The document defines family planning as practices voluntarily adopted by individuals or couples to promote health and welfare by attaining objectives like avoiding or planning pregnancies. The aims of family planning include healthy pregnancies and births. Contraceptive methods discussed include barrier methods, hormonal methods, IUDs, sterilization, and natural/fertility awareness methods. Natural methods require identifying physiological changes like basal body temperature, cervical mucus, or the safe period to determine the fertile window and avoid intercourse during that time. These methods have disadvantages like requiring abstinence and having high failure rates if not followed correctly.

8. Without identifying physiological changes Identifying physiological changes

23. Basal body temperature method(BBT) It depends upon the identification of the rise of the BBT at The time of the ovulation as a result of the increase in the production of the progesterone

31. In the early non-fertile phase of a woman’s cycle, the passageway from the vagina to the uterus is closed by thick mucus. Sperm are unable to pass through the cervix.

32. In the fertile phase, the passageway from the vagina to the uterus is open. A slippery-type mucus assists the movement of sperm through the cervix and nourishes the sperm. The cervix is completely open during the preparation stage of the fertile phase

33. After the fertile phase ends, the cervix is again closed off by a thick-mucus plug, blocking the cervical canal. Sperm are unable to pass through the cervix. This late infertile phase is followed by the menstrual phase . It takes three days for the cervix to close completely Once the oocyte is released, the cervix begins to close.