The document discusses dementia, amnesia, and delirium. It defines dementia as a global impairment of cognitive function affecting memory, visuospatial skills, language, concentration and attention. The most common causes of dementia are Alzheimer's disease and cerebral vascular disease. Delirium is distinguished from dementia by its acute onset, fluctuating course, and clouded consciousness.

1. DEMENTIA

2.  75 year old Retd school teacher.
 Memory loss- lost purse, searches for
objects - 2 months.
 Mental stressor – quarrel with son - 2
months.

3. AMNESIA
 Amnesia is a deficit of memory, i.e., the
storage or retrieval of consciously
processed information.
 Focal lesions in limbic structures.
 Anterograde n retrograde amnesia

4. WHAT IS DEMENTIA?
 Global impairment of cognitive function,
memory affected in the early stages;
visuospatial function, language ability,
concentration and attention gets affected
gradually.
 Acquired and persistent impairment in
multiple areas of intellectual function not
due to delirium.

5.  Loss of mental functions.
 Usually above 65 yrs
 Most common cause- ALZHIEMER`S
DISEASE and CEREBRAL VASCULAR
DIEASE.

6. DSM 1V DEFINITION
Multiple cognitive deficits
memory impairment
Aphasia,
Apraxia,
Agnosia,
Disturbance in executive functioning.

7. CAUSES OF DEMENTIA
 Vascular -diffuse small
vessel disease
 Deg/inherited - Alzheimer`s
disease
 Neoplastic - secondary
deposits
 Inflammatory -multiple sclerosis
 Infective

8.  Traumatic -c/c subdural
haematoma,
post head injury
 Toxic/nutritional-alcoholism
 Hydrocephalus
 Prion`s disease

9. REVERSIBLE VS
IRREVERSIBLE
 Reversible – can be corrected
infection,SDH,B12 def
hypothyroidism,neoplasm
hydrocephalus
 Irreversible –Alzhiemer`s disease
Prion`s disease
SSPE

10. CORTICAL VS SUBCORTICAL
CORTICAL (AD) SUBCORTICAL (PD)
Normal cognitive processing, Slowing, but correct
wrong answers
Severe amnesia, recall n Better recognition, improved by
recognition affected clues
Executive abilities preserved Disproportionately affected
Aphasia prominent Normal with dysarthria n less
word output
Personality intact until late Apathetic n inert
Mood normal, sometimes elated Depression

11. DELIRIUM
 Disturbance in the level of consciousness.
 Acute disorder of cognition characterized
by fluctuating disturbance in attention.
 Often reversible
 Develops over a short period of time and
tends to fluctuate during the course of
the day.

12. DELIRIUM
DEMENTIA
 Onset - Acute/subacute insidious
 Course- Fluctuating stable
 Duration - Hrs to days Months to
yrs
 Consciousness -Clouded Clear
 Attention - Impaired normal

13. Thank you