Pulmonary tuberculosis is an infectious disease caused by the bacteria Mycobacterium tuberculosis that mainly affects the lungs. It spreads through airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing. Symptoms include cough, fever, weight loss, and chest pain. Diagnosis involves tests like chest x-rays, sputum smears, and the tuberculin skin test. Treatment requires taking multiple antibiotic medications daily for 6-9 months. Directly observed treatment is recommended to ensure compliance and prevent drug resistance. Nursing care focuses on monitoring symptoms, preventing spread, promoting nutrition and activity, and supporting the treatment regimen.