Non aqueous titration
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Non-aqueous titration involves titrating substances that are not soluble or do not have a sharp endpoint in water using a non-aqueous solvent. The choice of solvent can affect whether a substance acts as a strong acid or base. Various types of non-aqueous solvents exist including aprotic, protogenic, protophilic, and amphiprotic solvents. Visual indicators are typically used to detect the endpoint in non-aqueous titrations. Some common indicators include crystal violet, oracet blue B, and quinaldine red. Non-aqueous titrations allow for the analysis of organic acids and bases that cannot be easily analyzed using aqueous titration.
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The document discusses non-aqueous titration, including what it is, the role of solvents, types of non-aqueous solvents, detection of endpoints, indicators used, and references. Non-aqueous titration involves titrating substances that are not soluble in water using non-aqueous solvents. It outlines the main types of non-aqueous solvents and visual indicators commonly used to detect the endpoints in non-aqueous titrations.
Non aqueous titration (AB-Production) IUB-BWP
This document discusses non-aqueous titration. It defines non-aqueous titration as the titration of weakly acidic or basic substances using non-aqueous solvents to obtain a sharp endpoint. It describes the types of non-aqueous solvents that can be used, including aprotic, protogenic, protophilic, and amphiprotic solvents. Some common indicators used in non-aqueous titrations and their color changes are also outlined. Advantages include the ability to titrate organic substances that are insoluble in water and selectively titrate mixtures. Disadvantages include the need for strict temperature and moisture control along with the use of expensive and sometimes toxic or volatile solvents.
non aqueous titrations of acid and base .pptx
Non-aqueous titrations allow for the titration of substances that cannot be titrated in aqueous solutions, such as mixtures of acids/bases, organic acids/bases insoluble in water, and very weak acids/bases. Solvents used include acetic acid, acetonitrile, alcohols, and DMF. Indicators change color in acidic and basic conditions. Common titrations include primary/secondary/tertiary amines with perchloric acid and acids with sodium/potassium methoxide. Proper preparation of titrants and indicators, choice of solvent, and accounting for temperature effects are important for accurate non-aqueous titrations.
non-aqueous-titration FOR PHARM ANALYSIS.pptx
The document discusses non-aqueous titrations, which involve dissolving the analyte substance in a non-aqueous solvent rather than water. This is necessary when water could compete with or interfere with the reaction of weak acids and bases. The key advantages of non-aqueous titrations are that they can titrate very weak acids/bases and dissolve organic compounds. The document describes different types of non-aqueous solvents and how indicators and titrants are selected for particular analytes.
Non aqueous titration
Non-aqueous titration is used when the analyte is insoluble, reactive, or too weak to be titrated in water. The amphoteric nature of water can interfere with titration of weak acids or bases. Key aspects include:
- Using a non-aqueous solvent like acetic acid or DMF that is inert, acidic, or basic as needed.
- Titrants like perchloric acid or potassium methoxide that are appropriate for the analyte and solvent.
- Visual indicators that change color at the endpoint, selected based on the solvent system.
- Potentiometric titration can also detect the endpoint.
- Temperature, moisture and CO2 must be
Non Aqueous Titrations
Non-aqueous titration allows for the titration of weak acids and bases that cannot be accurately measured in aqueous solution. It involves titrating the substance using a non-aqueous solvent and titrant. Various organic solvents like acetic acid, alcohols, and amines can be used that compete less than water for proton donation or acceptance. This allows for sharper endpoints compared to titration in water for very weak acids and bases. Selection of the appropriate non-aqueous solvent depends on factors like solubility of the sample and ability to produce a clear endpoint.
NON-AQEUOUS TITRATION.pdf
Non-aqueous titration, Introduction, Theory & Principle, Solvents & Types of solvents, Indicator, Types of Non-aqueous titration, Methods of determination of end point, Assay of Sodium benzoate
Non aqueous titration
Non-aqueous titrations allow for the titration of weakly acidic or basic substances using non-aqueous solvents. This provides sharper endpoints compared to aqueous titrations. Common non-aqueous solvents include acetic acid, acetonitrile, alcohols, and dimethylformamide. Indicators are also used that change color at the titration endpoint. Examples given are the titration of ephedrine hydrochloride and sodium benzoate using perchloric acid in acetic acid with crystal violet indicator.
Non aqueous acid-base titrations
This document discusses non-aqueous titration. It explains that non-aqueous titration uses solvents other than water and can titrate organic compounds that are insoluble in water. The key aspects covered include the theory behind acid-base chemistry in different solvents, properties of non-aqueous solvents, factors in solvent selection, and applications like titrating weak acids and bases. Detection methods for non-aqueous titration include potentiometric and indicator-based methods.
Non aqueous titration, nonaqueous indicator,analysis of Sodium benzoate, non ...
Non aqueous titration, nonaqueous indicator,analysis of Sodium benzoate, non ...Vandana Devesh Sharma
Introduction
The theory behind non-aqueous titrations, Bronsted lowry acid base theory, Reasons for non aqueous titration, Advantage, Disadvantage, Classification of nonaqueous titration
1.Acidimetry titration
2.Alkalimetry titration
Example of Acidimetry and Alkalimetry titrations
Standardization of acid titrant-- by Potassium Hydrogen Phthalate
-Tri- (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane
-diphenyl guanidine
anhydrous sodium carbonat
Standardisation of basic titrant- by -Benzoic acid -Phenyl cinchonic acid
Types of solvent used- Amphiprotic solvent
Aprotic solvents
Protophillic solvents
Protogenic solvents
Effects of Solvents
Leveling effect
Differentiating effect
Indicators used in non-aqueous titration:
Crystal violet indicator
Methyl red indicator
Naphtholbenzein indicator
Quinaldine red, Thymol blue
Estimation of Sodium benzoate- Preparation of 0.1N solution of HClO4 and its standardization, Assay Procedure, indicator- add few drops of 5% w/v crystal violet in glacial acetic acid as indicator
Estimation of Ephedrine Hydrochloride by NAT
1. Give two example of any two nonaqueous indicator-2
2. Give assay procedure for quantitative analysis of Sodium benzoate. 5
3. Explain the various solvent used in non-aqueos titration. 5
4. Name the two drugs assayed by non aqueous titration. 2
5. Give various types of solvents used in non aqueous titration. 5
6. Mention the solvents used in non aqueous titration. 2
7. Write the exhaustive note on Sodium Benzoate. 5
8. List the type of solvent in non aqueous titration. 5
9. Name two drugs assayed by non aqueous titration. 2
10. Give various types of solvents used in non aqueous titrations. 5
11. What are non aqueous titrations? Explain non aqueous titration of ephedrine.
Give the example of solvents for non aqueous titration. 2
12. Discuss the principle methods involved in estimation of sodium benzoate ans ephedrine HCl
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NON AQUEOUS TITRATION.pptx
Non-aqueous titrations are used for substances that are too weakly acidic or basic to titrate in water. The technique involves dissolving the substance and titrant in a non-aqueous solvent. There are four classes of non-aqueous solvents: protogenic solvents enhance basicity; protophillic solvents enhance acidity; amphiprotic solvents can act as acids or bases; and aprotic solvents are neutral. Common indicators used for non-aqueous titration include crystal violet, quinaldine red, and alpha-naphthal benzene. The substance being titrated can be categorized as behaving as an acid or base under the conditions, and an appropriate titrant
Non Aqueous titration: Definition, Principle and Application
Non aqueous titration refers to a type of titration in which the analyte substance is dissolved in a solvent which does not contain water.
Non-aq. Titration.pdf
Non-aqueous titrations involve using a non-aqueous solvent instead of water. They are used when the reactant is insoluble in water, reactive with water, or too weak an acid or base. The document discusses different types of non-aqueous solvents and their properties, as well as considerations for non-aqueous titration procedures and methods. Common solvents, titrants, and indicators used are outlined. Examples of titrating weak bases with perchloric acid in acetic acid and weak acids with sodium methoxide are provided.
Non aq. titration
This document discusses non-aqueous titration and provides details about the process. It describes the four main types of non-aqueous solvents used - aprotic, protogenic, protophilic, and amphiprotic. The presence of water can interfere with titrations between weak acids and bases by making the titration between a strong and weak system. The basic principles of non-aqueous titration involve the formation of onium ions or acetate ions to create a strong acid or base. Common indicators and procedures for preparing and standardizing perchloric acid are also outlined.
Non Aqueous Acid Base Titration
This presentation summarizes non-aqueous acid-base titration. It introduces the presenter, MD. Zahirul Isalam from the Department of Pharmacy at World University of Bangladesh. The presentation defines non-aqueous titration as titrating weakly acidic or basic substances using non-aqueous solvents to get a sharp endpoint. It discusses the different types of non-aqueous solvents including aprotic, protophilic, protogenic, and amphiprotic solvents. The presentation also covers determining the endpoint through potentiometric or indicator methods and describes examples of titrating weak bases and acids through non-aqueous methods.
Non aq titrations unit 2
Non-aqueous titration has several advantages over aqueous titration:
1. Organic acids and bases insoluble in water can be soluble in non-aqueous solvents allowing them to be titrated.
2. A non-aqueous solvent may help separate two or more acids in a mixture so they can be titrated individually.
3. More substances can be titrated as the solubility and application ranges are enlarged for weak acids/bases that cannot be titrated in water.
Some common non-aqueous solvents used include acetic acid, acetonitrile, alcohols, DMF. Indicators suitable for specific titrations must be selected to indicate the endpoint
Non Aqueous Titration- by Dr. A. Amsavel
This document discusses principles of non-aqueous titration and its applications in pharmaceutical industries. It describes the limitations of aqueous titration and how non-aqueous titration overcomes them. Various types of solvents used in non-aqueous titration are defined including aprotic, protogenic, protophilic and amphiprotic solvents. Acid-base theories, choice of titrants and endpoints, indicators and potentiometric titration are also covered. The document emphasizes the importance of solvent selection and various techniques to improve accuracy in non-aqueous titration.
5. non aqueous titrations
Learning objectives
Introduction
Types of solvents
Acidimetry in non aqueous medium
Alkalimetry in non aqueous medium
Estimation of Sodium benzoate and Ephedrine HCl
Applications of non aqueous titrations in pharmacy
Conclusion
Reference
NON AQUEOUS TITRATION.pptx
The need for non aqueous titration arises because water can behave as a weak base and a weak acid as well, and can hence compete in proton acceptance or proton donation with other weak acids and bases dissolved in it.
Unit First.pptx
This document discusses limitations of Lewis acid-base reactions, properties of buffer solutions, buffer capacity, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation, and applications of buffers in pharmacy. It also covers general principles for adjusting solutions to isotonicity and its importance, types of impurities found in pharmaceutical substances, sources of impurities, effects of impurities, and limit tests for chloride, sulfate, iron, heavy metals, lead, and arsenic. Limit tests are used to identify and control small quantities of impurities that may be present in substances.
Similar to Non aqueous titration (20)
Non aqueous titration, nonaqueous indicator,analysis of Sodium benzoate, non ...
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Non Aqueous titration: Definition, Principle and Application
Non Aqueous titration: Definition, Principle and Application
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Proteins lecture 3
Proteins are composed of amino acids linked together through peptide bonds. Peptides are short chains of amino acids, while proteins can be made of long chains of amino acids folded into shapes. Proteins can be classified based on their size and shape as globular or fibrous proteins, or based on their functions such as structural, regulatory, catalytic, transport, genetic, storage and defense proteins. Some peptides act as toxins or have important roles as hormones, antibiotics, or in oxidation reduction systems.
Strutural organisation of proteins
The document discusses the four levels of protein structure: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary. The primary structure is the linear sequence of amino acids in the peptide chain. The secondary structure involves hydrogen bonding that causes the chain to fold into structures like alpha helices or beta sheets. Tertiary structure describes further folding and interactions that result in the protein's three-dimensional shape. Quaternary structure refers to multiple peptide chains linked together in a protein.
Lipoproteins
Lipoproteins are spherical complexes formed by lipids and proteins that transport insoluble lipids through the blood. There are four main classes of lipoproteins: chylomicrons, very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and high density lipoproteins (HDL). Chylomicrons and VLDL are involved in transporting triglycerides, LDL transports cholesterol, and HDL transports excess cholesterol from tissues back to the liver.
Lipids
This document provides information about lipids and fatty acids. It begins with an outline of chapter topics on the chemistry and classification of lipids. It then defines lipids and lists their main functions in the body. Lipids are classified as simple, complex, or derived, and as saponifiable or non-saponifiable. Key reactions for lipids include hydrolysis. Fatty acids are classified based on saturation and chain length. Essential fatty acids, which must be obtained through diet, are discussed. Neutral fats are described as triacylglycerols composed of glycerol and fatty acids.
Chemistry of lipids
This document discusses lipids and fatty acids. It defines lipids and lists their main functions. Lipids are classified as simple, complex, or derived, and as saponifiable or non-saponifiable. Fatty acids are described, including their chemistry, classification as saturated or unsaturated, nomenclature, and examples of biologically important fatty acids. Essential fatty acids are discussed along with their importance.
Lipids digestion
This document summarizes the digestion, absorption, and transport of dietary lipids in the human body. Dietary lipids undergo limited digestion in the mouth and stomach by lipases before entering the intestine, where pancreatic enzymes emulsify and break down triglycerides, phospholipids, and cholesterol esters into absorbable components. These components are absorbed via micelle transport into intestinal cells and repackaged into chylomicrons that enter the bloodstream. Chylomicrons deliver lipids to tissues and lose triglycerides due to lipoprotein lipase activity before remnants are removed from circulation by the liver.
Chemistry of lipids ii
This document provides information about lipids and fatty acids. It begins by defining lipids and listing their main functions in the body. It then classifies lipids as simple, complex, or derived, and as saponifiable or non-saponifiable. The document further describes the chemistry and classification of fatty acids, including saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fatty acids. It also discusses the nomenclature and isomerism of fatty acids. The key reactions of triacylglycerols are described.
Hormones
Hormones are chemical messengers that are secreted into the blood by endocrine glands and have profound effects on metabolic processes and cellular communication. They can be classified based on their chemical composition, location of receptors, or solubility. The major classes of hormones include steroids such as sex and adrenal hormones, peptides/proteins such as insulin and growth hormone, and amines such as epinephrine. Steroid hormones are derived from cholesterol and include estrogens, androgens, progesterone, corticosteroids, and aldosterone. Peptide hormones include insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin which are secreted by the pancreas, as well as hormones from the pituitary, parathyroid,
Enzymes
This document discusses enzymes and their properties. It begins by defining enzymes as globular proteins that act as biological catalysts to facilitate chemical reactions in living organisms. It then describes general enzyme characteristics such as their catalytic power, specificity, and ability to have their activity regulated. The document discusses how enzymes are named using systematic and common nomenclature systems. It also covers enzyme classification, cofactors/coenzymes, mechanisms of action, factors that influence activity, and kinetic models like Michaelis-Menten. Overall, the document provides a comprehensive overview of the key concepts regarding enzymes.
Urea cycle
1. The urea cycle is a series of enzymatic reactions that occurs primarily in the liver to convert toxic ammonia produced from amino acid catabolism into urea for excretion.
2. The cycle involves five principal reactions: carbamoyl phosphate synthesis, citrulline synthesis, argininosuccinate synthesis, argininosuccinate cleavage, and arginine cleavage into ornithine and urea.
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Lipid catabolism (fatty acid oxidation)
1) Fatty acids undergo beta-oxidation in the mitochondria to break them down into acetyl-CoA units, releasing energy.
2) Beta-oxidation involves a four-step cycle that removes two-carbon acetyl-CoA units from the fatty acid.
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Glycogenolysis
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Philippine Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) Curriculum
(๐๐๐ ๐๐๐) (๐๐๐ฌ๐ฌ๐จ๐ง ๐)-๐๐ซ๐๐ฅ๐ข๐ฆ๐ฌ
๐๐ข๐ฌ๐๐ฎ๐ฌ๐ฌ ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ ๐๐ฎ๐ซ๐ซ๐ข๐๐ฎ๐ฅ๐ฎ๐ฆ ๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐ก๐ข๐ฅ๐ข๐ฉ๐ฉ๐ข๐ง๐๐ฌ:
- Understand the goals and objectives of the Edukasyong Pantahanan at Pangkabuhayan (EPP) curriculum, recognizing its importance in fostering practical life skills and values among students. Students will also be able to identify the key components and subjects covered, such as agriculture, home economics, industrial arts, and information and communication technology.
๐๐ฑ๐ฉ๐ฅ๐๐ข๐ง ๐ญ๐ก๐ ๐๐๐ญ๐ฎ๐ซ๐ ๐๐ง๐ ๐๐๐จ๐ฉ๐ ๐จ๐ ๐๐ง ๐๐ง๐ญ๐ซ๐๐ฉ๐ซ๐๐ง๐๐ฎ๐ซ:
-Define entrepreneurship, distinguishing it from general business activities by emphasizing its focus on innovation, risk-taking, and value creation. Students will describe the characteristics and traits of successful entrepreneurs, including their roles and responsibilities, and discuss the broader economic and social impacts of entrepreneurial activities on both local and global scales.
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Non aqueous titration
- 2. contents 1. What is non-aqueous titration. 2. Theory and role of solvents. 3. What is non-aqueous solvents it's types. โข Aprotic solvent โข Protogenic solvent โข Protophillic solvent โข Amphiprotic solvent. 4. Detection of end point. 5. Non-aqueous Indicators.
- 3. WHAT IS NON AQUEOUS Titration? Non aqueous titration are those titration in which titration of weak acidic or basic substance carried out using non aqueous substance.so has to get end point . Such titration can also be used for the titration of those substance which are not soluble in aqueous solvent. It provide a solvent in which organic compound are soluble. ๏ง Non aqueous solvent are basically used for those acid or base (1) Which donโt give sharp end point in titration. (2) Which donโt soluble in water. Hence non aqueous titration is a titration of substance which dissolve in non aqueous solvent and it is suitable for weak acid and weak base.
- 4. Theoryandroleofsolvent The role of solvent in making a substance and strongly weak acid and strongly weak base. Ex:-Like HCL in water is strong acidic. HCL in water is weak acidic. โข Acetic acid in water is weakly acidic where as acetic acid in ammonia is strongly acidic thus the acidic or basic character are depend on the uses of appropriate solvent. The non aqueous titration can be explained by the use of Bronsted-Lowry theory. According to this theory an acid is a proton donor and base is a proton acceptor.
- 5. Whatisnon-aqueoussolvent&it'stypes Non aqueous solvent which are used in non aqueous titration are called non aqueous solvent. They are following types:- 1. Aprotic Solvent 2. Protogenic Solvent 3. Protophillic Solvent 4. Amphiprotic Solvent
- 6. 1. Aproticsolvent Aprotic solvent are most important solvent in this titration. This solvent are chemically inert and they work as a catalyst. Like this solvent are increase the rate of speed in reaction and also decrease the rate of speed in reaction during the chemical process or reaction it will depend on condition. The most important examples of aprotic solvent are โข Chloroform โข Benzene
- 7. 2.Protogenicsolvent Protogenic solvent are acidic in nature. And they can donate the proton, and they enhance the strength of weak bases. Examples of Protogenic solvent are โข HCL โข H2so4
- 8. 3.Protophillicsolvent Protophillic solvent are basic in nature. Which possess a high affinity for proton. Examples:-Liquid ammonia, amines and ketone.
- 9. 4.AmphiproticSolvent Amphiprotic solvent are those solvent they work as a both mean Protogenic or Protophillic. It means Amphiprotic solvent are acidic and basic in nature. And they are accept the proton and donate the proton. For examples:- Water, Alcohols and weak organic acids
- 10. Detectionofendpoint Visual indicator are formed to the most suitable for the detection of end point in non-aqueous titration. The important indicator used for non-aqueous titration are follow:- 1. Crystal voilet:- It is used as 0.5% solution in glacial acetic acid, it gives voilet colour in basic medium and yellowish green in acidic medium. โข It is most widely use for the titration of pyridine with prechloride acid. 2. Oracet Blue B Indicator:- It is prepared o.5% glacial acetic acid. It gives blue colour in basic medium while pink colour in acidic medium. 3. Quinaldine Red Indicator:- It is used 0.1% solution in methanol/ethanol. Methanol is more stable. It gives yellow colour in basic medium while almost colourless in acidic medium. a
- 11. Indicator method: Crystal violet (0.5 per cent in glacial acetic acid) violet blue-green yellowish- green ฮฑ-Naphtholbenzein (0.2 per cent in glacial acetic acid) blue or blue- green orange dark-green Oracet Blue B (0.5 per cent in glacial acetic acid) blue purple pink Quinaldine Red (0.1 per cent in methanol) magenta ------- almost colour less Indictor Basic Neutral Acidic Color changes Thymol Blue yellow blue
- 12. ADVANTAGES OF NON AQUEOUS TITRATIONS 1) Organic acids and bases that are insoluble in water are soluble in non-aqueous solvent. 2) Organic acid, which is of comparable strength to water, can be titrated easily in non-aqueous solvent. Bases also follow the same rules. 3) A non-aqueous solvent may help two are more acids in mixture. The individual acid can give separate end point in different solvent. 4) By the proper choice of the solvents or indicator, the biological ingredients of a substance whether acidic or basic can be selectively titrated.