Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada university, Aurangabad, maharashtra, syllabus of B. Sc. Botany First year (Semester-I, paper-II

1. Dr. A.S. Naik
Head, Dept. of Botany,
S.B.E.S. College of Science.
MORPHOLOGY OF ANGIOSPERMS-4
FLOWER

2. Reproduc+ve structure-flower

3. Dissected flower

4. TERMS USED TO DESCRIBE FLOWERS
Pedicillate/Sessile

5. Complete/Incomplete flowers or Perfect/
Imperfect flowers

6. Symmetrical/Asymmetrical flowers

7. Bisexual/Unisexual flowers
e.g Pterygota alata
Female flowers Male flowers
With nonfunc+onal stamens with monoadephous stamens
(Pis+late flowers) (staminate flowers)

8. A. Staminate, B. Bisexual and C. pis+late flowers of
Carica papaya

9. Bracteate/Ebracteate flowers

10. Floral bracts: Sepaloid/petaloid
Sunflower Banana Bougainvillea
Anthurium Poinse5a

11. Inser+on of floral whorls on thalamus/receptacle

13. Hypogynae: Bloodroot, Hibiscus Epigynae in Cucumber
Perigynae in Prunus

14. Extension of receptacle axixs
Androphore, Gynophore and Gynandrophore
• GYNOPHORE IN Capparis

15. Gynandrophore
Passion flower

16. Non-essen+al/Accessory whorls:
1. Calyx-Lowermost, protec+ve whorl
Free sepals-Polysepalous Fused sepals- Gamosepalous
e.g. Mustard e.g. Datura
• Members called as sepals

17. 2. Corolla
Meant for aVrac+on
Polypetalous- Free petals Gamopetalous- Fused petals
e.g. Hibiscus e.g. Datura
Members called as petals

19. Types of Corolla:
INFUNDIBULIFORM COROLLA
1.Infundibuliform-Funnel shaped
• The corolla resembles an inverted
cone like a funnel as seen in
Datura or many plants of the
family Convolvulaceae like
Ipomoea pulchella .
e.g.Datura

20. CRUCIFORM COROLLA
2. Cruciform:
Four free clawed petals are arranged
in the form of a cross as in the
Cruciferae family,
e.g., mustard
e.g. Mustard (Brassica)

21. BILABIATE COROLLA
3.Bilabiate: Two lipped
• Limb is divided into an upper
posterior part (the union of two
petal lobes) and an unequal lower
anterior part ( the union of three
petal lobes) with the mouth
gaping wide open.
• This is characteris+c of the family
Labiatae : Basil, Salvia
e.g. Salvia sp

22. Papilionaceous / Vexillary Corolla
e.g. Clitoria ternatea
4.Papilionaceous corolla
• Five free petals resemble a buVerfly
(papilion=buVerfly). The posterior
superior petal is larger than the
others and is termed the vexillum or
standard.
• two anterior inferior ones are
usually more or less united forming
a boat-shaped struc-ture and are
called the carina or keel.
• Two lateral petals called alae or
wings overlap the carina and are
themselves overlapped by the
vexillum.

23. AESTIVATION
• Aes:va:on or es:va:o
n refers to the
posi+onal arrangement
of the parts of a flower
within a flower bud
before it has opened.

24. Types of Aes+va+on
1.valvate – margins of
adjacent petals or sepals touch
each other without
overlapping.
2. Twisted: margins of
adjacent petals or sepals
overlapping.

25. Types of Aes+va+on
3. Imbricate: One petal
innermost, one petal
outermost and
Rest of the petals twisted.
4. Vexillary: 5 petals-one
largest outermost standard/
vexillum/banner encloses two
middle smaller petals-wings,
which in turn enclose two
smallest and innermost, folded
petals-keel

27. Essen+al whorls: 1. Androecium
Male reproduc+ve whorl

28. Types of anthers
Filament to anther aVachment
• Dorsifixed: The aVachment is
dorsifixed when the filament
is firmly fixed to some
posi+on on the back of the
an-ther as in passion-flower,
Sesbania, etc.
• Basifixed: The filament ends
just at the base of the anther,
the laVer being firmly fixed
on the top of the former. This
condi+on is called basifixed .
• Versa+le: where the filament,
is aVached merely at a point
about the middle of the
connec+ve so that the anther
can swing on it freely.

29. Anther lobe types

30. Stamen arrangement & grouping
• Didynamous:
4 stamens, 2 short, 2 long
e.g. Mint
• Tetradynamous:
6 stamens, 2 outer short and 4 inner
Long.
e.g. Cabbage

31. Stamen cohesion and adelphy
• Cohesion usually
involves either
only the filaments
(adelphy) or only
the anthers
(syngeny).
• In adelphy, all the
stamens may unite
by their filaments
forming one
bundle of stamens
with all the
anthers free.

32. Stamen cohesion types

33. Monoadelphy, diadelphyphy and polyadelphy
• monadelphy: In the family
Malvaceae and in many other flowers
the united filamen’s form a staminal
lube through which the long style of
the pis+l passes.
• Diadelphy: (two bundles) is very
commonly seen in Papilionaceous
flowers where rine stamens form one
bundle and the tenth remains free as
the second bundle
• Polyadelphy: In the silk-coVon tree
(Salmalia or Bombax ceiba) the
stamens form several separate
groups with the filaments uni+ng to
form several bundles to form the
polyadelphous condi+on

34. Syngeny and synandry
• Syngeny: In the family
Compositae, the
syngenesious anthers
form a tube enclosing the
style and the s+gma.
• Synandrous: In Family
cucurbitaceae complete
union of the filaments as
well as the sinuous
anthers . This is called the
synandrous condi+on.

35. Cohesion of stamens

36. Adhesion of stamens
Epipetalous stamens: e.g. Brinjal-Fusion of androecium and
corolla
Epiphyllous: e.g. Parnassia-Fusin of androecium and
gynoecium

37. Gynoestagium of Calotropis
• The s+gmas and
androeciums are fused
to form a gynostegium .
• The pollen are enclosed
in pollinia (a coherent
mass of pollen grains)
• When the bee visits
flower, the flower is
pollinated by the
adhering of pollinium on
the legs of bee.

38. Gynoecium
Female reproduc+ve essen+al whorl

40. Types of gynoecium
1. Apocarpous- free carpels

41. 2. Syncarpous- fused carpels

42. Chambers/locules of ovary

43. Placenta+on: AVachment of ovules to Ovary

45. Axile placenta+on e.g. Hibiscus
• The placenta is axial
and the ovules are
aVached to the bi-or
mul+locular superior
ovary. Example: China
rose, lemon and orange

46. Marginal Placenta+on
The placenta forms a
ridge along the ventral
suture of the ovary and
the ovules are borne on
the ridge. Example: Peas

47. Basal Placenta+on
• In this type of
placenta+on, the
placenta is situated at
the base of the ovary
and a single ovule is
aVached to it. Example:
Sunflower

48. Parietal Placenta+on
• In this type of
placenta+on, the ovules
develop on the inner
wall of the ovary. Ovary
has a single chamber
but appears to be
double-chambered
because of the
forma+on of a false
septum. Example:
Mustard and argemone.

49. Seed dispersal

50. Seed dispersal-Hydrochory

51. 2. Anemochory-Wind dispersal

52. Hydrochory

53. Video autochory