The document summarizes the different families of elements on the periodic table. It explains that elements are grouped into families based on their chemical properties and each family has a specific name. It then proceeds to describe the key properties and representative elements of each family, including alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, transition metals, boron family, carbon family, nitrogen family, oxygen family, halogens, noble gases, and rare earth metals. Each family is assigned a different color for visualization purposes.

1. You need 11 different
colors

2. Families on the Periodic Table
Elements on the periodic table can be grouped into
families bases on their chemical properties.
Each family has a specific name to differentiate it
from the other families in the periodic table.
Elements in each family
react differently with
other elements.
The horizontal rows are
called periods and are
 labeled from 1 to 7.
The vertical columns are called groups or families and
are labeled from 1 to 18.

3. Hydrogen
Hydrogen belongs to a
family of its own.
Hydrogen is a diatomic,
reactive gas.
Hydrogen was involved
in the explosion of the
Hindenberg.
Hydrogen is promising
as an alternative fuel
source for automobiles
color hydrogen color 1

4. ALKALI METALS
Group 1
Hydrogen is not a member, it
is a non-metal
1 electron in the outer shell
Soft and silvery metals
Very reactive, esp. with water
Conduct electricity
Color the rest of this group
color 2

5. Alkali Metals
1st
column on the
periodic table (Group
1) not including
hydrogen.
Very reactive metals,
always combined
with something else
in nature (like in
salt).
Soft enough to cut
with a butter knife

6. ALKALINE EARTH METALS
Group 2
2 electrons in the
outer shell
White and
malleable
Reactive, but less
than Alkali metals
Conduct electricity
Color the Alkaline
Earth Metals
color 3

7. Alkaline Earth Metals
Second column on
the periodic table.
(Group 2)
Reactive metals that
are always combined
with nonmetals in
nature.
Several of these
elements are
important mineral
nutrients (such as Mg
and Ca

8. TRANSITION METALS
Groups 3-12
Good conductors of
heat and electricity.
Some are used for
jewelry.
The transition
metals are able to
put up to 32
electrons in their
second to last shell.
Can bond with many
elements in a variety
of shapes.
Color Transition
Metals color 4

9. Transition Metals
Elements in groups
3-12
Less reactive harder
metals
Includes metals used
in jewelry and
construction.
Metals used “as
metal.”

10. BORON FAMILY Group 13
3 electrons in the
outer shell
Most are metals
Boron is a
metalloid
Color Boron
Family color 5

11. Boron Family
Elements in group 13
Aluminum metal was
once rare and
expensive, not a
“disposable metal.”

12. CARBON FAMILY Group 14
4 electrons in the
outer shell
Contains metals,
metalloids, and a
non-metal Carbon
(C)
Color Carbon
Family with color 6

13. Carbon Family Elements in group 14
Contains elements
important to life and
computers.
Carbon is the basis
for an entire branch
of chemistry.
Silicon and
Germanium are
important
semiconductors.

14. NITROGEN FAMILYGroup 15
5 electrons in the
outer shell
Can share
electrons to form
compounds
Contains metals,
metalloids, and
non-metals
Color the
nitrogen family
with color 7

15. Nitrogen FamilyElements in group 15
Nitrogen makes up over
¾ of the atmosphere.
Nitrogen and
phosphorus are both
important in living
things.
Most of the world’s
nitrogen is not available
to living things.
The red stuff on the tip
of matches is
phosphorus.

16. OXYGEN FAMILY or Chalcogens
Group 16
6 electrons in the
outer shell
Contains metals,
metalloids, and
non-metals
Reactive
Color the Oxygen
family with color 8

17. Oxygen Family or Chalcogens
Elements in group 16
Oxygen is necessary
for respiration.
Many things that
stink, contain sulfur
(rotten eggs, garlic,
skunks,etc.)

18. Halogens Group 17
7 electrons in the
outer shell
All are non-
metals
Very reactive are
often bonded with
elements from
Group 1
Color the Halogen
group with color 9

19. Halogens
Elements in group 17
Very reactive,
volatile, diatomic,
nonmetals
Always found
combined with other
element in nature .
Used as disinfectants
and to strengthen
teeth.

20. Noble Gases
Group 18
Exist as gases
Non-metals
8 electrons in the
outer shell = Full
Helium (He) has
only 2 electrons in
the outer shell = Full
Not reactive with
other elements
Color the noble
gases with color 10

21. The Noble Gases
Elements in group 18
VERY unreactive,
monatomic gases
Used in lighted
“neon” signs
Used in blimps to fix
the Hindenberg
problem.
Have a full valence
shell.

22. Rare Earth Metals Some are
Radioactive
The rare earths
are silver, silvery-
white, or gray
metals.
Conduct
electricity
Color Rare Earth
Metals with
color 11