This document discusses various causes of headache including intracerebral bleeding from subdural hematoma or subarachnoid hemorrhage, intracerebral hemorrhage presenting with neurological deficits, tumors presenting with headache among other symptoms depending on location, obstructive hydrocephalus, idiopathic intracranial hypertension in young obese females, meningitis or encephalitis presenting with fever and neck stiffness, brain abscess with seizures and fever, temporal arteritis in those over 50 with fever and jaw claudication, referred pain from structures like the eye, post concussion headaches, headaches from conditions like hypertension and pheochromocytoma, and iatrogenic headaches from medications or procedures like lumbar punct

2.  Due to underlying conditions
CAUSES
 Intracerebral bleeding
 Subdural hematoma – trauma, pts on
anticoagulants. + coma/ seizures
 Subarachnoid haemorrhage – berry or
saccular aneurysms at circle of willis.
sudden severe thunderclap headache

3.  + Vomiting, loss of consciousness at
onset, photophobia, neck stiffness
 Intracerebral haemorrhage-
+ aphasia or visual field
defect
+ataxia, diplopia, vertigo

4.  Papilloedema, late – vomiting, bradycardia,
arterial HTN
 dull ache, mild
 worse in morning
 morning vomiting
 worse bending foreward
 inc with cough , straining
 relieved by analgesia

5.  Tumors – sec from bronchus, breast, GIT
 headeache not invariable
 post fossa tumors  pain in occipital
region
 seizures , N ,V
 deep & dull aching
 more on exertion

6. Changes with position,
not relieved by sleep
 Obstructive hydrocephalus

7.  Idiopathic intracranial HTN
• morning headache
• worsened by coughing & straining
• young & obese females
• h/o steroid or vit A intake
• + transient diplopia , visual dist

8.  Meningitis – pyrexia & meningism [headache
,photophobia & neck stiffness]
• viral, bact, TB
 Encephalitis -herpes simplex
• a/c onset, fever, seizures,
aphasia/hemiplegia
 Brain abscess- + seizures,
fever

9.  Temporal arteritis- throbbing headache, U/L
or b/L, >50yrs , + fever, jaw claudication
 Arthritis – TM joint arthritis
costen’s syndrome

10.  Elderly , pain in eyebrow
 thin papery white scars- anaesthetic
 Continual & burning

11.  Referred pain
 Trivial head injuries – post concussion
headache
 HTN – pheochromocytoma
 Iatrogenic- nitrates , nifedipine, post-lumbar
puncture
 Caffeine, smoking