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This document contains 12 questions related to hematology for pediatric practical exams. Each question provides clinical information about a pediatric patient and asks for the diagnosis, relevant investigations, treatment, or other information. The answers are then provided, detailing the bone marrow diagnosis, differential diagnoses, inheritance patterns, prognostic factors, or other requested information for each clinical scenario.
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DNB Pediatrics OSCE CME (Command Hospital, Pune)
Tuberculosis of the spine is the likely diagnosis here. The incubation period is usually 2 years. The commonest site is the thoracolumbar area which is an area of maximum stress and has valveless venous drainage.
Os i2
This document contains questions and answers related to pediatric imaging, cardiology, gastroenterology, hematology, neurology and other topics. It includes radiological images and questions about diagnoses, management, and embryology. The document is a study guide for the OSCE pediatrics exam covering various pediatric body systems and conditions assessed through imaging modalities like X-ray, CT and MRI.
Dnb pediatrics osce 2 for PGS in Southern Railway Hospital
DNB pediatrics Osce for Post graduates in southern Railway Head Quarter Hospital. This includes a video Station. Click on the picture to play the video
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This document provides information about the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) for postgraduate medical students. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
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OSCE MAY 2022-PART-5 -PAED.pptx
This document contains summaries of 16 patient case scenarios presented at an OSCE exam. For each case, the key presenting signs and symptoms, likely diagnosis, relevant diagnostic tests and treatment recommendations are outlined in 1-3 concise sentences. The cases cover a range of pediatric topics including neonatal jaundice, dehydration, rashes, developmental delays, diabetes insipidus, and more.
Pediatrics OSCE
1. The child presents with abdominal pain, fever, and decreased appetite for 13 days. Examination finds a coated tongue.
2. The most likely diagnosis is enteric fever. Investigations include blood culture, Widal test, and bone marrow culture. Complications are intestinal hemorrhage, perforation, encephalopathy, and sepsis.
3. There is a typhoid vaccine of purified Vi antigen in a single 0.5ml dose with booster doses every two years.
Pediatrics OSCE pictures
This document provides an overview of various pediatric diseases and conditions organized into sections on neonatology, infectious diseases, and specific infections. Key points include:
- Vernix caseosa and lanugo hair are normal newborn skin features providing lubrication and protection. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a serious intestinal infection of preterm infants treated with bowel rest and antibiotics or surgery.
- Common bacterial infections like GABHS can cause pharyngitis, scarlet fever, or rheumatic fever. Diphtheria causes membrane formation and potential cardiac/neurologic complications.
- Viral infections like measles cause a rash and can lead to pneumonia or encephalitis. Congen
Mock OSCE Pediatrics Apr 2013
1) Vitamin B12 deficiency
2) Pernicious anemia
3) Folic acid deficiency
4) Iron deficiency anemia
5) Biermer's disease
a) Megaloblastic anemia
b) Macrocytic anemia
c) Microcytic anemia
d) Combined degeneration of spinal cord
e) Pancytopenia
1 - b
2 - b
3 - a
4 - c
5 - d
STATION - 20 B
Name the investigations for diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia:
Recommended
DNB Pediatrics OSCE CME (Command Hospital, Pune)
Tuberculosis of the spine is the likely diagnosis here. The incubation period is usually 2 years. The commonest site is the thoracolumbar area which is an area of maximum stress and has valveless venous drainage.
Os i2
This document contains questions and answers related to pediatric imaging, cardiology, gastroenterology, hematology, neurology and other topics. It includes radiological images and questions about diagnoses, management, and embryology. The document is a study guide for the OSCE pediatrics exam covering various pediatric body systems and conditions assessed through imaging modalities like X-ray, CT and MRI.
Dnb pediatrics osce 2 for PGS in Southern Railway Hospital
DNB pediatrics Osce for Post graduates in southern Railway Head Quarter Hospital. This includes a video Station. Click on the picture to play the video
OSCE Pediatrics CME (Dr.D.Y.Patil Medical College)
This document provides information about the Objective Structured Clinical Examination (OSCE) for postgraduate medical students. It discusses the following key points in 3 sentences:
The OSCE consists of 30 stations including 4-5 rest stations, for a total of 150 marks. Five of the stations are observed stations worth 50 marks, which is equivalent to one-third of the total OSCE marks. The document outlines the different types of stations in the OSCE, which are designed to assess candidates in various clinical skills and topics through question formats like questions/answers, clinical scenarios, matching, and interpreting photographs, charts or slides.
OSCE MAY 2022-PART-5 -PAED.pptx
This document contains summaries of 16 patient case scenarios presented at an OSCE exam. For each case, the key presenting signs and symptoms, likely diagnosis, relevant diagnostic tests and treatment recommendations are outlined in 1-3 concise sentences. The cases cover a range of pediatric topics including neonatal jaundice, dehydration, rashes, developmental delays, diabetes insipidus, and more.
Pediatrics OSCE
1. The child presents with abdominal pain, fever, and decreased appetite for 13 days. Examination finds a coated tongue.
2. The most likely diagnosis is enteric fever. Investigations include blood culture, Widal test, and bone marrow culture. Complications are intestinal hemorrhage, perforation, encephalopathy, and sepsis.
3. There is a typhoid vaccine of purified Vi antigen in a single 0.5ml dose with booster doses every two years.
Pediatrics OSCE pictures
This document provides an overview of various pediatric diseases and conditions organized into sections on neonatology, infectious diseases, and specific infections. Key points include:
- Vernix caseosa and lanugo hair are normal newborn skin features providing lubrication and protection. Necrotizing enterocolitis is a serious intestinal infection of preterm infants treated with bowel rest and antibiotics or surgery.
- Common bacterial infections like GABHS can cause pharyngitis, scarlet fever, or rheumatic fever. Diphtheria causes membrane formation and potential cardiac/neurologic complications.
- Viral infections like measles cause a rash and can lead to pneumonia or encephalitis. Congen
Mock OSCE Pediatrics Apr 2013
1) Vitamin B12 deficiency
2) Pernicious anemia
3) Folic acid deficiency
4) Iron deficiency anemia
5) Biermer's disease
a) Megaloblastic anemia
b) Macrocytic anemia
c) Microcytic anemia
d) Combined degeneration of spinal cord
e) Pancytopenia
1 - b
2 - b
3 - a
4 - c
5 - d
STATION - 20 B
Name the investigations for diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia:
Pediatric endocrinology review MCQs- part 6
The document describes a case of an 11-year-old boy with congenital adrenal hyperplasia who presented with right testicular swelling. Ultrasound revealed a right-sided small hypoechoic mass. The most likely diagnosis is a testicular adrenal rest tumor (TART). TARTs are a common complication in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia that develop due to lack of suppression of adrenal tissue in the testes. If left untreated, TARTs can cause compression of the seminiferous tubules and lead to infertility. Screening with ultrasound is recommended annually beginning at age 5 to detect TARTs early.
DNB Pediatrics OSCE Set 2
The CT scan shows a large extradural haematoma on the right side of the brain causing mass effect and midline shift. The ventricles are compressed. Differential diagnoses for the large abdominal mass include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma and pheochromocytoma. The chest X-ray shows bowel loops in the chest cavity indicating a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia. Management includes NG drainage, ventilation until stable, and corrective surgery.
OSCE Pediatrics Dr.Mehta Hospital 2012
The document outlines the goals and objectives of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in India at the national level. Some key points include:
1) Reducing infant mortality rate to 30 per 1000 live births and maternal mortality ratio to 100 per 1 lakh live births.
2) Reducing malaria and dengue mortality rates by specific percentages by 2012.
3) Maintaining an 85% cure rate for tuberculosis through DOTS services.
4) Increasing utilization of First Referral Units from less than 20% to 75%.
5) Engaging 250,000 female community health workers called ASHAs in 10 states.
6) NRHM was launched in 2005 for a
OSCE - Pune mock OSCE 2012
What is the most likely diagnosis? (1)
Station 10 B
A child presents with recurrent infections since birth. On examination he has sparse hair, cafe au lait spots and hypotonia.
Pediatrics mock OSCE Oct 2013
The 4 categories of vaccines are:
1. Live attenuated vaccines: These are vaccines created from live weakened (attenuated) strains of viruses or bacteria. They mimic natural infection to stimulate immune response. Examples include MMR, BCG, chickenpox, rotavirus vaccines.
2. Inactivated vaccines: These are created from viruses or bacteria that have been killed (inactivated) using heat, chemicals, or radiation. Examples include influenza, hepatitis A vaccines.
3. Toxoid vaccines: These are created from bacterial toxins that have been inactivated with formaldehyde. Examples include tetanus and diphtheria vaccines.
4. Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines
Pediatrics OSCE, RIPE 2013
Mother describes the following history:
- 6 year old boy
- No significant past history
- Started having episodes of staring spells 2 months back
- Gradually progressed to generalized tonic clonic seizures
- Seizures last 2-3 minutes followed by postictal confusion
- No fever, trauma preceding seizures
- No developmental delay or regression
- No family history of seizures
OSCE 10 ANSWER
1. Osteogenesis imperfecta
2. Autosomal dominant
3. Defective collagen synthesis
4. Rickets
5. Wormian bones, hearing loss, blue sclera, dentinogenesis imperfecta
OSCE 11 ANSWER
1. Down syndrome
Rainbow Hospital OSCE
This document contains questions and answers from an OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) related to pediatrics.
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Here are the matches:
1) BCG - Live attenuated bacteria
2) OPV - Viral Antigen
3) DPT - Bacterial sub unit
4) Hib - Toxoid & killed bacteria
OSCE in pediatric 1 By Omar Albesshrei
This document contains a list of over 100 medical terms and conditions relevant to pediatrics. Some examples included are achondroplasia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chickenpox, congenital hypothyroidism, Crohn's disease, Down syndrome, ectopic pregnancy, meningomyelocele, muscular dystrophy, nephrotic syndrome, osteomyelitis, and sickle cell anemia. The list appears to be terms and conditions that may be encountered in a pediatric clinical setting or OSCE exam.
OSCE Pediatrics (Pune)
Here are the first 5 steps in managing a newborn presenting with seizures on day 2 of life:
1. Ensure patent airway and provide oxygen via mask or endotracheal tube if needed.
2. Start IV access and obtain blood for glucose, calcium, magnesium, blood gas, CBC, CRP levels.
3. Give 10% dextrose bolus if hypoglycemia suspected.
4. Give phenobarbitone 20mg/kg loading dose if seizures persist after correction of hypoglycemia.
5. Start antibiotics like ampicillin and gentamicin to cover for sepsis until culture reports are available.
Heart failure in children
This document discusses heart failure in children. It defines heart failure as the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The key factors that affect cardiac performance are preload, afterload, and contractility. In children, common causes of heart failure include congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy, and acquired conditions like myocarditis. Symptoms depend on whether left-sided or right-sided heart failure predominates. Treatment focuses on correcting underlying causes, diet modification, diuretics to reduce preload, digitalis to improve contractility, and dilators to reduce afterload. Imaging studies like echocardiograms are important for diagnosis.
Pediatric endocrine revesion (part 1)
This document contains a series of multiple choice questions regarding pediatric endocrinology cases. It provides background information and definitions for various conditions that may be relevant to understanding the questions, such as precocious puberty, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and craniopharyngioma. The questions cover topics like diagnosing the cause of pubertal symptoms in children, evaluating short stature, and determining the appropriate treatment or workup for endocrine-related conditions.
RIPE 2012 Pediatrics OSCE
This document contains an OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) practice exam for pediatrics. It includes 10 multiple choice matching questions that pair drugs used in pregnancy with their expected adverse effects on the fetus. It also includes several short clinical vignettes followed by 5 questions each. The vignettes cover topics like interpreting an ABG result, identifying sickle cell anemia from a peripheral smear, making a diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess from presented symptoms, and more. The goal of the summary is to provide a high-level overview of the content and focus of the practice exam.
OSCE in Pediatrics (Wadia, Sept 2011)
1. What is the most likely diagnosis? Cushing's syndrome
2. Name 3 clinical features:
1. Weight gain
2. Moon face
3. Buffalo hump
3. Investigations: 24 hr urinary free cortisol
4. Treatment: Surgical removal of adrenal tumor/ pituitary tumor
5. Complications if untreated: Hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis
Pediatrics OSCE pictures part 2
This document provides information on various pediatric medical conditions organized into sections on nutritional deficiencies, rheumatology, genetic syndromes, radiology, ECGs, endocrinology, and miscellaneous topics. Key conditions discussed include Down syndrome, tuberculosis, croup, hypothyroidism, rickets, craniosynostosis, and allergic rhinitis. Diagnostic features, treatments, and complications are outlined for many common pediatric diseases and disorders.
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Evaluation of an infant with hypotonia is described including history, examination and investigations. Clinical algorithm for such evaluation is presented.
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This document contains a series of stations from an OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) in pediatrics. It includes 23 stations testing knowledge of various pediatric conditions through patient scenarios, investigations, images, and smears. For each station, the examinee is asked to identify findings, diagnoses, appropriate tests or management. The stations cover topics like congenital heart disease, meningitis, nephrotic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and various hematologic conditions discernible from blood smears.
OSCE Pediatrics
1. Findings in this x-ray: Bilateral coalesced opacities in upper and mid zones.
2. Two important conditions which produce similar findings: Pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia.
3. To differentiate radiologically: In tuberculosis, opacities are more dense and cavitation is seen. In pneumonia, opacities are less dense and consolidation is seen.
4. Hematological problems that can occur: Anemia due to chronic disease, thrombocytopenia.
Birth defects
This document discusses birth defects, their causes, and types. It notes that birth defects can be caused by genetic factors like chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, or a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Environmental factors mentioned as potential causes include infections, radiation, chemicals, alcohol, hormones, and nutritional deficiencies. The document categorizes types of abnormalities as malformations, disruptions, deformations, or syndromes. It provides examples of specific birth defects and discusses the possibility of fetal therapy.
Birth defect 2014
1. The document describes fetal development from pre-embryonic to embryonic stages, covering organogenesis and development of major organs from 4-12 weeks.
2. It then covers types of birth defects such as malformations, disruptions, deformations, and dysplasias which can be caused by genetic or environmental factors such as infections, drugs, or radiation exposure during pregnancy.
3. The major causes of birth defects are described as genetic factors in 40-60% of cases, maternal illnesses and infections in 20-25% of cases, and multifactorial and unknown causes in 12-25% and 10-13% of cases respectively.
Pe
The ECG shows a pattern of right ventricular hypertrophy with a large R wave in lead V1 and deep S wave in lead V6, suggesting enlarged right ventricle. This, along with the juvenile T wave pattern of inverted T waves in the precordial leads from birth to age 8, are consistent with the normal developmental changes described in the document as the left ventricle increases in dominance from birth through childhood. The document provides an overview of normal pediatric ECG patterns and intervals across age groups as well as common arrhythmias and abnormalities.
Infectious diseases
This document contains questions from various OSCE pediatric stations related to infectious diseases and vaccines. It includes questions on topics like congenital tuberculosis, BCG adenitis, malaria resistance, hepatitis B infection, kala azar, cysticercosis, polio eradication, Japanese encephalitis, HIV diagnosis and treatment, avian influenza, meningococcal disease, Tourette's syndrome, neurocysticercosis, rheumatic fever, polio cases in India, IPV vaccine, vaccine storage, osteomyelitis, non-polio enteroviruses, Hib infections, otitis media risk factors, pyrexia of unknown origin, common pediatric infections, and true/false statements about
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Pediatric endocrinology review MCQs- part 6
The document describes a case of an 11-year-old boy with congenital adrenal hyperplasia who presented with right testicular swelling. Ultrasound revealed a right-sided small hypoechoic mass. The most likely diagnosis is a testicular adrenal rest tumor (TART). TARTs are a common complication in males with congenital adrenal hyperplasia that develop due to lack of suppression of adrenal tissue in the testes. If left untreated, TARTs can cause compression of the seminiferous tubules and lead to infertility. Screening with ultrasound is recommended annually beginning at age 5 to detect TARTs early.
DNB Pediatrics OSCE Set 2
The CT scan shows a large extradural haematoma on the right side of the brain causing mass effect and midline shift. The ventricles are compressed. Differential diagnoses for the large abdominal mass include neuroblastoma, Wilms tumor, lymphoma, soft tissue sarcoma and pheochromocytoma. The chest X-ray shows bowel loops in the chest cavity indicating a right-sided diaphragmatic hernia. Management includes NG drainage, ventilation until stable, and corrective surgery.
OSCE Pediatrics Dr.Mehta Hospital 2012
The document outlines the goals and objectives of the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in India at the national level. Some key points include:
1) Reducing infant mortality rate to 30 per 1000 live births and maternal mortality ratio to 100 per 1 lakh live births.
2) Reducing malaria and dengue mortality rates by specific percentages by 2012.
3) Maintaining an 85% cure rate for tuberculosis through DOTS services.
4) Increasing utilization of First Referral Units from less than 20% to 75%.
5) Engaging 250,000 female community health workers called ASHAs in 10 states.
6) NRHM was launched in 2005 for a
OSCE - Pune mock OSCE 2012
What is the most likely diagnosis? (1)
Station 10 B
A child presents with recurrent infections since birth. On examination he has sparse hair, cafe au lait spots and hypotonia.
Pediatrics mock OSCE Oct 2013
The 4 categories of vaccines are:
1. Live attenuated vaccines: These are vaccines created from live weakened (attenuated) strains of viruses or bacteria. They mimic natural infection to stimulate immune response. Examples include MMR, BCG, chickenpox, rotavirus vaccines.
2. Inactivated vaccines: These are created from viruses or bacteria that have been killed (inactivated) using heat, chemicals, or radiation. Examples include influenza, hepatitis A vaccines.
3. Toxoid vaccines: These are created from bacterial toxins that have been inactivated with formaldehyde. Examples include tetanus and diphtheria vaccines.
4. Subunit, recombinant, polysaccharide, and conjugate vaccines
Pediatrics OSCE, RIPE 2013
Mother describes the following history:
- 6 year old boy
- No significant past history
- Started having episodes of staring spells 2 months back
- Gradually progressed to generalized tonic clonic seizures
- Seizures last 2-3 minutes followed by postictal confusion
- No fever, trauma preceding seizures
- No developmental delay or regression
- No family history of seizures
OSCE 10 ANSWER
1. Osteogenesis imperfecta
2. Autosomal dominant
3. Defective collagen synthesis
4. Rickets
5. Wormian bones, hearing loss, blue sclera, dentinogenesis imperfecta
OSCE 11 ANSWER
1. Down syndrome
Rainbow Hospital OSCE
This document contains questions and answers from an OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) related to pediatrics.
The first question describes cherry red spot in the retina as seen in various lysosomal storage disorders like Tay Sachs disease. Subsequent questions cover topics like surface markings of the lungs, diagnosis and treatment of wide complex tachycardia, proper disposal of medical waste after a procedure, MRI findings suggestive of Miller-Dieker syndrome, identification and treatment of Pneumocystis jirovecii, demonstration of cerebellar signs, counseling a mother about acute lymphoblastic leukemia in her child, emergency management of an infant with sudden onset respiratory distress, eliciting various pediatric reflexes, diagnosis
OSCE Pediatrics KKCTH
Here are the matches:
1) BCG - Live attenuated bacteria
2) OPV - Viral Antigen
3) DPT - Bacterial sub unit
4) Hib - Toxoid & killed bacteria
OSCE in pediatric 1 By Omar Albesshrei
This document contains a list of over 100 medical terms and conditions relevant to pediatrics. Some examples included are achondroplasia, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, chickenpox, congenital hypothyroidism, Crohn's disease, Down syndrome, ectopic pregnancy, meningomyelocele, muscular dystrophy, nephrotic syndrome, osteomyelitis, and sickle cell anemia. The list appears to be terms and conditions that may be encountered in a pediatric clinical setting or OSCE exam.
OSCE Pediatrics (Pune)
Here are the first 5 steps in managing a newborn presenting with seizures on day 2 of life:
1. Ensure patent airway and provide oxygen via mask or endotracheal tube if needed.
2. Start IV access and obtain blood for glucose, calcium, magnesium, blood gas, CBC, CRP levels.
3. Give 10% dextrose bolus if hypoglycemia suspected.
4. Give phenobarbitone 20mg/kg loading dose if seizures persist after correction of hypoglycemia.
5. Start antibiotics like ampicillin and gentamicin to cover for sepsis until culture reports are available.
Heart failure in children
This document discusses heart failure in children. It defines heart failure as the heart's inability to pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. The key factors that affect cardiac performance are preload, afterload, and contractility. In children, common causes of heart failure include congenital heart defects, cardiomyopathy, and acquired conditions like myocarditis. Symptoms depend on whether left-sided or right-sided heart failure predominates. Treatment focuses on correcting underlying causes, diet modification, diuretics to reduce preload, digitalis to improve contractility, and dilators to reduce afterload. Imaging studies like echocardiograms are important for diagnosis.
Pediatric endocrine revesion (part 1)
This document contains a series of multiple choice questions regarding pediatric endocrinology cases. It provides background information and definitions for various conditions that may be relevant to understanding the questions, such as precocious puberty, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and craniopharyngioma. The questions cover topics like diagnosing the cause of pubertal symptoms in children, evaluating short stature, and determining the appropriate treatment or workup for endocrine-related conditions.
RIPE 2012 Pediatrics OSCE
This document contains an OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) practice exam for pediatrics. It includes 10 multiple choice matching questions that pair drugs used in pregnancy with their expected adverse effects on the fetus. It also includes several short clinical vignettes followed by 5 questions each. The vignettes cover topics like interpreting an ABG result, identifying sickle cell anemia from a peripheral smear, making a diagnosis of retropharyngeal abscess from presented symptoms, and more. The goal of the summary is to provide a high-level overview of the content and focus of the practice exam.
OSCE in Pediatrics (Wadia, Sept 2011)
1. What is the most likely diagnosis? Cushing's syndrome
2. Name 3 clinical features:
1. Weight gain
2. Moon face
3. Buffalo hump
3. Investigations: 24 hr urinary free cortisol
4. Treatment: Surgical removal of adrenal tumor/ pituitary tumor
5. Complications if untreated: Hypertension, diabetes, osteoporosis
Pediatrics OSCE pictures part 2
This document provides information on various pediatric medical conditions organized into sections on nutritional deficiencies, rheumatology, genetic syndromes, radiology, ECGs, endocrinology, and miscellaneous topics. Key conditions discussed include Down syndrome, tuberculosis, croup, hypothyroidism, rickets, craniosynostosis, and allergic rhinitis. Diagnostic features, treatments, and complications are outlined for many common pediatric diseases and disorders.
Floppy infant- Dr. Sankha Jayasinghe
Evaluation of an infant with hypotonia is described including history, examination and investigations. Clinical algorithm for such evaluation is presented.
DNB OSCE SGRH - 2
This document contains a series of stations from an OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) in pediatrics. It includes 23 stations testing knowledge of various pediatric conditions through patient scenarios, investigations, images, and smears. For each station, the examinee is asked to identify findings, diagnoses, appropriate tests or management. The stations cover topics like congenital heart disease, meningitis, nephrotic syndrome, diabetes insipidus, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and various hematologic conditions discernible from blood smears.
OSCE Pediatrics
1. Findings in this x-ray: Bilateral coalesced opacities in upper and mid zones.
2. Two important conditions which produce similar findings: Pulmonary tuberculosis, pneumonia.
3. To differentiate radiologically: In tuberculosis, opacities are more dense and cavitation is seen. In pneumonia, opacities are less dense and consolidation is seen.
4. Hematological problems that can occur: Anemia due to chronic disease, thrombocytopenia.
Birth defects
This document discusses birth defects, their causes, and types. It notes that birth defects can be caused by genetic factors like chromosomal abnormalities, gene mutations, or a combination of genetic and environmental influences. Environmental factors mentioned as potential causes include infections, radiation, chemicals, alcohol, hormones, and nutritional deficiencies. The document categorizes types of abnormalities as malformations, disruptions, deformations, or syndromes. It provides examples of specific birth defects and discusses the possibility of fetal therapy.
Birth defect 2014
1. The document describes fetal development from pre-embryonic to embryonic stages, covering organogenesis and development of major organs from 4-12 weeks.
2. It then covers types of birth defects such as malformations, disruptions, deformations, and dysplasias which can be caused by genetic or environmental factors such as infections, drugs, or radiation exposure during pregnancy.
3. The major causes of birth defects are described as genetic factors in 40-60% of cases, maternal illnesses and infections in 20-25% of cases, and multifactorial and unknown causes in 12-25% and 10-13% of cases respectively.
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The ECG shows a pattern of right ventricular hypertrophy with a large R wave in lead V1 and deep S wave in lead V6, suggesting enlarged right ventricle. This, along with the juvenile T wave pattern of inverted T waves in the precordial leads from birth to age 8, are consistent with the normal developmental changes described in the document as the left ventricle increases in dominance from birth through childhood. The document provides an overview of normal pediatric ECG patterns and intervals across age groups as well as common arrhythmias and abnormalities.
Infectious diseases
This document contains questions from various OSCE pediatric stations related to infectious diseases and vaccines. It includes questions on topics like congenital tuberculosis, BCG adenitis, malaria resistance, hepatitis B infection, kala azar, cysticercosis, polio eradication, Japanese encephalitis, HIV diagnosis and treatment, avian influenza, meningococcal disease, Tourette's syndrome, neurocysticercosis, rheumatic fever, polio cases in India, IPV vaccine, vaccine storage, osteomyelitis, non-polio enteroviruses, Hib infections, otitis media risk factors, pyrexia of unknown origin, common pediatric infections, and true/false statements about
Genetic
This document contains 20 spots related to genetics and genetic disorders. Each spot provides questions to test knowledge of specific genetic syndromes, patterns of inheritance, diagnostic tests and antenatal screening options. For example, Spot 1 asks about autosomal dominant inheritance and examples like neurofibromatosis. Spot 2 asks about tests for Down syndrome screening and translocation risks. The document covers a wide range of genetic topics tested in pediatrics exams.
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This document discusses statistical concepts and tests relevant to epidemiology and biomedical research. It begins by defining key terms like mean, standard deviation, confidence intervals, and p-values. It then discusses different types of data and variables, measures of central tendency, the central limit theorem, and applications of standard error. The document provides examples of choosing appropriate statistical tests for different study designs, including t-tests, ANOVA, chi-square, correlation, and comparing means between two or more groups. Finally, it presents a case study analyzing water-borne disease deaths before and after a water supply installation using appropriate statistical tests.
PG Clinical Training in Pediatrics, KKCTH, 2013
1. The child has cerebral palsy as evidenced by delayed developmental milestones and stiffness of limbs since infancy.
2. There is a history of perinatal complications including prematurity, birth asphyxia, and neonatal sepsis which likely contributed to the development of cerebral palsy.
3. On examination, the child has spastic quadriplegia, exaggerated reflexes, and contractures indicative of static encephalopathy due to perinatal hypoxic ischemic injury.
Hmatology
This document appears to be from an OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) in pediatrics hematology. It contains 15 stations with peripheral blood smears, bone marrow slides, patient histories or test results and questions related to diagnoses, treatments or counseling. The correct answers are provided for each station, addressing topics like megaloblastic anemia, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura, thalassemia, leukemia and histiocytosis.
Vars
The document provides information on various goals and targets to be achieved by the National Rural Health Mission (NRHM) in India at the national level. These include reducing infant mortality rate to 30 per 1000 live births, maternal mortality ratio to 100 per 1 lakh live births, and increasing utilization of First Referral Units from less than 20% to 75%. It also lists engaging 250,000 female community health workers called ASHA in 10 states, and that NRHM was launched in 2005 for a 7 year period with focus on 18 states.
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This document contains summaries of several pediatric OSCE stations, including:
- A station counseling a parent on their child's dyslexia diagnosis.
- Taking a history from the mother of a 2-year-old presenting with severe pallor.
- Examining the blood pressure of a 10-year-old child.
- Administering the MMR vaccine to a 17-month-old child.
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- Performing a musculoskeletal exam on an 8-year-old boy.
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Pediatric EEG - by Dr.Rajesh Ramachandran Nair
Pediatric EEG - by Dr.Rajesh Ramachandran Nair
Source: http://www.macpeds.com/documents/EEGforpediatricresidents.pdf
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This document provides information on hematology spots seen on peripheral smear. It describes the normal appearance of red blood cells, platelets, neutrophils and other white blood cells. It also describes abnormal cells seen in various hematological conditions like iron deficiency anemia, megaloblastic anemia, hereditary spherocytosis and sickle cell disease. Clinical cases are presented and peripheral smear findings are correlated with likely diagnoses. Common hematological investigations are also discussed.
Paraplegia
The document discusses paraplegia, which is an impairment of motor or sensory function in the lower extremities. It describes the different types as spastic or flaccid paraplegia. The causes of spastic paraplegia are then outlined, including both cerebral and spinal causes such as cerebral diplegia, parasagittal meningioma, compressive spinal disorders like disc prolapse, and non-compressive disorders like motor neuron disease. The causes of flaccid paraplegia are also listed, including lesions of the anterior horn cells, peripheral nerves, or myoneural junction disorders.
Scans.. Dr.Padmesh
Diuretic renal scans use radioactive tracers like DTPA, MAG3, or LLEC to evaluate kidney function and rule out obstruction. DTPA/MAG3 scans provide information on renal blood flow, GFR, tubular function, and excretion. DMSA scans use Technetium99m to visualize renal cortex and assess renal scarring. Bone scans use Technetium99m HDP to detect bone metastases, tumors, and infections. HIDA scans use Technetium99m Hepatolite to evaluate gallbladder function and detect causes of jaundice like cholecystitis. Lung V/Q scans use radioactive gas and injections to detect perfusion mismatches diagnostic of pulmonary embolism
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This document contains information about various graphs, charts, and clinical tests that may be included in an OSCE (Objective Structured Clinical Examination) in pediatrics. It includes descriptions and examples of family trees, capnograms, scatter plots, box-and-whisker plots, pulse waveforms, growth charts, Berger's audiometry test, and more. The document is a study guide for the types of charts and diagrams that may be assessed in a pediatric OSCE.
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- 1. OSCE PEDIATRICS FOR PRACTICAL EXAMS HEMATOLOGY www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 2. A 12 yr old girl presents with progressive pallor, lethargy and fatiguability. On examination apart from pallor nothing significant. Her CBC shows a pancytopenia. a) What is the bone marrow diagnosis? b) Which invest. will you ask for? Q1 www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 3. ANSWERS A) Megaloblastic anaemia B) CBC/PS Bone marrow Serum B12 level Serum And Red Cell folate Levels Urinary Excretion Of Orotic Acid To Exclude Orotic Aciduria Deoxy Uridine Supression Test to Dicrminate between Folate and Cobalamine Deficiencies www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 4. A) Identify the abnormality on peripheral smear? B) Name 4 conditions where these cells can be seen. Q2 www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 5. • 2 A) Target cell • B) Thalassemia • Hemoglobinopathies • Hb AC or CC • Hb SS, SC, S-thal • Liver Disease • Post Splenectomy or Hyposplenic states • Severe Iron deficiency • HbE(Hetro and Homozygous) • LCAT deficiency • A betalipoprotenemia www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 6. A 10 yr old girl ,having ITP since 6 months has ecchymotic patch on her leg and has uncontrollable epistaxis. Her platelet count is 4000. A) Which 3 invest. would you advice in her? B) What 4 measures either singly or in combination can be used to treat life threatenig haemorrhage in ITP? Q3 www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 7. • 3A) ANA, ds DNA • HIV, • Ser. Immunoglobulin • 3B) Platelet transfusion • Methyl Prednisolone – 500mg/m2 IV /day x 3 days • IV Ig 0.8 gm/kg • Emergency splenectomy www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 8. A 10 yr old boy with fever and cough since 3 months, breathlessness since 15 days is being treated with anti tuberculous drugs since the last 1.5 months without relief. A) Give the differential diagnosis of mediastinal widening in anterior, middle and posterior mediastinum? Q4 www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 9. • 4) Anterior medistinum----- – Lymphoid tumors,NHL,HD,ALL – Thyroid tumors – Thymoma – Bronchogenic cysts, Aneurysm, Lipoma • Middle Mediastinum – LN Masses – Tertoma – Angioma – Diaphargmatic hernia, Pericardial cyst, Bronchogenic Cyst, Esophageal lesions, • Posterior mediastinum – Neurologic tumors(neuroblastoma, ganglioneuroma) – Lymphoma – RMS – Ewing’s sarcoma – Bronchogenic Cysts, Enterogenous cysts, Thoracic meningocele www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 10. A) Which haematological condition is this boy with short stature and double thumb suffering from? B) What is the inheritance pattern? C) Which is the commonest haematological malignancy these children can develop? Q5 www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 11. • 5 A) Fanconis Anemia • B) autosomal recessive • C) MDS &/or AML www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 12. A) Which 1 inves would you advice? B) What is the diagnosis? C) Which type would he be categorized as? D) What is the mode of inheritance? 1.5yr old boy with minor injury develops this swelling? Q6 www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 13. • A) PT/PTTK • B) hemophillia A or B • C) moderate • D) X linked Recessive www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 14. A) Identify the abnormality on peripheral smear? B) What is the inheritance pattern? Q7 www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 15. • 7 A) Sickle Cells • B) Autosomal dominant or spontaneous mutation www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 16. A) Name the tumor and the eye. B) Name any 2 conditions associated with this tumor. This 3 yr old girl with a solid tumor has developed a periorbital haemorrhage. Q8 www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 17. • 8 A)Neuroblastoma and Raccoon eyes • B) Neurofibromatosis • Hirschprung’s Disease with aganglionic colon • Phaeochromocytoma in family • Fetal Hydantoin syndrome • Fetal alcohol syndrome • Nesidioblastosis www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 18. A) Identify the abnormality on the peripheral smear? B) Name 4 conditions where this smear can be seen? Q9 www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 19. • 9 A) Spherocytes • B) Hereditary spherocytosis, • Burns, • AIHA, • ABO incompatibility • Microangiopathic hemolytic anemia • SS Disease • Hypersplenism • Post transfusion • PK deficiency • Water dilution hemolysis www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 20. A) What is the bone Marrow Diagnosis? B) Give 5 poor prognostic factors associated with this condition? 11 yr old male child presents with pallor, fatigue and hepatosplenomegaly.His Cbc shows pancytopenia Q10 www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 21. • 10 A) AML • B) WBC > 100000/cumm • Monosomy 7 • Secondary AML • FLT3 ITD • MRD present after induction www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 22. A) What is the most likely diagnosis? B) Which 2 investigations will clinch the diagnosis? C) What is the treatment of this condition? A 3 month old infant exclusively breast fed presents with loose motions since early neonatal period. On examination she is pale and is failing to thrive. Her CBC shows a pancytopenia. Her blood sugar is 200mg/dl. Q11 www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 23. • 11 A) Pearson marrow pancreas Syndrome • B) Macrocytic anemia with increased HbF • Ringed sideroblasts with vacuolization of marrow precursors (erythroid and granulocytic series) • C) packed cell with G CSF transfusion. www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 24. A 4 day old neonate with birth asphyxia was referred to the haematology services for a very high WBC count in the range of 60,000, the platelet count being 6 lakhs. Sepsis in the newborn was ruled out. The baby was cyanosed on examination. A)What is the most likely diagnosis? B)Is the condition primary or secondary? C)Name tests to be performed to prove your diagnosis? Q12 www.dnbpediatrics.com
- 25. • 12)a) Polycythaemia vera • B) secondary • C) CBC including differential WBC • To diagnose secondary polycythaemia--- • Arterial O2 saturation • Carboxyhaemoglobin • Renal USG • Abdominal/ Cranial CT • Special studies for polycythaemia vera • leucocyte alkaline phosphatase • B12/B12 binding capacity • Erythropoeitin level • RBC colony formation www.dnbpediatrics.com