Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement and posture, caused by damage to the developing brain before or during birth. It involves motor disturbances as well as disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behavior. The main types are spastic, dyskinetic, and ataxic. Cerebral palsy is diagnosed through physical examination, neurological assessment, and imaging tests like MRI and CT scan. Treatment involves physical, occupational, speech, and recreational therapy to improve mobility and function. Medications can help reduce spasticity and seizures, while surgery may correct orthopedic issues. Nursing care focuses on supporting therapies, ensuring nutrition, and educating families.
Learn more about autism and how it impacts an individual's ability to function on a day to day basis.
We would love to read your feedback so please contact us and tell us what you think/feel.
30 elementary, middle, and high school students came together to animate their ideas in front of a live audience in a series of short and inspiring talks. The concept of the Nspire Talks is a charity event to give kids the stage and microphone to add their voice to the collective conversation and inspire others. Speeches are no more than five minutes and cover a wide range of topics. All talks answered the question: "What's your vision for ...?"
This year's event benefitted the Michigan Eye Bank and raised awareness of the impact of the Organ Donor Registry.
A brief introduction to the topic cerebral palsy, prepared by Dr Yash Oza, PG resident in MS Orthopaedics
Etiology, Classification, assessment, diagnosis, treatment
Cerebral refers to the brain & Palsy can mean weakness or paralysis or lack of muscle control.
Therefore cerebral palsy is a disorder of muscle control which results from some damage to part of the brain. The term cerebral palsy is used when the problem has occurred early in life, to the developing brain.
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
Contact us if you are interested:
Email / Skype : kefaya1771@gmail.com
Threema: PXHY5PDH
New BATCH Ku !!! MUCH IN DEMAND FAST SALE EVERY BATCH HAPPY GOOD EFFECT BIG BATCH !
Contact me on Threema or skype to start big business!!
Hot-sale products:
NEW HOT EUTYLONE WHITE CRYSTAL!!
5cl-adba precursor (semi finished )
5cl-adba raw materials
ADBB precursor (semi finished )
ADBB raw materials
APVP powder
5fadb/4f-adb
Jwh018 / Jwh210
Eutylone crystal
Protonitazene (hydrochloride) CAS: 119276-01-6
Flubrotizolam CAS: 57801-95-3
Metonitazene CAS: 14680-51-4
Payment terms: Western Union,MoneyGram,Bitcoin or USDT.
Deliver Time: Usually 7-15days
Shipping method: FedEx, TNT, DHL,UPS etc.Our deliveries are 100% safe, fast, reliable and discreet.
Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
4. Definition
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a group of permanent disorder of
the development of movement and posture, causing activity
limitation.
(Hockenberry & wilson)
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a motor disorder, the condition
involves disturbances of sensation, perception,
communication, cognition and behavior, secondary
musculoskeletal problems and epilepsy.
(Hockenberry & wilson)
5. CP is term used for a group of non progressive disorder of
movement and posture caused by abnormal development
of damage to motor control centers of the brain.
(medical dictionary.com)
CP is a disorder of the movement, muscle tone,/ posture
that is caused by an insult to the immature, developing
brain, most often before birth.
(mayoclinic.com)
16. Type of cerebral palsy
1) Spastic (Pyramidal)
characterized by persistent primitive reflexes, positive babinski reflex, ankle
clonus, exaggerated stretch reflex, eventual development of contractures.
Type of spastic cerebral palsy:
Hemiplegia: motor dysfunction on one side of the body, upper extremity
more affected than lower.
Diplegia: all extremities affected, but lower extremities more effected than
upper.
Tetraplegia (quadriplegia): all four extremities involved.
Triplegia: involving three extremities.
Monoplegia: involving only one extremities..
Paraplegia: pure cerebral paraplegia of lower extremities.
18. 2) Dyskinetic (Nonspecific, extrapyramidal)
Athetoid: chorea (involuntary, irregular, jerking movements),
characterized by slow, wormlike, writhing movements that usually
involve the extremities, trunk, neck, facial muscle and tongue
Dystonic: slow, twisting movements of the trunk or extremities,
abnormal posture
Involvement of the pharyngeal and oral muscle causing drooling
and dysarthria (imperfect speech articulation)
20. 3) Ataxic (Nonspastic, extrapyramidal)
Wide-based gait
Rapid, repetitive movement performed poorly
Disintegration of movements of the upper extremities
when the child reaches for objects
22. Clinical Manifestation
1. Physical signs
poor head control after 3 months of age
stiff or rigid arms or legs
pushing away or arching back
floppy or limp body posture
cannot sit up without support by 8 months
uses only one side of the body, or only the arms to crawl
clenched hands after 3 months
leg scissoring
seizures
sensory impairment (hearing, vision)
after 6 months of age, persistent tongue thrusting
27. Diagnostic test
Physical examination.
History taking.
Neurologic assessment .
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which uses radio and magnetic
waves to study the brain in more detail.
Ultrasound: uses sound waves to detect certain type of structural and
anatomic abnormalities.
Computerised tomography (CT) scan, uses a series of X-rays that are
then assembled by a computer to create a detailed 3-D model of your
child's brain.
28. Electroencephalogram (EEG), where small electrodes are
placed on the scalp to monitor brain activity.
Electromyogram (EMG) and nerve conduction studies
(NCS) to testing the electrical activity of muscles and to
measures the conducting function of nerves.
Laboratory studies, to detect any blood clotting and screen
for genetic or metabolic problems.
Additional tests: Vision impairment, Hearing impairment,
Speech delays or impairments, Intellectual disabilities,
Other developmental delays, Movement disorders
30. Treatment
Medical
Therapy can help a person with cerebral palsy to enhance functional
abilities and therapy is chiefly symptomatic and preventive.
The broad aims of therapy are :
o To establish locomotion, communication and self help.
o To gain optimum appearance and integration of motor functions.
o To correct associated defects as early and effectively .
o To provide educational opportunities adapted to the individual child’s
needs and capabilities
o To promote socialization experiences with other affected unaffected
children
31. The therapy treatment include:
1. Physical therapy
physical therapy is directed toward good skeletal alignment for child
with spasticity, training, face involuntary motion and gait training.
Physical therapy can help the child's strength, flexibility, balance,
motor development and mobility.
physical therapy uses orthotic devices, such as braces, casting and
splints to support and improved walking.
32. 2. Occupational therapy.
Using alternative strategies and adaptive equipment,
occupational therapists work to promote the child's
independent participation in daily activities and routines in
the home, the school and the community.
Adaptive equipment may include walkers, quadrupedal
canes, seating systems or electric wheelchairs.
33. 3. Speech and language therapy
Speech-language pathologists can help improve the
child's ability to speak clearly or to communicate using
sign language.
4. Recreation therapy
This therapy can help improve your child's motor skills,
speech and emotional well-being.
34.
35. Pharmacological
The goal of drug therapy is to reduce the effects of cerebral palsy and
prevent complications:
Analgesic drug, to reduce intense pain or muscle spasm.
Botulinum toxin type A, used to reduce spasticity in targeted muscle of
the upper and lower extremities.
Inhaled nitrous / oral midazolam used for sedation duringbotulinum
toxin A injection.
Dantrolene sodium, baclofen, and diazepam to improving muscle
coordination and to muscle relaxation.
Anticonvulsants drug, to relieve or stop seizures
36. Surgical
Surgery used to correct problems with bones and joints, by lengthening
any muscles and tendons that are too short and causing problems.
1. Orthopedic surgery
Orthopedic surgery may be required to correct contracture or spastic
deformities, to provide stability for an uncontrolled joint, to address
bone malalignment, and to provide balanced muscle power.
Example for orthopedic surgery: tendon transfer, muscle lengthening,
and spinal deformities.
37.
38. 2. Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR)
Selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) is a surgical procedure that can help
children with particularly severe muscle stiffness in their legs to improve
their walking. The operation involves cutting some of the nerves in the
lower spinal column, which can help relieve leg stiffness.
3. Gastrostomy
Surgery may performed to improve feedings, correct gastroesophageal
reflux disease and correct associated dental problems.
42. Nursing responsibility
Assessment of infants for abnormal muscle tones, inability to achieve
milestones, and persistence of neonatal reflexes .
Reinforce the therapeutic plan and assist the family devising and
modifying equipment and activities to continue the therapy program the
home.
Encourage parents to define their concerns, acknowledge the concerns
as genuine, and ask the parents what approach.
Ensure as adequate nutritional and caloric intake.
Monitor the body weight.
Assistance and advice parents to administration medication through
gastrostomy tube to prevent clotting.
43. Flush the feeding tube with more water after administration
medication.
Immunization should be administered to prevent childhood
illness and protect against respiratory tract infections such
as influenza.
Educate families in the principle of family centered care
and parents professional collaboration.
45. In Popular Culture...
Spandan is a critically aclaimed social
family drama directed by two IITians
which revolves around a daughter with
Cerebral Palsy.
Arun Shourie with his son Aditya, on
whom he has written a book - Does He
know a mother's heart?
46. Thank You & Wear Green!
First Wednesday of October, every year!