Roots
•Download as PPTX, PDF•
10 likes•1,916 views
This document discusses the morphology and functions of roots in angiosperms. It describes the primary functions of roots as anchorage, absorption, and secondary functions like storage, respiration, parasitism, and vegetative reproduction. The regions of roots and their functions are outlined, including the growth, elongation, and maturation zones. Modifications of roots are also summarized, including breathing roots called pneumatophores which have pores called lenticels for respiration, stilt roots which provide additional support, and prop roots of banyan trees which grow down from branches for support.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
STEMS STRUCTURE AND MODIFICATION.pptx
Stems of many plants are modified to perform different functions such as storage, protection, photosynthesis, support, propagation and perennation. Modifications help in better adaptation and survival.
Stems develop from the plumule of the germinating seed. It bears leaves, fruits, flowers, etc. The characteristic feature of a stem is nodes and internodes. The main function of the stem is to support other parts of the plant and conduction of food, water and minerals.
In some plants, stems are modified, which can be aerial, subaerial or underground modifications. They are modified to perform other functions, which are not normally associated with the stem.
Plant morphology
This document discusses the morphology of plants. It describes the three basic plant organs as roots, stems, and leaves. For each organ, it outlines their characteristics, functions, types and modifications. For roots, it discusses the root cap, zones of a root, taproot vs fibrous root systems, and storage and support root modifications. For stems, it covers nodes, internodes, buds and their types, as well as underground, sub-aerial and aerial stem modifications. Finally, it outlines leaf structure including petioles, blades, epidermis, stomata and mesophyll, and describes buds and their locations.
Stem characteristics, functions and modifications
Stems have four main functions: support, conduction, growth, and storage. Stems can be modified in various ways including tendrils, thorns, hooks, phylloclades, and bulbils. Some stems are sub-aerial and include runners, stolons, suckers, and offsets. Multipurpose underground stem modifications include rhizomes, corms, stem tubers, and bulbs which store food, allow vegetative propagation, are protected underground, and allow for perennation.
structure and development of Stem and Root
The document discusses the structure and development of plant roots and stems. It describes how roots absorb water and minerals to support the plant, transport nutrients, and in some cases store food or enable vegetative reproduction. Roots have a tapered shape to easily penetrate soil. The document also outlines the functions of stems in distributing water and nutrients between roots and leaves. Stems support leaves, flowers, and seeds and can be used for various human purposes. The types of roots include taproots for food storage and fibrous roots for foundation support. Stem types include woody, grass-like, and wet varieties.
Different types of inflorescence
This document presents information on different types of inflorescences. It discusses racemose inflorescences, where the main axis grows continually and flowers form laterally in an acropetal succession. Some examples of racemose inflorescences include racemes, spikes, spikelets, catkins, spadices, corymbs, umbels, and capitula. It also discusses cymose inflorescences, where the main axis growth is checked by the formation of the terminal flower, leading to younger flowers developing on lateral branches. Examples of cymose inflorescences include uniparous, biparous, and multiparous types. The document also briefly describes some
TYPES OF FLOWERS, FRUITS,DICOT AND MONOCOT SEEDS
Flower is a reproductive structure that contains either male or female organs or both. A flower contains several parts including sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil. There are different types of flowers including bisexual, unisexual, and neutral flowers. Seeds come from fruits and there are two main types - monocot seeds with one cotyledon and dicot seeds with two cotyledons. Monocot seeds have an embryo with one cotyledon called a scutellum and endosperm as the storage tissue. Dicot seeds have an embryo containing a primary axis and two cotyledons which act as storage organs.
Family Malvaceae
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea, Malva and Lavatera, as well as Tilia
Botany plant morphology
This document provides information on plant morphology, specifically focusing on roots, stems, and leaves. It discusses the main parts and functions of roots, including the different types of roots and their modifications. It also covers the forms and modifications of stems, including underground, aerial, and specialized modifications. Finally, it addresses the main regions and functions of leaves. The key information presented in the document relates to the differentiation of typical plant bodies and the variations that exist among root, stem, and leaf structures across plant species.
Recommended
STEMS STRUCTURE AND MODIFICATION.pptx
Stems of many plants are modified to perform different functions such as storage, protection, photosynthesis, support, propagation and perennation. Modifications help in better adaptation and survival.
Stems develop from the plumule of the germinating seed. It bears leaves, fruits, flowers, etc. The characteristic feature of a stem is nodes and internodes. The main function of the stem is to support other parts of the plant and conduction of food, water and minerals.
In some plants, stems are modified, which can be aerial, subaerial or underground modifications. They are modified to perform other functions, which are not normally associated with the stem.
Plant morphology
This document discusses the morphology of plants. It describes the three basic plant organs as roots, stems, and leaves. For each organ, it outlines their characteristics, functions, types and modifications. For roots, it discusses the root cap, zones of a root, taproot vs fibrous root systems, and storage and support root modifications. For stems, it covers nodes, internodes, buds and their types, as well as underground, sub-aerial and aerial stem modifications. Finally, it outlines leaf structure including petioles, blades, epidermis, stomata and mesophyll, and describes buds and their locations.
Stem characteristics, functions and modifications
Stems have four main functions: support, conduction, growth, and storage. Stems can be modified in various ways including tendrils, thorns, hooks, phylloclades, and bulbils. Some stems are sub-aerial and include runners, stolons, suckers, and offsets. Multipurpose underground stem modifications include rhizomes, corms, stem tubers, and bulbs which store food, allow vegetative propagation, are protected underground, and allow for perennation.
structure and development of Stem and Root
The document discusses the structure and development of plant roots and stems. It describes how roots absorb water and minerals to support the plant, transport nutrients, and in some cases store food or enable vegetative reproduction. Roots have a tapered shape to easily penetrate soil. The document also outlines the functions of stems in distributing water and nutrients between roots and leaves. Stems support leaves, flowers, and seeds and can be used for various human purposes. The types of roots include taproots for food storage and fibrous roots for foundation support. Stem types include woody, grass-like, and wet varieties.
Different types of inflorescence
This document presents information on different types of inflorescences. It discusses racemose inflorescences, where the main axis grows continually and flowers form laterally in an acropetal succession. Some examples of racemose inflorescences include racemes, spikes, spikelets, catkins, spadices, corymbs, umbels, and capitula. It also discusses cymose inflorescences, where the main axis growth is checked by the formation of the terminal flower, leading to younger flowers developing on lateral branches. Examples of cymose inflorescences include uniparous, biparous, and multiparous types. The document also briefly describes some
TYPES OF FLOWERS, FRUITS,DICOT AND MONOCOT SEEDS
Flower is a reproductive structure that contains either male or female organs or both. A flower contains several parts including sepals, petals, stamens, and pistil. There are different types of flowers including bisexual, unisexual, and neutral flowers. Seeds come from fruits and there are two main types - monocot seeds with one cotyledon and dicot seeds with two cotyledons. Monocot seeds have an embryo with one cotyledon called a scutellum and endosperm as the storage tissue. Dicot seeds have an embryo containing a primary axis and two cotyledons which act as storage organs.
Family Malvaceae
Malvaceae, or the mallows, is a family of flowering plants estimated to contain 244 genera with 4225 known species. Well-known members of economic importance include okra, cotton, cacao and durian. There are also some genera containing familiar ornamentals, such as Alcea, Malva and Lavatera, as well as Tilia
Botany plant morphology
This document provides information on plant morphology, specifically focusing on roots, stems, and leaves. It discusses the main parts and functions of roots, including the different types of roots and their modifications. It also covers the forms and modifications of stems, including underground, aerial, and specialized modifications. Finally, it addresses the main regions and functions of leaves. The key information presented in the document relates to the differentiation of typical plant bodies and the variations that exist among root, stem, and leaf structures across plant species.
Plant stem
In Plant physiology stem act as one of the main characteristics which bear leaves,flowers,fruits and many other activities will done through the stem.
Flower Morphology 2 (updated)
The document defines and describes various parts of flowers including the pedicel, sepal, petal, perianth, calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium, as well as flower symmetry and types. It also discusses inflorescence structures such as spikes, racemes, umbels, heads, corymbs and spikelets. Different inflorescence examples like daisies, proteas, hawthorns and grasses are provided. The document provides morphological terminology for comprehensive description and identification of floral structures.
Leaves modifications.pptx
Plants are an essential part of the ecosystem. Every life on the earth is directly or indirectly dependent on plants. Among the different parts of a plant, the leaf is the most essential.
Stem Functions And its modifications
The document defines a stem and describes its main functions as supporting leaves and branches, transporting water and nutrients, performing photosynthesis, and storing food. It notes stems can be modified for specialized functions. Some examples of stem modifications include tubers, stolons, corms, tendrils, bulbs, and rhizomes.
Leaf structure, adaptations, development
Leaves develop from leaf primordia in the shoot apical meristem. They have three main parts - the lamina, petiole, and leaf base. The lamina is the broad, typically green, photosynthetic part of the leaf. Leaves come in many shapes and sizes and have a variety of venation patterns and arrangements on the stem. Leaves also have many modified forms that take on additional functions like storage or reproduction.
Gymnosperm characteristics
The document discusses the morphology, anatomy, and reproductive structures of gymnosperms. It focuses on Cycas, describing its external morphology such as its unbranched stem covered in persistent leaf bases and pinnately compound leaves. Internally, it notes Cycas has monoxylic wood and coralloid roots that form a symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria. It also details the structures and development of male and female reproductive organs in Cycas, which are dioecious and wind pollinated. Cycas reproduces sexually through seeds and vegetatively through bulbils.
Leaves
This document discusses the anatomy and functions of leaves. It begins by defining a leaf as a lateral outgrowth of a stem with an axillary bud that performs photosynthesis. A typical leaf consists of a petiole, blade, midrib and veins. Leaves can be arranged alternately, opposite, or in whorls on the stem. The venation, margins, shapes, bases and apices can vary. Specialized leaves exist for reproduction, aeration, support, protection, storage, attraction, and absorption/digestion of insects and nutrients.
Classification of Gymnosperms (K.R.Sporne).pptx
* The Gymnosperms originated in the Devonian period of the Palaeozoic Era and formed the supreme vegetation in the Mesozoic Era.
* It was Robert Brown (1827) who first recognised gymnosperms as a separate entity among plant kingdom.
Stems
This document discusses the functions and structures of plant stems. It describes stems as structures that support plants, conduct water and food, and store products like water, starch, and sugars. Stems are made up of nodes and internodes and contain buds. The document contrasts characteristics of herbaceous versus woody stems. It outlines secondary functions of stems including protection, photosynthesis, support, storage, and reproduction. Various specialized structures are defined, such as rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, corms, runners, stolons, offsets, suckers, tendrils, thorns, cladophylls, and phylloclades.
Structure, Development & Function of Periderm
A group of secondary tissues forming a protective layer which replaces the epidermis of many plant stems, roots, and other parts.
Although periderm may develop in leaves and fruits, its main function is to protects stems and roots.
The periderm consists of three different layers:
Phelloderm
Phellogen (cork cambium)
Phellem (cork)
Its main function is to protect the underlying tissues from:
Desiccation
Freezing
Heat injury
Mechanical destruction
Disease
Loss of epidermis.
Bounding tissue restricting the pathogen & insects.
Allowing gaseous exchange through lenticels.
Family lamiaceae
This document summarizes the taxonomic classification and characteristics of plants in the mint family (Lamiaceae). It describes their vegetative and floral structures and provides an example analysis of the species Ocimum sanctum. Some economic uses of Lamiaceae plants are mentioned, including as food, medicine, ornamentals, perfumes, and dyes. Key details provided include that they are mostly aromatic herbs or shrubs, have opposite leaves, bilabiate calyces and corollas, and schizocarpic fruits.
ROOT & STEM MORPHOLOGY
1) Morphology is the study of the external features, arrangement, and relationships of plant organs. Roots grow underground and absorb water and minerals, anchoring the plant. Stems grow above ground and transport nutrients between roots and leaves.
2) Roots have various modifications including storage roots, prop roots, stilt roots, climbing roots, and parasitic roots. Stems also have modifications underground like bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and above ground like runners, stolons, and suckers.
3) Vegetative plant organs include roots, stems, and leaves. Roots have different root systems and serve functions of anchoring, absorption, and storage. Stems support leaves and
Floral formulas and diagrams
Floral formulas and diagrams are used to concisely summarize key characteristics of flower structures. Floral formulas use symbols to describe floral symmetry, number of sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. Additional symbols indicate features like connation, adnation, ovary position and more. Floral diagrams are cross-sectional illustrations that similarly show symmetry and part relationships, but cannot show ovary position like formulas can. Together, formulas and diagrams provide useful shorthand for comparing angiosperm flower characteristics.
Root - Characteristics, types, Structure & Functions
This document summarizes the characteristics, types, structure, and functions of plant roots. It defines roots as the underground part of the plant that grows downward into the soil and absorbs water and minerals. Roots are usually cylindrical and lack chlorophyll. The document outlines two main types of roots: tap roots, which develop from seed germination, and adventitious roots, which develop from other plant parts. It provides examples of fibrous, foliar, and true adventitious roots and diagrams of root systems in plants like maize, wheat and rice.
ROOTS
The document outlines the structure and function of plant roots. It discusses the evolution of roots from early vascular plants. There are two main root systems - taproots which develop from a single main root, and fibrous root systems with many branching roots. Primary root tissues include the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle and vascular tissues. Root growth and development is driven by the apical meristem. Lateral and adventitious roots develop from root primordia. Roots undergo secondary growth and have specialized structures to carry out functions like storage, support and nutrient absorption.
Morphology of flowering plants - I (root, stem & leaf)
This document provides information on plant root morphology from Dr. Aarif. It discusses the key parts and regions of the root including the root cap, meristematic region, elongation region, root hair region, and maturation region. It describes the functions of roots and modifications such as taproots and adventitious root systems. Taproots are further divided into storage roots like conical, fusiform, and napiform roots. Adventitious roots can form prop roots, stilt roots, and climbing roots. The document also discusses underground modifications like rhizomes, tubers, corms, and bulbs which allow for food storage, perennation, and vegetative propagation.
Caesalpinioideae
The document discusses the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is comprised of around 150 genera and 2,700 species of mostly tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs. Key characteristics include compound leaves, flowers with 5 sepals and petals, 10 stamens (sometimes fused), a single carpel, and fruit that is a legume or pod. Examples described include the peacock flower (Caesalpinia pulcherrima), flame tree (Delonix regia), Indian laburnum (Cassia fistula), orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata), Jerusalem thorn (Parkinsonia aculeata), and tamarind (Tamarindus
Leaf Structure
This document provides information on the structure, adaptations, and development of leaves. It describes the key characteristics and parts of leaves including the lamina, petiole, stipules, venation patterns, and modifications. The functions of leaves are explained as photosynthesis, transpiration, conduction of water and minerals. Secondary functions include storage, reproduction, and protection. The internal structures of dicot and monocot leaves are compared. In summary, the document is an overview of leaf structure, function, adaptations and the differences between monocot and dicot leaves.
Liliaceae
The document discusses the Liliaceae plant family, which includes 250 genera and 4000 species found worldwide, including 169 species in India. It describes key characteristics of the family such as herbaceous or woody habit, underground stems like rhizomes or bulbs, alternately arranged leaves, hypogynous flowers with trimerous perianth and androecium, and syncarpous gynoecium. Members of Liliaceae have economic importance as foods, medicines, fibers, resins, and ornamentals.
Angiosperms
Angiosperms are flowering plants that evolved around 125-100 million years ago. They are the largest group of plants, making up approximately 80% of all known living plant species. Angiosperms have flowers and fruits and characteristics like roots, stems, leaves, xylem, and phloem. They are divided into two classes - monocots which have one cotyledon, and dicots which have two. Angiosperms occupy nearly every habitat on Earth with some exceptions. They are economically important as sources of food, fibers, medicines and more.
Root modification
There are several types of root modifications including conical, fusiform, napiform, and tuberous storage roots as well as stilt roots that serve different purposes for plant survival and growth. Conical, fusiform, and napiform roots are modified for storage while tuberous roots are thickened for storage and stilt roots elevate the plant above the ground.
Specialized roots
The document discusses various types of specialized plant roots and their functions, including aerating roots which rise above ground or water for gas exchange, aerial roots which grow entirely above ground for support, and stilt roots which are common among mangroves and grow down from branches to provide support in soil. Storage roots like carrots and beets are also mentioned, which are modified to store food or water.
More Related Content
What's hot
Plant stem
In Plant physiology stem act as one of the main characteristics which bear leaves,flowers,fruits and many other activities will done through the stem.
Flower Morphology 2 (updated)
The document defines and describes various parts of flowers including the pedicel, sepal, petal, perianth, calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium, as well as flower symmetry and types. It also discusses inflorescence structures such as spikes, racemes, umbels, heads, corymbs and spikelets. Different inflorescence examples like daisies, proteas, hawthorns and grasses are provided. The document provides morphological terminology for comprehensive description and identification of floral structures.
Leaves modifications.pptx
Plants are an essential part of the ecosystem. Every life on the earth is directly or indirectly dependent on plants. Among the different parts of a plant, the leaf is the most essential.
Stem Functions And its modifications
The document defines a stem and describes its main functions as supporting leaves and branches, transporting water and nutrients, performing photosynthesis, and storing food. It notes stems can be modified for specialized functions. Some examples of stem modifications include tubers, stolons, corms, tendrils, bulbs, and rhizomes.
Leaf structure, adaptations, development
Leaves develop from leaf primordia in the shoot apical meristem. They have three main parts - the lamina, petiole, and leaf base. The lamina is the broad, typically green, photosynthetic part of the leaf. Leaves come in many shapes and sizes and have a variety of venation patterns and arrangements on the stem. Leaves also have many modified forms that take on additional functions like storage or reproduction.
Gymnosperm characteristics
The document discusses the morphology, anatomy, and reproductive structures of gymnosperms. It focuses on Cycas, describing its external morphology such as its unbranched stem covered in persistent leaf bases and pinnately compound leaves. Internally, it notes Cycas has monoxylic wood and coralloid roots that form a symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria. It also details the structures and development of male and female reproductive organs in Cycas, which are dioecious and wind pollinated. Cycas reproduces sexually through seeds and vegetatively through bulbils.
Leaves
This document discusses the anatomy and functions of leaves. It begins by defining a leaf as a lateral outgrowth of a stem with an axillary bud that performs photosynthesis. A typical leaf consists of a petiole, blade, midrib and veins. Leaves can be arranged alternately, opposite, or in whorls on the stem. The venation, margins, shapes, bases and apices can vary. Specialized leaves exist for reproduction, aeration, support, protection, storage, attraction, and absorption/digestion of insects and nutrients.
Classification of Gymnosperms (K.R.Sporne).pptx
* The Gymnosperms originated in the Devonian period of the Palaeozoic Era and formed the supreme vegetation in the Mesozoic Era.
* It was Robert Brown (1827) who first recognised gymnosperms as a separate entity among plant kingdom.
Stems
This document discusses the functions and structures of plant stems. It describes stems as structures that support plants, conduct water and food, and store products like water, starch, and sugars. Stems are made up of nodes and internodes and contain buds. The document contrasts characteristics of herbaceous versus woody stems. It outlines secondary functions of stems including protection, photosynthesis, support, storage, and reproduction. Various specialized structures are defined, such as rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, corms, runners, stolons, offsets, suckers, tendrils, thorns, cladophylls, and phylloclades.
Structure, Development & Function of Periderm
A group of secondary tissues forming a protective layer which replaces the epidermis of many plant stems, roots, and other parts.
Although periderm may develop in leaves and fruits, its main function is to protects stems and roots.
The periderm consists of three different layers:
Phelloderm
Phellogen (cork cambium)
Phellem (cork)
Its main function is to protect the underlying tissues from:
Desiccation
Freezing
Heat injury
Mechanical destruction
Disease
Loss of epidermis.
Bounding tissue restricting the pathogen & insects.
Allowing gaseous exchange through lenticels.
Family lamiaceae
This document summarizes the taxonomic classification and characteristics of plants in the mint family (Lamiaceae). It describes their vegetative and floral structures and provides an example analysis of the species Ocimum sanctum. Some economic uses of Lamiaceae plants are mentioned, including as food, medicine, ornamentals, perfumes, and dyes. Key details provided include that they are mostly aromatic herbs or shrubs, have opposite leaves, bilabiate calyces and corollas, and schizocarpic fruits.
ROOT & STEM MORPHOLOGY
1) Morphology is the study of the external features, arrangement, and relationships of plant organs. Roots grow underground and absorb water and minerals, anchoring the plant. Stems grow above ground and transport nutrients between roots and leaves.
2) Roots have various modifications including storage roots, prop roots, stilt roots, climbing roots, and parasitic roots. Stems also have modifications underground like bulbs, corms, rhizomes, and above ground like runners, stolons, and suckers.
3) Vegetative plant organs include roots, stems, and leaves. Roots have different root systems and serve functions of anchoring, absorption, and storage. Stems support leaves and
Floral formulas and diagrams
Floral formulas and diagrams are used to concisely summarize key characteristics of flower structures. Floral formulas use symbols to describe floral symmetry, number of sepals, petals, stamens and carpels. Additional symbols indicate features like connation, adnation, ovary position and more. Floral diagrams are cross-sectional illustrations that similarly show symmetry and part relationships, but cannot show ovary position like formulas can. Together, formulas and diagrams provide useful shorthand for comparing angiosperm flower characteristics.
Root - Characteristics, types, Structure & Functions
This document summarizes the characteristics, types, structure, and functions of plant roots. It defines roots as the underground part of the plant that grows downward into the soil and absorbs water and minerals. Roots are usually cylindrical and lack chlorophyll. The document outlines two main types of roots: tap roots, which develop from seed germination, and adventitious roots, which develop from other plant parts. It provides examples of fibrous, foliar, and true adventitious roots and diagrams of root systems in plants like maize, wheat and rice.
ROOTS
The document outlines the structure and function of plant roots. It discusses the evolution of roots from early vascular plants. There are two main root systems - taproots which develop from a single main root, and fibrous root systems with many branching roots. Primary root tissues include the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle and vascular tissues. Root growth and development is driven by the apical meristem. Lateral and adventitious roots develop from root primordia. Roots undergo secondary growth and have specialized structures to carry out functions like storage, support and nutrient absorption.
Morphology of flowering plants - I (root, stem & leaf)
This document provides information on plant root morphology from Dr. Aarif. It discusses the key parts and regions of the root including the root cap, meristematic region, elongation region, root hair region, and maturation region. It describes the functions of roots and modifications such as taproots and adventitious root systems. Taproots are further divided into storage roots like conical, fusiform, and napiform roots. Adventitious roots can form prop roots, stilt roots, and climbing roots. The document also discusses underground modifications like rhizomes, tubers, corms, and bulbs which allow for food storage, perennation, and vegetative propagation.
Caesalpinioideae
The document discusses the subfamily Caesalpinioideae. It is comprised of around 150 genera and 2,700 species of mostly tropical and subtropical trees and shrubs. Key characteristics include compound leaves, flowers with 5 sepals and petals, 10 stamens (sometimes fused), a single carpel, and fruit that is a legume or pod. Examples described include the peacock flower (Caesalpinia pulcherrima), flame tree (Delonix regia), Indian laburnum (Cassia fistula), orchid tree (Bauhinia variegata), Jerusalem thorn (Parkinsonia aculeata), and tamarind (Tamarindus
Leaf Structure
This document provides information on the structure, adaptations, and development of leaves. It describes the key characteristics and parts of leaves including the lamina, petiole, stipules, venation patterns, and modifications. The functions of leaves are explained as photosynthesis, transpiration, conduction of water and minerals. Secondary functions include storage, reproduction, and protection. The internal structures of dicot and monocot leaves are compared. In summary, the document is an overview of leaf structure, function, adaptations and the differences between monocot and dicot leaves.
Liliaceae
The document discusses the Liliaceae plant family, which includes 250 genera and 4000 species found worldwide, including 169 species in India. It describes key characteristics of the family such as herbaceous or woody habit, underground stems like rhizomes or bulbs, alternately arranged leaves, hypogynous flowers with trimerous perianth and androecium, and syncarpous gynoecium. Members of Liliaceae have economic importance as foods, medicines, fibers, resins, and ornamentals.
Angiosperms
Angiosperms are flowering plants that evolved around 125-100 million years ago. They are the largest group of plants, making up approximately 80% of all known living plant species. Angiosperms have flowers and fruits and characteristics like roots, stems, leaves, xylem, and phloem. They are divided into two classes - monocots which have one cotyledon, and dicots which have two. Angiosperms occupy nearly every habitat on Earth with some exceptions. They are economically important as sources of food, fibers, medicines and more.
What's hot (20)
Root - Characteristics, types, Structure & Functions
Root - Characteristics, types, Structure & Functions
Morphology of flowering plants - I (root, stem & leaf)
Morphology of flowering plants - I (root, stem & leaf)
Viewers also liked
Root modification
There are several types of root modifications including conical, fusiform, napiform, and tuberous storage roots as well as stilt roots that serve different purposes for plant survival and growth. Conical, fusiform, and napiform roots are modified for storage while tuberous roots are thickened for storage and stilt roots elevate the plant above the ground.
Specialized roots
The document discusses various types of specialized plant roots and their functions, including aerating roots which rise above ground or water for gas exchange, aerial roots which grow entirely above ground for support, and stilt roots which are common among mangroves and grow down from branches to provide support in soil. Storage roots like carrots and beets are also mentioned, which are modified to store food or water.
Modifications of roots
The document discusses various modifications of roots. Underground roots like taproots and adventitious roots undergo modifications for storage and propagation. Taproots become swollen in different shapes like fusiform, napiform, and conical for food storage. Adventitious roots form tubers or clusters. Aerial roots modify for mechanical support as prop, stilt, or climbing roots or for vital functions as haustoria, pneumatophores, floating, or epiphytic roots.
Moraceae power point
The document provides information about the Moraceae family of plants:
- It comprises 37 genera and over 1,000 species found primarily in tropical regions.
- The largest genera are Ficus with over 750 species and Dorstenia with 150 species worldwide.
- Features include trees, shrubs, or vines that produce milky latex and have alternate leaves.
Diversity of the Mulberry family (Moraceae)
This document discusses the Moraceae family, which includes mulberry, fig, and osage-orange trees. It describes the taxonomy, morphology, uses, and conservation of important species. Key points include: the Moraceae family has economic and ecological importance as a food source for humans and silk production, as well as medicinal uses; mulberry leaves are the sole food for silkworms; conservation efforts include cryopreservation of buds and seed banking.
Presentation About Ficus trees Plantation Project
This presentation is about the Ficustrees plantation project.It was a joint venture of Safwan Foundation and WWF-Pakistan.
Moraceae
- Moraceae is a plant family belonging to the order Rosales. It includes 40 genera and over 1100 species with worldwide distribution.
- It includes several economically important trees like breadfruit, edible fig, and mulberry trees. It also includes ornamental plants and trees whose leaves are food for silkworms.
- Members are mostly monoecious or dioecious trees, shrubs, vines, or herbs that often contain a milky latex. They have simple or compound leaves, prop or buttress roots, and variable inflorescences.
Roots
The document summarizes plant root structure and function. It discusses the main functions of roots including anchoring the plant, absorbing water and minerals, food storage, and propagation. It describes the typical morphology of dicot and monocot roots. It also explains the tissues that make up roots including the epidermis, cortex, endodermis, pericycle, and vascular tissues. Root hairs, the apical meristem, and root modifications are also summarized.
Plant parts and roots
The external structure of plants includes the root system and shoot system. The root system is found underground and performs several important functions, such as anchoring the plant, absorbing water and minerals, and storing food. There are different types of root systems, including tap roots, fibrous roots, and specialized roots like stilt roots, prop roots, and aerial roots. The shoot system is found above ground and includes stems, leaves, flowers, and fruits.
Plant organ
Roots have several functions including absorbing water and minerals, anchoring the plant, and storing food. There are two main root systems - taproot systems, where one primary root grows downward as the main root, and fibrous systems, where many adventitious roots grow. Specialized roots include aerial roots above ground, buttress roots for support, and storage roots for nutrient storage.
Gramineae (poaceae).it is the one of the largest plant family
poaceae or true grass is a monocotyledon family.the family consist mainly grasses.different varieties of grasses are present under the categories.one of the most advanced reproductive mechanisms are present in the family.
Moraceae power point
The document summarizes key information about the mulberry family (Moraceae). It discusses that the family comprises 37 genera and 1050 species that are mostly found in tropical regions. It then describes some of the largest genera, including Ficus with 759 worldwide species. The document outlines morphological features of the family including habit, latex, stipules, leaves, inflorescences, flowers, and fruits. It also provides examples of Moraceae species found in Malaysia. Finally, it discusses some economic uses of species from the family.
Family Moraceae - Botani Tumbuhan Tinggi
Family Moraceae (Beringin-beringinan) : Contoh, Ficus bejamina, Atrocarpus heterophyllus, Artrocarpus altilis.
John
The document discusses the root systems of plants. It compares the fibrous root system of corn seedlings to the tap root system of mongo seedlings. The primary root of mongo seedlings can penetrate deeply into the soil, along with secondary and tertiary roots. The document also provides examples of modified roots in different plant species, such as the conical root of radishes used for food storage and aerial roots in ivy and orchids that help with climbing. Finally, it addresses that root hairs enhance a root's absorption capability by creating capillary spaces that increase the root surface area.
Aalamaram
Ficus bengalensis, commonly known as the banyan tree, has several medicinal uses. Its leaves can cure dysentery associated with blood when ground and taken with curd. A decoction made from the barks of Ficus bengalensis, Ficus racemosa, and Indigofera tinctoria boiled with pepper can remove poisons from the body from medications containing mercury. Many parts of the banyan tree are used to treat syphilis, diabetes, stomach problems, and increase strength.
landscaping Trees...
The document provides information on several tree species:
1) The black mangrove grows in tropical and subtropical coastlines and can reach 10-15 meters tall. Its seeds germinate in midsummer.
2) The gumbo-limbo tree is native to tropical Americas and can grow up to 30 meters tall with reddish bark and pinnate leaves. It bears fruit year-round but mainly in spring.
3) The royal poinciana is cultivated as an ornamental tree for its large red or orange flowers and long seed pods. It provides shade as a modest sized tree.
Gymnosperm trees Botany 2012 cloutier
Gymnosperm trees, also known as conifers, are evergreen trees that do not lose their needle-like leaves. Conifers have a variety of leaf types and undergo sexual reproduction and a life cycle to produce new trees. They provide beauty, materials for fuel and building, and homes for wildlife.
Sporopollenin- nature, properties and uses
Sporopollenin is a highly resistant organic polymer that makes up the outer wall of pollen grains and spores. It is very stable over geological timescales, allowing pollen recovered from sediments to be used for palynology research to study past plant and fungal populations. Sporopollenin's chemical inertness also makes it useful for drug delivery and detoxification applications by binding to toxins and chemicals. It has a complex structure and composition that allows it to take on these important functions in nature, medicine, and research.
Leaf traits of Ficus: an evolutionary prespective
A presentation for the 2013 Applied Fieldcourse in Ecology and Evolution at the Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden.
Angiospermas fabaceae
O documento descreve a família Fabaceae, incluindo suas subfamílias, distribuição geográfica e importância econômica. Ele também fornece detalhes sobre a espécie Calliandra brevipes, como sua origem na América do Sul, habitat natural e qualidades ornamentais.
Viewers also liked (20)
Gramineae (poaceae).it is the one of the largest plant family
Gramineae (poaceae).it is the one of the largest plant family
Similar to Roots
Paleobotany for B.Sc III(Botany-Semester III) As per the syllabus of S.P.P.U...
This topic includes fossils,process and conditions for fossilization. types of fossils and study of some fossils.
Root and its types
The document summarizes the morphology of vascular plant roots. It defines roots as cylindrical plant organs that grow toward gravity without chlorophyll. There are two main types of roots discussed: tape roots and adventitious roots. Tape roots can be conical, fusiform, or napiform in shape. Adventitious roots include underground, aerial, parasitic, and aquatic roots. The key functions of roots are listed as anchorage, absorption of water and minerals, storage of reserve food, vegetative growth, and fixation of atmospheric nitrogen.
Presentation of roots
This document summarizes the morphology and types of plant roots. It begins with definitions of roots and their origin from seeds. Roots have four zones - root cap, apical meristem, elongation zone, and root hairs. Roots transport water and nutrients from the soil. There are two main types of roots: tap roots and adventitious roots. Tap roots have a main central root with lateral roots sprouting from it. Tap roots can be storage organs and come in three shapes - conical, fusiform, and napiform. Common plants with tap roots include carrots, beets, and turnips.
Stem
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada university, Aurangabad, maharashtra, syllabus of B. Sc. Botany First year (Semester-I, paper-II
Root System.pptx
This document discusses the morphology and types of root systems in flowering plants. It describes the three main root systems - tap root system, fibrous root system, and adventitious root system. The regions of the root are also outlined, including the root cap, region of meristematic activity, region of elongation, and region of maturation. Modifications and forms of roots are covered, such as prop roots, stilt roots, and pneumatophores for support and respiration, as well as fusiform, napiform, conical, and tuberous roots for food storage.
Ecological groups
Ecological groups are defined as groups of plants that grow under the same environmental factors. There are four main ecological groups: hydrophytes, xerophytes, halophytes, and epiphytes. Hydrophytes grow in or near water and have adaptations like reduced roots and stems, thin leaves, and air cavities for gas exchange. Xerophytes grow in dry areas and have adaptations like deep roots, small or absent leaves, waxy coatings, and succulence to retain water. Halophytes grow in saline soils and have adaptations like succulence, salt glands, and negative geotropism. Epiphytes grow on other plants and have clinging roots and thick leaves and cut
Morphology Of Flowering Plants
The document discusses the morphology and modifications of plant roots and stems. It begins by defining roots and their characteristics, including their regions and functions. It describes different root systems and modifications like taproots, adventitious roots, and respiratory roots. It then discusses stem characteristics and functions, and modifications including underground structures like rhizomes, tubers, bulbs; and aerial structures like tendrils and thorns. The document provides detailed descriptions of these anatomical structures and their roles in plants.
5. Morphology.pptx
The document discusses the morphology and modifications of roots in plants. It describes the main regions and functions of typical roots, including the root cap, meristematic region, region of elongation, region of root hairs, and region of maturation. It also discusses two main root systems - tap roots and adventitious roots. Tap roots develop from the radicle and form a main tap root with branches. Adventitious roots develop from other parts like stems and leaves. Some roots are modified for specialized functions like storage, respiration, support, and parasitism.
9.2 transport in angiospermophytes
The root system provides a large surface area for uptake of water and minerals through branching and root hairs. Minerals move into the root through diffusion, fungal hyphae, or mass flow with water and are absorbed into roots by active transport. Terrestrial plants support themselves with thickened cell walls, turgor pressure, and lignified xylem. Transpiration is the loss of water vapor from leaves and stems, which establishes a transpiration stream that transports water and minerals through the xylem.
Can changes in root anatomical traits during stress enhance drought & Salini...
There are array of ways of studying plant response to drought or any kind of stress, ranging from physiological, morphological, cellular level, biochemical, anatomical or even at molecular level. This presentation deals or shows how plant tissues can respond under stress at anatomical level and hence contribution to tolerance.
Can changes in root anatomical traits during stress enhance drought & Salini...
There are array of ways of studying plant response to drought or any kind of stress, ranging from physiological, morphological, cellular level, biochemical, anatomical or even at molecular level. This presentation deals or shows how plant tissues can respond under stress at anatomical level and hence contribution to tolerance.
Absorption of water
It includes Theories of absorption of water, different types of radial water movement in roots, factors affecting absorption of wtaer.
Mineral nutrition, absoprtion & assimililation
This document discusses mineral nutrition and absorption in plants. It covers essential mineral nutrients, how they are absorbed by plant roots from the soil solution and transported throughout the plant. The key points are:
1) Plants require mineral nutrients which are absorbed from the soil by roots and transported via xylem to other plant parts.
2) There are 16 essential mineral nutrients grouped by their functions in plant metabolism and structure.
3) Nutrients are absorbed as ions by root hairs and transported through the root before loading into the xylem for long-distance transport.
4) Once in plant tissues, nutrients are assimilated into organic molecules to support plant growth and metabolism.
General characteristics of Porifera | Dr.BGR Publications
The first multicellular organism with a cellular grade of an organization without well-definite tissue & organs.
Absorption of water ppt
Bajrang Bali presented on the absorption of water by plants. Water is absorbed through the root hairs located in the root hair zone and transported throughout the plant. Water can be absorbed actively, using energy from respiration, or passively through transpiration pull. Active absorption involves osmotic forces or can be non-osmotic, while passive absorption relies solely on transpiration. Factors like soil water availability, temperature, aeration, transpiration rate, and root morphology affect the absorption of water. Aquaporin proteins in cell membranes aid the transport of water molecules across plant cells.
Phosphorus cycle
The phosphorus cycle describes how phosphorus moves through the biosphere and lithosphere. Phosphorus is essential for life and is found in cell membranes, ATP, and bones. It cycles through geological and biological processes, with the long term cycle involving the weathering of phosphorus-containing rocks and the short term cycle moving phosphorus through ecosystems via photosynthesis, decomposition, and the food chain.
Photosynthesis
This document discusses photosynthesis and plant structures and processes related to photosynthesis. It describes how leaves are adapted through features like a large surface area, thinness, and chlorophyll to efficiently perform photosynthesis. These adaptations allow leaves to absorb sunlight, carbon dioxide, and produce carbohydrates. The document also discusses the transport systems in plants, including xylem and phloem, and how roots absorb water through osmosis and root hairs.
Plant Structure
The document summarizes the structure and function of key plant tissues and organs involved in photosynthesis. It discusses the three main tissue systems - dermal, ground, and vascular - and key cell types like parenchyma, collenchyma, and sclerenchyma. It focuses on the role of xylem and phloem in transporting water, minerals and glucose throughout the plant. Key plant organs like leaves, stems, and roots are also summarized. Leaves contain chloroplasts and stomata for gas exchange to facilitate photosynthesis. Roots absorb water and minerals from the soil. The stem provides structure and uses xylem and phloem to transport throughout the plant.
Ecological Adaptation ppt.pptx
“Any characteristic of an organism or its part which enable it to survive in its own particular habitat is called adaptation”. It is also defined as, “Adaptation is the evolutionary process whereby an organism becomes able to survive and reproduce in its habitat or habitats”. Adaptation is nothing but any changes in the structure or function of an organism or in any parts of its that results from natural selection and by which the organism becomes better fitted to survive and multiply in its environment.
Year 11 Module B4 Revision Notes
Plants are adapted for photosynthesis through features like broad, thin leaves with a waxy cuticle and stomata. Leaves contain chloroplasts and veins that transport water and nutrients. Photosynthesis produces oxygen and glucose from carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight. Transpiration creates a water flow through xylem vessels from roots to leaves. Intensive farming aims to maximize food production but can harm the environment through pesticide use and loss of habitats. Alternatives include organic farming, hydroponics, and biological pest control.
Similar to Roots (20)
Paleobotany for B.Sc III(Botany-Semester III) As per the syllabus of S.P.P.U...
Paleobotany for B.Sc III(Botany-Semester III) As per the syllabus of S.P.P.U...
Can changes in root anatomical traits during stress enhance drought & Salini...
Can changes in root anatomical traits during stress enhance drought & Salini...
Can changes in root anatomical traits during stress enhance drought & Salini...
Can changes in root anatomical traits during stress enhance drought & Salini...
General characteristics of Porifera | Dr.BGR Publications
General characteristics of Porifera | Dr.BGR Publications
More from Anjali Naik
Plant Cytogenetics: Incomplete dominance ppt
Prepared for B. Sc. III Botany students, based on the syllabus prescribed by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad.
Plant Cytogenetics:Codominace ppt
Prepared for B. Sc. III Botany students, based on the syllabus prescribed by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad.
Plant Cytogenetics: Inheritance of Lethal genes.
Prepared for B. Sc. III Botany students, based on the syllabus prescribed by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad.
Blood group inheritance
Prepared for B. Sc. III Botany students, based on the syllabus prescribed by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad.
Plant Cytogenetics: Dihybrid Inheritance
Prepared for B. Sc. III Botany students, based on the syllabus prescribed by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad.
Plant Cytogenetics: Nonepistatic genetic interaction comb shape in fowls
Prepared for B. Sc. III Botany students, based on the syllabus prescribed by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad.
Monohybrid inheritance,laws of dominance and Law of segregation
Prepared for B. Sc. III Botany students, based on the syllabus prescribed by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad.
Histology: Epidermal tissues
This document provides information about epidermal tissues, trichomes, and stomata. It discusses that the epidermis forms the outer protective layer of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. It contains parenchyma cells and can form hair-like unicellular or multicellular trichomes that protect against water loss and other factors. The epidermis also contains numerous minute openings called stomata that allow for gas exchange between internal tissues and the atmosphere. Stomata come in different types defined by the number and arrangement of neighboring cells. Their main functions are transpiration and gas exchange to support respiration and photosynthesis.
Paper-V: Histology-Secretory glands
Prepared for B.Sc. I year Botany based on the prescribed syllabus of Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University
Taxonomy of Angiosperms: Family-Acanthaceae
Based on the syllabus prescribed by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University for B. Sc.II Botany, paper: VII- Taxonomy of Angiosperms.
Taxonomy of Angiosperms: Family-Poaceae
Based on the syllabus prescribed by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University for B. Sc.II Botany, paper: VII- Taxonomy of Angiosperms.
Taxonomy of Angiosperms: Family Liliaceae
This document provides a taxonomy and description of plants in the Liliaceae family. It discusses the classification, distribution, botanical description, morphology, floral morphology and economic importance. Key points include that Liliaceae includes about 250 genera and 3700 species with a cosmopolitan distribution. Most are perennial herbs but some are shrubs, trees or climbers. Economically important plants include onions, garlic, lilies and medicinal plants like Aloe vera.
: Family Annonaceae
Based on the syllabus prescribed by Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University for B. Sc.II Botany, paper: VII- Taxonomy of Angiosperms.
Taxonomy of Angiosperms: Family: Apocynaceae
B. Sc. II Botany, Paper- VII, based on the syllabus prescribed by Dr. Babasaheb Marathwada University
Fruits
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada university, Aurangabad, maharashtra, syllabus of B. Sc. Botany First year (Semester-I, paper-II
Flower
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada university, Aurangabad, maharashtra, syllabus of B. Sc. Botany First year (Semester-I, paper-II
Inflorescences
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada university, Aurangabad, maharashtra, syllabus of B. Sc. Botany First year (Semester-I, paper-II
Leaf
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada university, Aurangabad, maharashtra, syllabus of B. Sc. Botany First year (Semester-I, paper-II
Chromosomes 1.02.23 pm
This document discusses chromosomes and their structure and function. It begins with the historical discovery of chromosomes in 1875 and defines them as stainable nuclear components that duplicate and are passed from parents to offspring. It describes the main types of chromosomes, including autosomes and sex chromosomes. It details the structure of chromosomes and their compaction into nucleosomes and higher order packaging. Key parts like the centromere and kinetochores are explained. The functions of chromosomes in heredity, growth, and determining sex are summarized. Special giant chromosome types like polytene and lampbrush chromosomes found in insect salivary glands and amphibian oocytes respectively are also outlined.
Chromosomal aberrations copy
Chromosomal aberrations refer to disruptions in the normal chromosomal content of a cell and are major causes of genetic conditions in humans. There are two main types of chromosomal aberrations: numerical abnormalities which involve an atypical number of chromosomes, and structural abnormalities which alter the structure of chromosomes. Examples of numerical abnormalities include aneuploidy, such as trisomy which is the presence of three copies of a chromosome instead of the normal two copies. Structural abnormalities include deletions, duplications, inversions, and translocations which involve portions of chromosomes being removed, duplicated, inverted, or transferred between chromosomes. Common genetic disorders associated with chromosomal aberrations include Down syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome
More from Anjali Naik (20)
Plant Cytogenetics: Nonepistatic genetic interaction comb shape in fowls
Plant Cytogenetics: Nonepistatic genetic interaction comb shape in fowls
Monohybrid inheritance,laws of dominance and Law of segregation
Monohybrid inheritance,laws of dominance and Law of segregation
Recently uploaded
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)Academy of Science of South Africa
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.Wound healing PPT
This document provides an overview of wound healing, its functions, stages, mechanisms, factors affecting it, and complications.
A wound is a break in the integrity of the skin or tissues, which may be associated with disruption of the structure and function.
Healing is the body’s response to injury in an attempt to restore normal structure and functions.
Healing can occur in two ways: Regeneration and Repair
There are 4 phases of wound healing: hemostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and remodeling. This document also describes the mechanism of wound healing. Factors that affect healing include infection, uncontrolled diabetes, poor nutrition, age, anemia, the presence of foreign bodies, etc.
Complications of wound healing like infection, hyperpigmentation of scar, contractures, and keloid formation.
PCOS corelations and management through Ayurveda.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
The History of Stoke Newington Street Names
Presented at the Stoke Newington Literary Festival on 9th June 2024
www.StokeNewingtonHistory.com
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/y977uz6bpd3af4qsebv7r9b7s21935vdHindi varnamala | hindi alphabet PPT.pdf
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Iván Bornacelly, Policy Analyst at the OECD Centre for Skills, OECD, presents at the webinar 'Tackling job market gaps with a skills-first approach' on 12 June 2024
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...Nguyen Thanh Tu Collection
https://app.box.com/s/tacvl9ekroe9hqupdnjruiypvm9rdaneChapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptxMohd Adib Abd Muin, Senior Lecturer at Universiti Utara Malaysia
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
9
Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
Recently uploaded (20)
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
spot a liar (Haiqa 146).pptx Technical writhing and presentation skills
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Digital Artefact 1 - Tiny Home Environmental Design
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
Traditional Musical Instruments of Arunachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh - RAYH...
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
South African Journal of Science: Writing with integrity workshop (2024)
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
NEWSPAPERS - QUESTION 1 - REVISION POWERPOINT.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptx
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH 8 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2023-2024 (CÓ FI...
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
Beyond Degrees - Empowering the Workforce in the Context of Skills-First.pptx
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
BÀI TẬP BỔ TRỢ TIẾNG ANH LỚP 9 CẢ NĂM - GLOBAL SUCCESS - NĂM HỌC 2024-2025 - ...
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
Chapter 4 - Islamic Financial Institutions in Malaysia.pptx
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UP
Roots
- 1. MORPHOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS-1 Roots DR. ANJLAI NAIK, ASST. PROFESSOR IN BOTANY S. B. E. S. COLLEGE OF SCIENCE.
- 2. A PLANT BODY
- 4. FUNCTIONS OF ROOTS • PRIMARY 1. Anchorage 2. Absorption. • SECONDARY 1. Storage 2. Rarely, photosynthesis (e.g. Tinospora, Trapa) .3 Respiration 4. Parasitism (e.g. Cuscuta) 5. Vegetative reproduction (e.g. Sweet Potato)
- 8. Regions of Roots • FUNCTION OF EACH ZONE: • Growth/Meristematic zone (To add new cells) • Elongation zone (To increase the length of root) • Maturation zone: (Absorption of water).
- 12. Breathing roots-Pneumatophores e.g.Rhizophora, Avicennia • Modification for vital function: Respiration hence called as respiratory roots too. • Found in marshy areas with water clogged soils. • Dry, brownish conical roots produced on Tap roots underground but come above the soil. • Covered with small pores called lenticels, take in oxygen for respiration, Therefore-breathing roots.
- 14. Stilt roots Stilt roots: Maize Pandanus • These are produced from the lower nodes of stem • Adventitious roots, aerial. • Provide additional, mechanical support.
- 15. Prop roots of Banyan Ficus bengalensis • These are produced from the the horizontal branches and grow vertically downwards, penetrate soil. • Adventitious roots. • Provide additional, mechanical support.