This document describes several neonatal reflexes present in newborn infants, including Moro's reflex, the palmar grasp, tonic neck reflex, rooting reflex, and sucking reflex. These reflexes are unconditioned responses to specific stimuli and help assess neurodevelopment. The document provides details on what elicits each reflex, the typical response, when they appear and disappear during development, and potential abnormalities if a reflex is absent, exaggerated, or persists beyond the normal timeframe. Understanding neonatal reflexes is important for evaluating infant development and identifying possible neurodevelopmental issues.

1. NEONATAL REFLEXES
Dr. Balbirsingh
J.L.N.Hospital Research centre,
Bhilai Steel Plant

2. INTRODUCTION
 Actions in response to specific stimuli that are
present in newborn infants.
 These are unconditioned reflexes and not learned
or developed through experience.
 Normally developing neonates or infants are
expected to respond to specific stimuli with a
specific, predictable behaviour or action.

3. MORO’S REFLEXE
ELICITED BY :
PLACING THE BABY IN SEMI UPRIGHT POSITION
↓
SUDDEN DROPING OF HEAD IN RELATION TO TRUNK
AND CATCHING THE FALLING HEAD
DISAPPEARS AT 3 TO 6 MTHS

4. RESPONSE
 OPENING OF HAND
 EXTENSION AND ABDUTION OF UPPER EXTRIMITIES
 ANTERIOR FLEXION OF UPPER EXTRIMITIES
 AUDIBLE CRY

5. ABNORMALITIES:
DEPRESSED OR ABSENT
 GENERALISED DEPRESSION OF CNS
ASYMMETRICAL RESPONSE
 FRACTURE CLAVICLE
 ERB PALSY
 HEMIPARESIS
EXAGERGERATED RESPONSE
 KERNECTERUS

6. STARTLE REFLEX
 It is variant of Moro’s Reflex.
 Ellicited by: sudden loud noise or by
tapping the sternum
 Response is like Moro’s reflex but
elbow remain flexed and hands closed

7. PALMER GRASP
 Elicited By: Placing finger or object in open
palm of each hand
 Response: Infant grasp the object and with
attempted removal grip reinforced

8.  Appears at 28 weeks of gestation and
disappears at 2-3 months of life
 Persistence beyond 6mths: Athetoid
CP

9. TONIC NECK REFLEX
ASYMMETRIC TONIC NECK REFLEX
 Elicited By: Passive rotation of head in supine
position
 Response: Extension of upper limb of same
side and flexion of upper limb of opposite side

10.  Appears at birth and disappear at 3
months
 Persistence > 3 months: Spastic CP
 Importance: Prevents body from
rolling

11. TONIC NECK REFLEX
SYMMETRIC TONIC NECK REFLEX
 Elicited By: Passive extension of head in
prone position
 Response: Extension of both UL & flexion of
both LL

12.  Appears in 3 mths and disappear in 6mths
 Persistence > 6mths : CP
Importance: When baby learn to turn to prone
position chocking over bed may asphyxiate him so
if baby lift his chin by extension of neck both upper
limbs extend automatically and chocking avoided.

13. GALANT REFLEX
 Elicited By: Holding the child in ventral
suspension or placed in prone position and
running finger down in paravertebral area on
one side
 Response: Swinging of pelvis towards
stimulated side

14.  Appears at birth disappear by 1 year
 Used for mapping sensory level of
trunk

15. PEREZ REFLEX
 Elicited By: Holding the child in prone
position and pressure applied upword
along spine.
 Response: Flexion of arms and legs
with extension of neck and cry
 Appear at birth and disappear at 6
weeks

16. TRACTION RESPONSE
 Grasp the baby at his wrist and finger
and pull to sit
 Response: Certain degree of head
control is demonstrated and head is
brought forward actively

17. ADDUCTION RESPONSE
 Elicited by: holding leg of baby in extension
and sole of foot is rubbed
 Response: the other leg first withdraw and
then extend with fanning of toes and bring
toward the side of stimulation (as to push the
noxious stimulus)

18. ROOTING REFLEX
(SEARCH REFLEX)
 Elicited By: Touching the corner of mouth
lightly with finger
 Response: Bottom lip is lowered on same
side and tongue moves towards the point of
stimulation as finger slides away head turns
to find it.

19. Appear 28 week & disappear 4-7 mths
Importance:
 Absence at birth and persistence beyond 7
months indicate developmental delay
 Helps the baby for finding the breast

20. SUCKING REFLEX
 Elicited By: Introducing finger into babies
mouth
 Response: Baby starts sucking vigorously
 Appear at 28 week disappear at 4-7 months
 Absence sucking at birth indicate sickness,
persistence beyond 7 mths developmental
delay

21. LANDAU REFLEX
 Elicited By: Holding the child in ventral
suspension
 Response: Extension of head, spine
and legs

22.  Appear at 3 months disappear at 9
months
 Absence beyond 3 mths indicate motor
weakness, mental sub normality & CP

23. PARACHUTE REFLEX
 Elicited By: Holding the child in ventral
suspension and suddenly brought down
the baby towards ground from height
 Response: Extension of both UL in
attempt to avoid injury

24.  Appears at 6-9 months persists life
long.
 Absent in CP and hemiplegia of
affected limb

25. PLACING REFLEX
 Elicited by: Bringing the anterior aspect of tibia
against edge of table
 Response: Lifts leg on the table
 Appear at birth and disapper
at 6 weeks.

26. WALKING REFLEX
 Elicited by: holding the baby
upright over the table so that sole
of foot presses against the table
 Response: Reciprocal flexion and
extension of leg simulating
walking
 Appears at birth and disappear at
6 week

27. PALMOMENTAL REFLEX
 Elicited by: Pressing the palm
 Response: Opening of mouth
 Appear at birth and disappear
at 3 year

28. CONCLUSION
Knowledge of neonatal reflexes is important for
 Understanding the human development as a
whole.
 Application for over all assessment of baby
 Recognition of possible neurodevelopemental
damage in prenatal and perinatal period.
 Establishment of the prognosis for future
 Predicting the Childs future potential

29. THANKS