The document discusses noninvasive ventilation (NIV) in pediatrics. It notes that while NIV use has increased, pediatric data is limited compared to adults and neonates. There are significant challenges to pediatric NIV including a wide range of patient sizes, limited technology designed for small children, and interface issues. However, NIV may help avoid intubation and mechanical ventilation in situations like respiratory failure, airway obstruction, and neuromuscular weakness. Further research and improved pediatric-specific technology are still needed.