Ecology vocab
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This document defines key concepts in ecology, including biotic and abiotic factors, producers and consumers, food chains and webs, and ecological relationships. It explains that ecology is the study of interactions between organisms and their environment. Biotic factors are living things, abiotic are non-living. Producers use sunlight to make their own food while consumers rely on other organisms for resources and energy. Food chains show simple energy transfer, while webs account for multiple feeding interactions. Ecological pyramids illustrate biomass and numbers decreasing at each trophic level.
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1. An ecosystem is composed of individual organisms that make up populations, several populations that make up a community, and the biotic and abiotic factors that make up the ecosystem. Ecosystems are found within different biomes, which together make up the biosphere.
2. An organism's habitat is the place it lives and provides its needs, while its niche is its role in the ecosystem including how it obtains food and interacts with other organisms.
3. Within an ecosystem, producers like plants use photosynthesis to make their own food, while consumers eat other organisms for energy as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, or decomposers. Organisms engage in symbiotic relationships of
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1. Adaptations are behaviors and physical characteristics that allow organisms to live successfully in their environment by enabling them to fill a unique role and meet their needs.
2. A niche includes an organism's food sources, how it obtains food, and when and how it reproduces within the physical conditions it needs to survive.
3. The three major types of interactions among organisms are competition, predation, and symbiosis. Competition is the struggle for limited resources, predation is when one organism kills and eats another, and symbiosis is a close relationship that benefits at least one species.
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2. An organism's habitat is the place it lives and provides its needs, while its niche is its role in the ecosystem including how it obtains food and interacts with other organisms.
3. Within an ecosystem, producers like plants use photosynthesis to make their own food, while consumers eat other organisms for energy as herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, or decomposers. Organisms engage in symbiotic relationships of
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2. Key terms are defined such as ecology, environment, producers, consumers, trophic levels, competition, predation, symbiosis, mutualism, commensalism, parasitism, biome, primary succession and secondary succession.
3. Examples are provided to illustrate various ecological concepts and interactions between organisms.
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Ecology vocab
- 1. Ecology The study of the interactions between organisms and their environment.
- 2. Biotic Factors All of the living organisms that inhabit an environment.
- 3. Abiotic Factors All of the nonliving parts of the environment.
- 4. List the biotic “things” that inhabit this environment. List the abiotic “things” that inhabit this environment.
- 5. List the biotic “things” that inhabit this environment. List the abiotic “things” that inhabit this environment.
- 6. List the biotic “things” that inhabit this environment. List the abiotic “things” that inhabit this environment.
- 7. List the biotic “things” that inhabit this environment. List the abiotic “things” that inhabit this environment.
- 8. An organism- ex. deer
- 9. A population- more than one deer that live in the same place at the same time.
- 10. A community- more than one population that live in the same place at the same time.
- 11. An ecosystem- a community along with the abiotic factors that influence the community.
- 12. •Biosphere – the area of the Earth where all life exists.
- 13. the place where an organism lives. Habitat
- 14. Niche the role a species plays in a community-feeding relationships, space, etc. It tells how a species uses and affects its environment.
- 16. Ways Organisms Interact • Autotrophs-organisms that use energy from the sun or energy stored in chemical compounds to manufacture their own food. • Also known as Producers- all other organisms in the community depend on the producers. Ex. Plants, algae
- 17. Ways Organisms Interact • Heterotrophs-organisms that depend on other organisms for their source of food and energy. • Also known as Consumers.
- 18. Herbivores- eat only producers.
- 19. Carnivores- kill and feed on other animals
- 20. Omnivores – eat either plants or animals
- 21. Scavengers-feed on dead organisms that they did not kill
- 22. Scavengers-feed on dead organisms that they did not kill
- 23. Decomposers - break down and absorb the nutrients into basic molecules so that the nutrients can be recycled back into the ecosystem. Ex. many of the bacteria, some protozoans, and most fungi.
- 24. Relationships • Symbiosis - a relationship where there is a close and permanent relationship between organisms of different species.
- 25. Commensalism – a relationship where one species is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.
- 26. Commensalism – a relationship where one species is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.
- 27. Commensalism – a relationship where one species is benefited and the other is neither harmed nor benefited.
- 28. mutualism – a relationship where both species benefit.
- 29. mutualism – a relationship where both species benefit.
- 30. parasitism – a relationship where one organism is harmed (but usually not killed) and the other organism is benefited.
- 31. parasitism – a relationship where one organism is harmed (but usually not killed) and the other organism is benefited.
- 32. parasitism – a relationship where one organism is harmed (but usually not killed) and the other organism is benefited.
- 33. Competitors * Competition – ecological interaction between two or more species that use the same limited resource such as food, light, and water. No two organisms can occupy exactly the same niche without one of the organisms becoming extinct.
- 34. Predator-prey relationships • Predator – an organism that kills and feeds on that organism • Prey – the organism that is killed
- 37. Food Chains • Shows the simple relationship of what organism consumes what organism. This relationship very seldom exists in nature since it represents only one way that energy can be transferred in an ecosystem. • 2 Rules for food chain or food web. – 1. Always start with a producer organism. – 2. The arrows always go in the direction of energy flow. • Food chains can consist of no more than two to five links.
- 38. Food Chains • *10% rule in food chains – As energy is transferred from one trophic level to the next, 90% of the energy is lost as heat to the environment and only 10% is transferred as tissue in the next trophic level for the next trophic level to use. This is a rough rule of thumb to show what happens to energy in a food chain.
- 39. Simple food chain Grass → Grasshopper → Shrew → Rat Snake Organism *10% Rule 10,000C 1,000C 100C 10C Grass Grasshopper Shrew Rat Snake Trophic Level 1st 2nd 3rd 4th Also known as aProducer Also known as anAutotroph Producer 1st Consumer 2nd Consumer 3rd Consumer Heterotroph Heterotroph Heterotroph Herbivore 1st Carnivore 2nd Carnivore *only 10 C of the original 10,000 C in the grass is left in the food chain for the rat snake. If food chains are any more than five links long, there is not enough energy left for organisms at higher levels. It also explains why one sees so few top carnivores in the environment. There are not very many hawks in the environment because they are at the top of the food chain.
- 40. Food Webs Tries to explain all of the feeding relationships at each trophic level in a community. A food web is more realistic than a food chain since most organisms feed on more than one organism.
- 42. Ecological Pyramids • Shows relationships in food chains and food webs. – The bottom - represents the producers, – 2nd level- the herbivores – 3rd level- the 1st carnivore – 4th level- top carnivore. *The shape of the pyramid indicates that it is largest on the bottom and gets smaller toward the top. • pyramid of energy – shows energy relationships between trophic levels in the form of calories • pyramid of numbers – shows number relationships between numbers of organisms at different trophic levels • pyramid of biomass – shows the living mass at each trophic level in a food web or food chain.
- 46. Biomes Bring colors, markers, or colored pencils tomorrow!!