The document discusses the structure and development of plant roots and stems. It describes how roots absorb water and minerals to support the plant, transport nutrients, and in some cases store food or enable vegetative reproduction. Roots have a tapered shape to easily penetrate soil. The document also outlines the functions of stems in distributing water and nutrients between roots and leaves. Stems support leaves, flowers, and seeds and can be used for various human purposes. The types of roots include taproots for food storage and fibrous roots for foundation support. Stem types include woody, grass-like, and wet varieties.

1. Structure & Development of
STEM& ROOT

2. Understanding of ROOT
Roots are one of
the main organs in
plants, which are
generally hidden
because they are
in the soil.

3. Properties
 The roots continue to grow and generally
yellowish, brownish or whitish.
 No wavy or segmented so it does not
support the growth of leaf.
 The shape is often tapered, making it easier
to penetrate the ground.
 Direction grows to the center of the earth
(geotrope) or goes to water (hydrotrope) or
leaves air and light.

4. To support and strengthen the
establishment of plants.
To absorb water and mineral salts
(nutrients) from the soil.
Transporting water and food
substances that have been absorbed
into the body of plants that require.
In some plants there is a function of
Fuctions

5. In some plants there is a useful place
to store food reserves (Carrots, which
have an enlarged riding roots as a
place to store food)
In some plants there is as a
vegetative reproduction tool (Sukun,
whose root parts can grow buds that
will grow into new individuals)
Fuctions

6. Structure
Anatomical
Structure

7. Structure
Morphological
Structure
• Root neck (collum)
• Root stem (corpus
radicis)
• Root hair (pilus
radicalis)
• Root tip (apex
radicis)
• Root branch (radix
lateralis)

8. Taproot
(Dicot), the
main function
is to store food
Fibrous root
(Monocot), the
main function
is to
strengthen the
foundation of
Types

9. Various...
Root Tunjang, the root that grows from the
bottom of the stem in all directions and as if
supporting this stem do not fall down. Just like the
root of the breath, the root of the above ground on
the roots is found in many holes or gaps for the
sake of breathing.
Ex: Bakau (Rhizophora conjogata L.)

10. Various
Breath Root, grow perpendicularly upward
from the surface of the soil or water where
the plant grows. Example: in mangrove
forest (Sonneratia sp.)

11. Various
Knee root, the root part that grows
upwards then bent again into the ground.
This roots function as well as the breath
root found in plants on the low muddy
beach. Ex: Tanjang tree (Bruguiera
parivolia W. Et A.).

12. Various
Banir Root
The root is shaped like a board that is tilted
to support a large tree trunk. Example:
Sukun (Artocarpus communis)

13. Understanding of STEM
Stem is one of the
main organs in
plant, stems can be
likened to the axis
of the plant body.
This section
generally grows on
top soil because
direction grows

14. Function
To distribute water and mineral salt from
root to leaves and distributing food
substances of photosynthesis products
from leaves to entire parts of plant.
As the place of sticking of
leaves,flower,and seed so easily to struct
by sunlight and it is easily happens
pollination as well as spreading of fruit and

15. Function
For humans, the stems of plants that make
up the wood can be used to make the
device households, for example=teak trunks
(Jati); for materials food=sago; for materials
industry=sugar cane and bamboo.
the stem also function for vegetative
reproduction.
Steam can fuction to help respiration,

16. Types of Stem
Woody stems
Has a cambium. Cambium has two directions growth
are inward and outward. Inward, cambium forming
wood and outward, form of skin. Ex: mango

17. Types of Stem
Grass stems
Have segment and swamp and hollow fields.
This type of stem is easily broken and not
woody. Ex: rice, corn, and grass plants.

18. Types of Stem
Wet stems
have a soft and watery stem. Ex: spinach

19. Anatomycal Structure