 It is attached to the
front end of Ram
 Carries Clapper box &
Tool post on it
 Can be swiveled at any
angle on either side
TOOL HEAD
TOOL POST
CLAPPER BOX

25
 It is hinged to the tool
head
 It houses clapper block
 Swings outward in
return stroke
 Tool post mounted on
clapper block
CLAPPER
BOX

26
• Max. length of Stroke of Ram
• Type of Drive
• Power input
• Floor Space required
• Weight of the Machine
• Cutting to Return Stroke ratio
• Feed
• Size of table
• Maximum horizontal and vertical travel of the table

27
 Shaper drive Mechanism changes rotary motion of
power source (Electric motor) to reciprocating
motion of Ram.
 Material removal (cutting) of work piece takes place
in the forward stroke of ram.
 The return stroke of the ram does no cutting, hence
is called Idle stroke.
 The Ram with cutting tool has to move slowly in
cutting stroke.

28
•Since return stroke does no cutting the ram
should move faster during return stroke.
•The shaper drive system incorporates quick
return mechanism. So that the ram moves faster
during return stroke
•Thus minimizing the (idle time) Quick Return
time.

29
 Machining Horizontal Surfaces
 Machining Vertical Surfaces
 Machining Angular Surfaces
 Cutting Slots, Grooves & Key ways
 Machining irregular surfaces
 Machining Splines / Cutting Gears

30
 Work is properly held in a vice
 Table is raised to a gap of 25 to 30 mm between
tool & work
 The length & position of stroke are adjusted
 The length of stroke should be nearly 20 mm
longer than the work

31
 The approach & over run should be 10 & 5 mm
respectively.
 Depth of cut is adjusted by rotating down the feed
screw of tool head
 Feed is adjusted about half the width of cutting
edge of tool

32
 Fix the work properly on the table
 Adjust the length of stroke
 Set the required cutting speed
 Give required feed of the table
 Fix an appropriate tool in the tool head
 Give suitable depth of cut for rough cuts
 Finishing the job by giving less depth of cut

34
 Fix up the job on the table firmly
 Align the surface to be machined properly
 Fix up a side cutting tool in the tool head
 Set the vertical slide exactly at zero
 Swivel the apron away from the job
 Switch on the machine
 Rotate down feed screw by hand to give down
feed
 Feed in about 0.25 mm

36
 Angular shaping is carried out to machine inclined
surfaces, bevelled, dove tail etc.,
 Set the work on the table
 Swivel the vertical slide of tool head to the required
angle ( to the left or right)
 Set apron away from work
 Give down feed as per requirement

38
 Fix up a square nose tool in tool head
 Adjust the length & position of stroke
 Reduce the cutting speed
 Give suitable depth of cut
 Feed the work properly to get equal splines

40
 Fix up the job between two centres
 Cut first spline similar to a key way
 Move / Rotate work by the required amount
 Use index plate for this purpose

43
 Fix up a forming tool in tool post
 Give cross feed in conjunction with down feed
 Swivel the apron suitably according to the contour
required

 Advantages
 The set up is very quick and easy
and can be readily changed from
one job to another.
 The work can held easily.
 The single point tools used are
in inexpensive;
 These tools can be easily
grounded to any desired shape.
 Lower first cost.
 The cutting stroke has a definite
stopping point.
 Because lower cutting forces,
thin and fragile jobs can be
conventionally machined on
shapers.
 Limitations
 By nature is a slow machine
because of its straight line,
forward and return stroke. The
single point tool requires several
strokes to complete a work.
 The cutting speeds are not
usually very high speeds of
reciprocating motion due to high
inertia forces developed in the
motion of the units and
components of the machine.
Owing to these reasons the
shaper does not find ready
adaptability for assembly and
production line.

46
Shaper Driving Mechanisms
•Whitworth quick return mechanism
•Slotted link quick return mechanism
•Hydraulic quick return mechanism

47
Quick Return Mechanism
Q.R.M

48
Whitworth Quick Return Mechanism

49

50

51

52
 Crank BC revolves at a uniform speed.
 During cutting stroke point C travels from Y to X through Z.
 Ram returns at high speed as the crank rotates from X to Y
through T.
 Then:
Time for cutting stroke 360 - Ø
Time for return stroke Ø
 Since Ø is smaller than 360 – Ø, the time for cutting is more than
the idle time.
 Stroke length can be changed by varying the radius AE
=

55
BULLGEAR
BULLGEAR SLIDING
BLOCK
CRANK PIN
BULLGEAR
SLIDE
LEAD SCREW
BEVEL GEARS
ROCKER ARM
SLIDING BLOCK

56
Driving Pinion
Slotted Lever
Crank pin
Lead Screw
Clamping
lever
Ram
Ram Block
Bevel Gears
Bull gear
Sliding block
Lever Sliding
block
Bull GearBull gear Slide
Pivot
Bevel Gears

57
 Crank pin(11) is fitted in
the slotted link(9)
 Bottom end of slotted
link (rocker arm) is
attached to frame of
column(15)
 Its upper end is
connected to ram(2).

58
 Electric motor drives pinion (1)
 Pinion (1) drives the bull gear(14)
 A Radial slide (16) is bolted at the centre of bull gear.
 Radial slide carries a sliding block(12) & a crank pin (11)
 As the bull gear 14 rotates, crank pin 11 rotates.
 So sliding block 12 also rotates on the crank pin circle.
 Simultaneously crankpin will move up & down in the slot of the
slotted link 9.

59
 As the crank pin11 moves,
slotted link 9 gets rocking
movement.
 This rocking movement is
communicated to the ram.
 Thus the rotary motion of
the bull gear is converted to
reciprocating motion of the
ram.

61
 When the link is in the
position PM, ram will be at
the extreme backward
position.
 When it is at PN, ram is at
extreme forward position.
P
M N
K
O
L
C2C1

62
 PM&PN are tangents drawn to
the crank pin circle.
 Forward cutting stroke takes
place through the angle C1K C2
 Return stroke takes place
through the angle C2 L C1 of
the crank.
 It is evident that angle C2K C1
is greater than C2 L C1 P
M N
K
O
L
C
2
C
1

63
P
M N
K
O
L
C2C1
• Angular velocity of crank pin is constant.
• So Return stroke is completed in a shorter time.
• Therefore it is known as quick return motion.

64
 Cutting time : Return stroke = Angle C1KC2 : Angle
C2LC1
 Cutting time : Return time ratio
 usually varies bet 2 : 1.
 Practical limit is 3 : 2
M N
K
O
L
C2C1

 Quick return in the hydraulic shaper is accomplished by increasing the flow
of hydraulic oil during the return stroke.
 In the hydraulic shaper the ram is connected to the hydraulic cylinder which
is controlled by means of a 4 way valve.
 The hydraulic fluid is pumped to the hydraulic cylinder through 4 way valve;
this valve is connected to the sump.
 The 4 way valve controls the direction of high pressure fluid into the cylinder
and controls the direction of motion, either the cutting stroke or return
stroke.

 The flow control valve controls the flow rate of the hydraulic fluid
thereby controlling the speed at which ram moves.
 Since the power available remains constant throughout, it is possible
to utilize the full capacity of the cutting tool during the cutting stroke
 The starting and stopping of the machine is achieved by through a
finger operator lever.
 An adjustable trip dog operated lever controls the operation of 4 way
valve to control the ram reversible.
 The return or idle stroke is faster than the cutting stroke because of
the smaller area in the return side of the cylinder if constant volume
pump is used.

 The cutting stroke has a more constant velocity and less
vibration is induced in the hydraulic shaper.
 The cutting speed is generally shown on an indicator and
does not require calculation.
 Both the cutting stroke length and its position relative to
the work may be changed quickly without stopping the
machine.
 The hydraulic feed operates while the tool is clear of work.
 More strokes per minute can be achieved by consuming
less time for reversal and return strokes.

 The stopping point of the cutting stroke in a hydraulic shaper
can vary depending upon the resistance offered to cutting by
the work material.
 It is more expensive compared to the mechanical shaper.

70
Work should be properly & firmly fixed on the
Shaper table
Work is fixed on the table by 3 methods.
• Using a Swivel Vice
• Using T bolts & Clamps
• Using Angle plate & C Clamps

 Cutting speed is defined as the average linear speed in
stroke in m/mm, which depends on the number of ram
stokes(or ram cycles) per minute and the length of stroke.
 The number of double strokes or cycles of the ram/min
 N= the number of double strokes or cycles of the ram
 L=length of the ram stroke, mm
 K= return stroke time
 Where k=2/3, 3/4
Vc = NL(1+k)/1000 m/mm

 The feed is the relative motion of the work piece in a
direction perpendicular to the axis of reciprocating of the
ram.
 Feed is given to the work piece.
 Depth of cut d is the thickness of the material removed in one
cut,in mm.

 The machining time
the time required to complete one double
stroke, from cutting speed Vc is given by
 With a feed of f mm/double stroke, number of
strokes required to machine a surface of width B
will be Ns=B/f
t = L(1+K)/1000Vc

 Hence total machining the surface of width B will be
 In terms of ram strokes N, the time for machining the surface is
given by
Ns=B/fN min
Machine time
tm = B/f ((L/Vc*1000)+(L /Vr *1000)
Where B= width of the job mm
f = feed mm/ stroke
l = length of stroke, mm
Vc = Cutting speed
Vr = return stroke speed mm/min
 t = LB(1+K)/1000Vcf

89
Slotting machine is also called as Slotter

92
• A Machine which produces flat surfaces
• A Ram holding the Tool reciprocates
• Ram reciprocates in vertical direction
• Work is fed perpendicular to the tool

93
 Cutting Tool repeatedly travels
along line A B
 Work is fed a small distance each
time
 Feed of work & line of tool
motion are in same plane but
perpendicular

94
 The tool line eventually
reaches position C D
 Combination of two
movements results in the flat
plane ABCD being machined

95
 Work is supported on a rotary table.
 Table can have longitudinal and rotary movements
 Straight and rotary cuts can be produced.

96
According to design and purpose the slotters
are classified into two types
1. Puncher Slotter
2. Precision tool room Slotter
Puncher slotter:
 Intended for removing large amount of metal from heavy
works.
 heavy and rigid machine
 Ram driven by rack and spiral pinion mechanism
 used for machining large castings and forgings

98
Precision tool room slotter:
• Used for tool room work, where accuracy important
• Lighter in construction
• Fitted with quick return mechanism
• Operates at high speeds and designed for light cuts
• Gives accurate finish
• Suitable for small to medium size work pieces

99
Difference between vertical shaper and Slotter
• in vertical shaper the tool holding ram can tilt by
about 100 with respect to vertical axis
• In slotter ram cannot tilt at all.
• In all other aspects vertical shaper and slotter are
similar

M305.30
10
0
Having known the Working Principle we
will now look at :
 The Constructional Details of a slotting Machine
 Function of each part
 Specifications of a slotter

M305.30
10
1
BASE
CIRCULAR
TABLE
COLUMN
RAM
CROSS SLIDE
SADDLE
T-SLOTS
TOOL HEAD

10
4
1. Base 5. Cross slide
2. Column 6. Saddle
3. Ram 7. Tool head
4. Table

10
5
1. Base
 Bottom most part
 Supports other parts of the machine
 Acts as a reservoir of lubricating oil
Contd..

10
6
 Rigidly built to take up cutting forces
 Top of bed is accurately finished
 Guide ways are provided for saddle
 Guide ways are perpendicular to column face

10
7
 Vertically mounted on
the base
 Houses Driving
Mechanism of Ram
 Has guide ways on
which Ram slides
 Also houses feeding
mechanism
COLUMN

M305.30
10
8
 Reciprocating vertically up
and down of a slotter
 Mounted on guide ways of
column
 It carries Tool Head / cutting
tool
 Connected to Driving
Mechanism
 An arrangement is provided
on the body of ram to
change length of stroke
R A M

10
9
 It holds the work piece.
 A circular casting with
T-slots on its top
 Movement of table can
be linear or rotary
 Table is graduated in
degrees so indexing
can be done
 Slotter vice may be
fitted in the T-slots
 Work may be fixed in
the vice
 Operated manually or
by power
TABLE

11
0
 It is mounted on guide ways of bed
 It can be moved towards or away from bed
 Using saddle longitudinal feed is given
 Top is accurately finished to provide guide ways
for cross slide
 These guide ways are perpendicular to the guide
on the base
 Operated either manually or by power

11
1
 Circular work-table is mounted on the top.
 Mounted on guide ways of saddle
 Moves parallel to the face of the column
 Using cross slide cross feed is given
 Operated either manually or by power

11
2
 It is attached to the bottom end of Ram
 Carries Tool post on it
 Tool is fixed in position
 No swiveling along verticle axis or horizontal
axis

11
3
 Max. length of Ram Stroke
 Diameter of work table in mm.
 Type of Drive
 Maximum table travel.
 Power input
 Floor Space required

115
 A Slotting machine produces flat surfaces
 The Ram holding the Tool reciprocates vertically up
and down
 Cuts the material only in down stroke
 There should be some mechanism to move the ram in
reciprocating motion
 It is called as slotter driving mechanism
 The mechanism commonly used is slotted disc
mechanism

117
 A Mechanism makes the ram to move slowly during
cutting stroke.
 During return stroke ram moves at a faster rate.
 To reduce the idle time,It Should return quickly .
 The mechanism adopted is known as QRM

118
1. Whitworth Q.R.M. Mechanism
2. Variable speed reversible motor drive mechanism
3. Hydraulic drive Mechanism
The mechanisms for QRM in slotter are similar to
QRM in shaper

11
9
 In Slotter feed is given by table
 Feed movement is intermittent
 Feed is given at the beginning of the cutting stroke
 Feed may be given either manually or by power
 Table will have three types of feed movements
a. longitudinal
b. cross and
c. circular feeds.
Contd…

12
0
Longitudinal feed:
•Table is fed perpendicular to the column
•Table moves towards or away from the column
Cross feed:
•Table is fed parallel to the face of the column
Circular feed:
• table is rotated with respect to
verticle axis

122
 Uses a ratchet and pawl mechanism
 Feed shaft engaged with cross, longitudinal /
rotary feed screws has the ratchet mounted on it.
 Ratchet is moved by small amount in one direction
only with the help of a connecting rod, lever.
 The roller moves in the cam groove cut on the face
of the bull gear of slotting machine.

123
1. Machining flat surfaces
2. Machining Circular Surfaces
3. Machining internal surfaces
4. Machining grooves or key ways

124
 Work is properly held in a vice
 Table is raised to a gap of 25 to 30 mm between
tool & work
 The length & position of stroke are adjusted
 The length of stroke should be nearly 20 mm
longer than the work
Contd…

125
 The approach & over run should be 10 & 5 mm
respectively.
 Depth of cut is adjusted by rotating down the feed
screw of tool head
 Feed is adjusted about half the width of cutting
edge of tool

126
 Fix the work properly on the table
 Give required feed of the table
 Tool is held in the tool head of ram
 Ram reciprocates up and down

127
 Feed has to be given at the beginning of cutting stroke
 Both internal and external surfaces can be machined
 Give suitable depth of cut for rough cuts

129
 Tool is set radially on the work
 Work piece is placed centrally on the rotary table
 Feed is given by the rotary table feed screw
 Feed screw rotates the table through an arc

130
 Fix up a tool in tool post
 Cross, longitudinal and rotary feed are combined
 Any contoured surface can be machined
 Mostly done manually
 Good skill is required from operator

131
 Slotter is specially intended for cutting internal
grooves
 External or internal gear teeth can be machined
 Fix up the job between two centers
 Cut first a key way
 Indexing can be done by using graduations on
rotary table

132
 Fix up the job between two centres
 Cut first spline similar to a key way
 Use index plate for this purpose

134
Work should be properly & firmly fixed
on the Slotter table
Work is fixed on the table by 3 methods.
1. Using a Swivel Vice
2. Using T bolts & Clamps
3. Using Angle plate & C Clamps

135
Clamping the work on a Slotter is depicted in
the following Slides, one by one

143
 A Machine which produces flat surfaces
 Consists a stationary housing for holding the tools
 A table holding the work reciprocates
 Large works, that con not be accommodate on
shapers
 The tool is stationary but the work moves

144
 The table on which work
is clamped is imparted a
reciprocating movement
 Cutting takes place during
the forward stroke of
table
 During return stroke the
cutting tool is slightly
lifted
 Tool is fed for each
forward stroke
WORK
T
O
O
L
Work is fixed on
Table

145
 Table is driven by an electric motor
 Length of table stroke can be adjusted
 Speed of return stroke is also regulated

147
1. Double housing Planer
2. Open side Planer
3. Pit type Planer
4. Edge Planer or Plate Planer
5. Divided Table Planer

148
 It is the Standard model & most widely used
 Very heavy and robust
 Has a bed and two vertical housings are fixed
 Table moves along the guide ways of the bed
 Housing supports cross rail & tool heads.
 Cross rail carries two tool heads
 Tool head carries tools

150
 It has only one supporting column (housing)
 Area larger than the table can be planed
 Cross rail is mounted as a Cantilever
 Tool holders are mounted on Cross rail
 Stroke length of bed is controlled by adjustable dogs

152
 Columns and cross rail carrying tool head move
longitudinally on massive rail above the work table
 Bed is recessed in the floor
 Loading and unloading of jobs is easy
 Used for Planing heavy & large jobs
 Table and work piece resting on it are stationary and
the tool reciprocates

153
 Specially designed for squaring or beveling the edges of
heavy steel plates for pressure vessels
 Carriage supporting the tool is moved back and front
direction
 Cutting can take place during both directions of carriage
travel
 Operator stands on the platform & operates

154
 Also known as Tandem planer
 Planer has two tables on the bed
 Table may be reciprocated together or separately
 Each table reciprocates under different tool head
 For continuous production, small work pieces
clamped on one table are being machined, another
is stationary and can be used for setting up fresh
works
 Used for quick & continuous production

155
BED
TABLE
CROSS RAIL
COLUMN
TOOL HEADS
Feed
Mechanism

156
1. Bed
2. Table
3. Housing or Column
4. Cross rail
5. Tool heads
6. Driving Mechanism
7. Feed Mechanism

157
TOOL HEADS
CROSS RAIL
TABLE
COLUMN
BED
CROSS MEMBER
COLUMN
Feed
Mechanism

160
 Large box like casting
 Length is nearly twice the table length
 Consists guide ways on which table moves
 Houses the driving mechanism of table

161
 Also called Platen
 Large rectangular casting mounted on bed ways
 Holds the work & reciprocates along bed ways
 Top surface has T slots
 Work is clamped on T slots

162
 Large vertical
structures on each side
of the bed
 Supports cross rail on
which tool heads are
mounted
 Also supports the
mechanism for
operating the tool
heads

163
 A rigid casting mounted horizontally on the column
 Can be moved up & down by elevating screw
 Carries two slides with tool heads
 Tool heads can be moved horizontally on the guide
ways of cross rail

164
 Contains tool posts for holding the tools
 Tool post (clapper block) is hinged to the head
 During return stroke cutting tool will be lifted
 Tool heads can be swiveled through 60º on either
side of its vertical position

165
1. Distance between the two housings
2. Height between Table & cross rail at its
uppermost position
3. Maximum length of table travel
4. Number of Speeds & feeds available

166
5. Power input
6. Floor space required
7. Type of Drive
8. Net weight of the Machine

167
 A Planing Machine produces flat surfaces
 The Table holding the Work reciprocates
 There should be some mechanism to move the
Table in reciprocating motion, and
 Table to move quick during idle stroke

168
1. Open & Cross belt drive
2. Reversible motor drive
3. Hydraulic drive

169
Loose Pulley Fast
Pulley
17. Belt shifter
lever
Pulleys on Shaft
Open beltCross
belt
Belt
shifter
Counter Shaft
Loose Pulleys
Fast Pulleys
9,12
10,11
13 - Bull gear shaft
14 - Bull gear
Rack
18. Trip dog
19 - Table
Change gears Feed disc

170
 Used for smaller capacity machines
 Table is moved by gears & rack attached under
the table
 Counter shaft at the top of housing has 2 pulleys
 These Pulleys transfer power to main shaft(Driving)
 Main shaft drives the table by rack & pinion

171
 2 Sets of fast & loose pulleys are mounted on driving
shaft at one end and pinion is on another end
RETURN STROKE:
 Smaller fast pulley is used for backward motion of table
(Quick motion)
 It is connected by open belt drive
 The open belt passes over small fast pulley to get Quick
return
 The Cross belt is on loose pulley so it will not drive

172
FORWARD STROKE:
 Bigger fast pulley is driven by cross belt drive
 It is used to drive the table during cutting stroke
 Open belt is on loose pulley
 At the end of cutting stroke, cross belt is shifted from fast
pulley to loose pulley
 Simultaneously open belt is shifted from loose pulley to fast
pulley
 This is achieved by trip dog which operates belt shifting lever
 Thus the direction of movement is automatically reversed

174
 Electric motor drives the bull gear through gear
trains
 Motor is coupled to D.C. generator
 When motor is started, generator supplies power
to reversible motor

175
 Reversible motor causes the planer table to move
 At the end of stroke, trip dog operates the switch
which reverses the direction of table
 Speed of cutting stroke is reduced by regulating
the field current of the generator

176
Exciter
A.C.driving
motor Generator
Reversible
motor Motor field
resistance
Motor
field
Generator field Reversing switch

177
TABLE
Operating Cylinder
Speed
Control

178
 During cutting stroke,
oil is pumped into LHS
of cylinder
 As the area is less due
to presence of piston
rod, less force acts
 So the table moves
slowly in cutting stroke
 At the end of each
stroke trip dog
operates a lever
 Lever actuates the
control valve of circuit
TABLE

179
 Oil is pumped into the
Operating cylinder
 Cylinder contains
piston & piston rod
 The other end of
piston rod is
connected to the Table
 During return stroke,
oil is pumped into RHS
of cylinder
 More force acts on the
piston & it moves
quickly
TABLE

180
 Flow of oil is changed from one side to the other
side of cylinder
 The length of stroke can be varied by adjusting the
distance between trip dogs

181
1.Planing Horizontal Surfaces
2. Planing Vertical Surfaces
3. Planing Angular Surfaces / Dovetails
4. Planing Curved surfaces
5. Planing Slots, key ways & Grooves

182
 Fix the work properly on the table
 Set the required cutting speed
 Give required feed of the tool
 Give suitable depth of cut for rough cuts
 Finishing the job by giving less depth of cut

183
WORK
PLANER TABLE
Planing Horizontal Surfaces
TOOL
CLAPPER BLOCK

184
 Fix the job on the table firmly
 Align the surface to be machined properly
 Vertical side is adjusted perpendicular to the table
 Swivel the apron away from the job
 Switch on the machine
 Rotate down feed screw by hand to give down feed

186
 Main angular planing is to make dove tails & V
grooves
 Set the work on the table
 Swivel the tool head to the required angle
 Set apron away from work
 Give down feed as per requirement

188
 Fix up a square nose tool in tool head
 Required form is obtained by feeding the tool
simultaneously in both hor. & ver. Directions
 Give suitable depth of cut
 This can also be done with the aid of a special
fixture

189
T
O
O
L
WORK
PLANER TABLE
Planing Formed
Surfaces

190
 Fix up the job on the table suitably
 Fix Slotter tools in tool heads
 Give feed using down feed screw
 Move the tool by the required amount to get
uniform slots / grooves

1. Heavier, more rigid costlier machine.
2. Requires more floor area.
3. Work reciprocates horizontally.
4. Tool is stationary during cutting.
5. Heavier cuts and coarse feeds can be
employed.
6. Work setting requires much of skill and
take longer time.
7. Several tools can be mounted and
employed simultaneously, usually four as a
maximum facilitating a faster rate of
production.
8. Used for machining large size work pieces.
1. A comparatively lighter and cheaper machine.
2. Requires less floor area.
3. Tool reciprocates horizontally
4. Work is stationary during cutting.
5. Very heavy cuts and coarse feeds cannot be
employed.
6. Clamping of work is simple and easy.
7. Usually one tool is used on a shaper.
8. Used for machining small size work piece
comparatively
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