This document discusses radiography of the eye. It begins with basic anatomy and indications for eye radiography, which is used to localize foreign bodies. Obsolete methods are mentioned. Image quality is of utmost importance to detect small foreign particles, and techniques to improve quality include reducing geometric unsharpness, using a close object-to-image receptor distance, and small focal spot. The document also describes basic projections - lateral, PA axial, and parietocanthal - including patient positioning and central ray direction. Evaluation criteria for each projection focus on optimal density, lack of rotation or superimposition, and beam restriction.

1. RADIOGRAPHY OF EYE
Ravi
RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGIST
Post graduate institute of medical
education and research
Chandigarh
BSc Radiology& Imaging
Indira Gandhi Medical College
Shimla (Himachal Pradesh)

2. EYE
• Organ of vision
• Latin-oculus
• Greek-ophthalmus

3. ANATOMY

4. ANATOMY

5. INDICATION
Localization of foreign body
Alternative techniques include USG and
CT(MRI should never be used)

6. OBSOLETE METHODS
•Vogt method
•Sweet method
•Pfeiffer comberg method
•Parallax motion method

7. IMAGE QUALITY
of supreme importance for detection and
localization of minute foreign particles
To improve image quality
Reduce geometric unsharpness
Use close OID
Use small focal spot
Use standard FFD

8. IMAGE QUALITY
Minimize secondary
radiation (use close
collimation)
Use immobilization
Immobilize head
Have the patient gaze steadily
at a fixed object so as to
immobilize eyeballs
Image receptors must be very clear as any artifact can simulate foreign body
(can have reserve image receptor for eye studies only)

9. BASIC PROJECTIONS
Lateral projection
PA axial projection
Parietocanthal projection
(modified water’s view)

10. LATERAL PROJECTION
Right or left
Use non grid technique to reduce
magnification and artifacts from radiographic
table and grid

11. LATERAL PROJECTION
SEMIPRONE OR ERECT
Affected eye
adjacent to
centre of
image
receptor
Midsagittal plane
of the patient
parallel to the
image receptor
Interpupillary line
perpendicular to
the image receptor
Exposure made in
suspended respiration

12. LATERAL PROJECTION
Central ray
Perpendicular through
the outer canthus
Instruct the patient to
look straight ahead
during exposure

13. Evaluation criteria
Optimum density
and contrast for
visualization of
foreign body
Superimposition of
the orbital roof
Close beam restriction
LATERAL PROJECTION

14. PA AXIAL PROJECTION
Use non grid technique to reduce
magnification and artifacts from radiographic
table and grid

15. PA AXIAL PROJECTION
PATIENT POSITION
Patient’s head rests over
the image receptor
Radiographic base line
perpendicular to the
image receptor
Exposure made in suspended respiration

16. PA AXIAL PROJECTION
CENTRAL RAY
Through the centre of the orbits with
30 degree caudal angulation project
the petrous portion of the temporal
bone below inferior margin of orbits
Instruct the patient to
close eyes and concentrate
on holding them straight

17. PA AXIAL PROJECTION
EVALUATION CRITERIA
Petrous pyramids lying below
orbital shadow
No rotation of the cranium
Beam restriction centered to
orbital margins

18. PARIETOCANTHAL PROJECTION
(MODIFIED WATER’S VIEW)
The petrous margins are
displaced by part adjustment
rather than by central ray
angulation

19. PARIETOCANTHAL PROJECTION
(MODIFIED WATER’S VIEW)
PATIENT POSITION
Rest patient’s chin on
the image receptor
holder
Midsagittal plane
perpendicular to the
plane of image receptor
Adjust the flexon of the head
so that the radiographic base
line forms an angle of 50
degree with the image
receptor
Exposure made in suspended respiration

20. PARIETOCANTHAL PROJECTION
(MODIFIED WATER’S VIEW)
CENTRAL RAY
Perpendicular through the midorbits
Instruct the patient to close
eyes and concentrate on
holding them straight

21. Parietocanthal projection
(modified Water’s view)
Evaluation criteria
No rotation of the cranium
Beam restriction centered to
orbital margins
Petrous pyramids lying below
orbital shadow