The document discusses networking concepts like routers, switches, and protocols. It explains that routers operate at the network layer and use layer 3 addresses to transmit data between networks, while switches operate at layer 2 and use MAC addresses. It describes common routing protocols like RIP, OSPF, and BGP and how they calculate paths between networks. The document also provides configuration steps that can be taken to secure routers and switches, such as applying vendor patches and disabling unnecessary routing updates.

1. S.Nandhini
II- MSc(CS&IT)
Nadar Saraswathi college of Arts And Science
Theni

2.  Router and Switches to increase the security of the
network .
 As well as provide appropriate configuration steps for
protecting the devices themselves against attacks.

3.  Internet working protocol in use today is the
Transmission control protocol/Internet protocol.
 TCP/IP provides all the necessary components and
mechanisms to transmit data between two computers
over a network.
 A layer two address known as the Media Access
Control(MAC)address.
 A layer Three address known as an IP Address

4.  Switches are layer two devices and routers are layer
three devices
 Switch are the evolving descendents of the network
Hub
 Hub were dumb devices used to transmit packet
between devices connected to them
 And they functioned by retransmitting each and every
packet received on one port out through all of its
other ports.

5.  Router operate at layer three the network layer of
the OSI model and the dominant layer three
protocol in use today is Internet protocol(IP).
 Router are primarily used to move traffic between
different networks as well as between different
sections of the same network.

6.  Number of routing protocols such as Routing
Information protocol ,Open Shortest Path
First(OSPF)and the Border Gateway Protocol(BGP).
 Car perform authentication a common Method is to
disable or filter routing protocol updates on
necessary router interfaces.
 Issue following command
 Router(config-router)#passive-interface ethernet 0

7. Two main of routing protocols Distance-vector and
link-state protocols.
The main different between the two types is in the way
they calculate the most efficient path to the ultimate
destination network

8.  Distance-vector protocol maintain tables of distance
to other networks.
 Distance is measured in terms of hops with each
additional router that a packet must pass through
being considered a hop
 The most popular distance-vector protocol is RIP

9.  Link stage protocol were developed to address the
specific needs of larger networks
 Link state protocol use link-speed metrics to
determine the best route to another network.
 OSPF and BGP are examples of link-state protocol.

10.  Number of configuration steps that can be taken to
ensure the proper operation of your routers and
switches.
 These steps will include applying patches as well as
taking the time to configure the device for increased
security.

11. Patches and updates released by the product vendor
should be applied in a timely manner.
The following are links to some popular lists
 BugTraqwww.securityfocus.com/popups/forums/bugt
raq /intro.shtml
 CERT www.cert.org
 Ciscowww.cisco.com/warp/public/707/advisory.html

12. THANK YOU