The document discusses non-aqueous titration, including what it is, the role of solvents, types of non-aqueous solvents, detection of endpoints, indicators used, and references. Non-aqueous titration involves titrating substances that are not soluble in water using non-aqueous solvents. It outlines the main types of non-aqueous solvents and visual indicators commonly used to detect the endpoints in non-aqueous titrations.

1. SEMINAR ON
NON-AQUEOUS TITRATION
PRESENTED BY:- Shubham Sharma
B.Pharm 4rth Sem
1201450049

2. CONTENTS
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3.
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6.
What is non-aqueous titration.
Theory and role of solvents.
What is non-aqueous solvents it's types.
Aprotic solvent
Protogenic solvent
Protophillic solvent
Amphiprotic solvent.
Detection of end point.
Non-aqueous Indicators.
References.

3. WHAT IS NON AQUEOUS
TITRATION?
Non aqueous titration are those titration in which titration of weak
acidic or basic substance carried out using non aqueous substance.so
has to get end point .
Such titration can also be used for the titration of those substance
which are not soluble in aqueous solvent.
It provide a solvent in which organic compound are soluble.
 Non aqueous solvent are basically used for those acid or base
(1) Which don’t give sharp end point in titration.
(2) Which don’t soluble in water.
Hence non aqueous titration is a titration of substance which dissolve
in non aqueous solvent and it is suitable for weak acid and weak base.

4. THEORY AND ROLE OF
SOLVENT
The role of solvent in making a substance and strongly weak acid
and strongly weak base.
Ex:-Like HCL in water is strong acidic.
HCL in water is weak acidic.
• Acetic acid in water is weakly acidic where as acetic acid in
ammonia is strongly acidic thus the acidic or basic character
are depend on the uses of appropriate solvent.
The non aqueous titration can be explained by the useing
Bronsted-Lowry theory. According to this theory an acid is a
proton donor and base is a proton acceptor.

5. WHAT IS NON-AQUEOUS
SOLVENT & IT'S TYPES
Non aqueous solvent which are used in non aqueous titration are
called non aqueous solvent.
They are following types:1. Aprotic Solvent
2. Protogenic Solvent
3. Protophillic Solvent
4. Amphiprotic Solvent

6. 1. APROTIC SOLVENT
Aprotic solvent are most important solvent in this titration.
This solvent are chemically inert and they work as a catalyst.
Like this solvent are increase the rate of speed in reaction
and also decrease the rate of speed in reaction during the
chemical process or reaction it will depend on condition.
The most important examples of aprotic solvent are
• Chloroform
• Benzene

7. 2. PROTOGENIC SOLVENT
Protogenic solvent are acidic in nature. And they can
donate the proton, and they enhance the strength of
weak bases.
Examples of Protogenic solvent are
• HCL
• H2so4

8. 3.PROTOPHILLIC
SOLVENT
Protophillic solvent are basic in nature. Which possess a
high affinity for proton.
Examples:-Liquid ammonia, amines and ketone.

9. 4.AMPHIPROTIC
SOLVENT
Amphiprotic solvent are those solvent they work
as a both mean Protogenic or Protophillic. It
means Amphiprotic solvent are acidic and basic
in nature. And they are accept the proton and
donate the proton.
For examples:- Water, Alcohols and weak organic
acids

10. DETECTION OF END
POINT
Visual indicator are formed to the most suitable for the detection of
end point in non-aqueous titration.
The important indicator used for non-aqueous titration are follow:1. Crystal voilet:- It is used as 0.5% solution in glacial acetic acid, it gives voilet
•
colour in basic medium and yellowish green in acidic medium.
It is most widely use for the titration of pyridine with prechloride acid.
2. Oracet Blue B Indicator:- It is prepared o.5% glacial acetic acid. It gives
blue colour in basic medium while pink colour in acidic medium.
3. Quinaldine Red Indicator:- It is used 0.1% solution in
methenol/ethenol. Methenol is more stable.
It gives yellow colour in basic medium while almost colourless in acidic medium.
a

11. RERFENCE
my note book of pharmaceutical analysis-II
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?search=non+aqueous+titrt
aion&title=Special:Search&fulltext=1
http://www.scribd.com/doc/21768266/Non-Aqueous-titrationsby-Gunja-Chtaurvedi