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The periodic table
- 3. The Table in General • Columns (families) – Called families – Elements in a family have similar chemical and physical properties – As you go from the top to the bottom of the column the elements get larger.
- 4. This is column 1 the alkali metals Draw an arrow down column one.
- 5. The Table in General • Rows (periods) – Called periods – First element in a period is a very reactive solid metal – Last element in a family is a very non-reactive gas – Elements get less reactive as you move right • Reactive means to lose electrons – Elements become less metallic as you move to the right
- 6. This is Period 4 Draw an arrow across period four.
- 8. Alkali Metals • Shade this column yellow. • One electron in the valence shell – Valence means the outer shell • Soft, less dense metals • Most reactive of all metals • React with water to form bases • Never found free, alone, in nature • Used to make soap, salt, baking soda
- 10. Alkaline Earth Metals • Shade this column red • Two electrons in the valance shell • Harder, higher melting point, more dense than Alkali metals (column 1) • Very reactive • Never found free in nature
- 12. Transition Elements • Shade all these elements purple.
- 13. Transition Elements • Good conductors of heat and electricity • Higher melting point than first two families • Some are hard and brittle • Some combine with oxygen to form oxides • Form brightly colored compounds
- 15. Rare Earth Elements • Shade the elements light blue/teal. • 1st Row Lanthanide Series – Soft, malleable, great conductors, used to make alloys (mixed metals w/ metals or nonmetals) • 2nd Row Actinide Series – all but three are synthetic, manmade.
- 16. Boron Family
- 17. Boron Family • Shade all the elements Green. • Three electrons in the valance shell • Collection of "odd ducks" – boron is a metalloid – aluminum, gallium, indium and thallium are poor metals • Aluminum is the third most abundant element on earth.
- 18. Carbon Family
- 19. Carbon Family • Shade all elements Dark Blue • Four valence electrons • Form organic compounds – Organic means alive or living • Silicon is the second most abundant element on earth • Tin resists Oxidation and Corrosion • Lead is very dense and poisonous
- 20. Nitrogen Family
- 21. Nitrogen Family • Shade this family Brown. • Five electrons in the valance shell • Stable, do not combine easily • Nitrogen is the most abundant in earths atmosphere. Uses: Fertilizer, dyes, explosives Ex NH3 (Ammonia) • Phosphorus: Match tips • Arsenic: Rat Poison
- 22. Oxygen Family
- 23. Oxygen Family • Shade all elements in this family Orange. • 6 outer electrons • Oxygen supports burning, is very reactive, combines with many other elements • Sulfur, Selenium, Tellurium: Brittle, combine easily with other elements
- 24. Halogen Family
- 25. Halogen Family • Shade all elements in this family Pink • Seven valence electrons. • Most chemically reactive non-metals • Never found free in nature • Low melting and boiling point • As gases they form diatomic elements ex. F2, Cl2
- 26. Noble Gas Family
- 27. Noble Gas Family • Shade all elements in this family gray. • Full valance shell, He 2 electrons Ne, Ar, Kr, Xe, Rn all have 8 electrons • Inert, do not combine with other elements • He- balloons, Ne- signs, Ar- fill in windows, Xe- photographic lamps, Rn- Treats cancer
- 28. Who has no family?
- 29. Hydrogen (no family) • Shade this element no color. • One valance electron • Highly reactive • Highly combustible • Colorless odorless gas at room temperature
- 30. Who has no family?
- 31. Metalloids: Draw the step ladder & Shade the metalloids with stripes.
- 32. Non-metals mark the non-metals with dots.
- 33. Properties of a metal. • Physical – Superior electric and thermal conductivity – High luster – High density – Malleable – Alkali and Alkaline earth metals are reactive, low density, low hardness, low melting point
- 34. Properties of a metal. • Chemical – Form positively charges ions – Oxidize easily – React with acid – Some react with water to form a base
- 35. Properties of a non-metal • Chemical – Form negatively charged ions • Physical – Brittle when solid – Most are solid and gas (Bromine is a liquid) – Not thermally or electrically conductive – Lower melting points and boiling points than metals
- 36. Definition of a Metalloid • An element which is like both a metal and a non-metal in terms of malleability, ductility, conductivity and luster
- 37. • Vertical lines______________________________ • Horizontal rows____________________________ • Elements on the zigzag______________________ • Elements on the top right____________________ • 1 valance electron reactive family______________ • 2 valance electron reactive family______________ • 3-12 families ______________________________ • Elements that form salts_____________________ • Elements that do not react___________________ • Elements that are pulled out from the Periodic table___________________________________ • Element that is all alone_____________________ Families total of 11 Periods total of 7 Metalloids Non-Metals Alkali Metals Alkaline Earth Metals Transition Elements Halogens Nobel Gas or Inert Gases Rare Earth elements Hydrogen
- 39. Example Element 1. Element: _______________ 2. Symbol: ________________ 3. Atomic mass: _____________ 4. Atomic number:______________ 5. Family: _____________________ 6. Period: ____________ 7. Number of total electrons: _________ 8. Number of valance electrons: _______ Iridium Ir 192.271 77 Transition Element # 9 6 77 2