Taxonomy of Angiosperms: Family-Poaceae

Taxonomy of Angiosperms: Family-Poaceae

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  Taxonomy of Angiosperms Family-Poaceae DR.A.S.NAIK
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  Graminae (Poaceae) • Kingdom:Plantae • Division: Phanerogams • Subdivision: Angiosperms • Class: Monocotyledons • Order: Glumaceae • Family: Graminae/Poaceae • Genus: Triticum • Species: aestivum
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  Distribution • Largest andmost important • 620 genera, 10,000 sp. World wide • In India, 240 genera, 1200 species • Present in all regions and habitats. • Cereal family-starch source • Maize, rice, wheat, barley, jowar, sugarcane, Bamboo imp. plants •
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  Botanical Description-1 Vegetative morphology Roots:Fibrous and adventitious, stilt roots in some for additional support Stem: Culms. Erect/Prostrate, cylindrical, hollow internodes, solid nodes, Terminate in inflorescence, branched at base (Tillers). Leaves: Simple, alternate consist sheathing leaf base, lamina long, narrow, linear or lanceolate, presence of ligule at the junction of blade and sheath.
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  Floral morphology • Inflorescence:Basically spikelet, each with 2-3 florets on rachilla (central axis) • Spikelets may form compound inflorescences with sessile or short pedicellate flowers. At the base of each spikelet, 2 sterile bracts-glumes present • Florets: Small, reduced, each with two bracts-Lemma (fertile) and palea.
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  A spikelet
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  Inflorescence and kernel
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  ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE A.Cereals: Foodplants and alcohol production, Fodder i. Avena sativa (oats) ii. Hordeum vulgare (barley), Secale cereale (Rye) iv. Staple food: Oryza sativa (Rice), Triticum aestivum (Wheat), Sorghum vulgare (Jowar. V. Sugar plant: Saccharum officinarum- sugar cane
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  Economic importance • B.Bamboos: Arundinaria, Dendrocalamus, Bambusa.- Furniture, toys, Paper making, Musical instruments (Flute) • C. Ornamental-Lawns grasses: Cyanadon, Poa, Jewellery making-Coix seeds. • D. Khus-Vetiveria spp. Curtain making for cooling effect. • E. Broom-making- Thysanolaena, Ropes. Mats, baskets