This document provides information on various contraceptive methods including barrier methods like condoms, diaphragms, and vaginal sponges. It describes how each method works, advantages and disadvantages, proper usage, and failure rates. Barrier methods prevent pregnancy by blocking sperm from entering the uterus. Condoms are the most commonly used barrier method and can be male or female condoms. Diaphragms are shallow cups that cover the cervix while sponges are small foam devices inserted into the vagina. Spermicides are chemical methods that can be used with barriers to kill sperm.

1. AJIL P ACHANKUNJU
Roll No. 7
2014 MBBS
GMC KOTTAYAM

2. CONTRACEPTIVE METHODS
Spacing methods
1. Barrier methods
2. Intra-uterine devices
3. Hormonal methods
4. Post-conceptional methods
5. Miscellaneous
 Terminal methods
1. Male sterilization
2. Female sterilization

3. Barrier methods
 Physical methods
1. Condom(male & female)
2.Diaphragm
3.Vaginal sponge
 Chemical methods
(a)foams (b) creams, jellies & pastes
(c) suppositories (d) soluble films
 Combined methods

4. Condoms( ) e.g. NIRODH
 No side effects
 Protects from STD
 Conventional contraceptive (action @ the time of
sexual intercourse)
 Used in conjugation with spermicidal jelly(combined)
 Highly effective but should be used correctly at every
coitus.
 Failure rates vary from 2-3/100 women to more than 14
per typical users.

5. Condom cntd..
Advantages Disadvantages
 Easily available
 Safe and inexpensive.
 Easy to use; no need of
medical supervision
 No side effects
 Light compact and disposable
 Protection from STD
 It may slip off or tear during
coitus due to incorrect use
 Interferes with sex sensation

6. Usage(condom)
 Fitted on the erect penis before coitus
 Air must be expelled from the teat end to make room
for the ejaculate
 The condom must be held carefully when withdrawing
from the vagina to avoid spilling seminal fluid into
vagina after intercourse

7. Male condom

8. Female condom
 Pouch made of polyurethane
 Lines the vagina
 Internal ring(at closed end) covers the cervix and
external ring remains outside the vagina.
 Is prelubricated with silicon
 Effective against STD
 High cost and poor acceptability are the major
problems
 Failure rate 5/100 women to 21/typical user

9. Female condom

10. Diaphragm(Dutch cap)
 Vaginal barrier
 Shallow cup made of synthetic rubber or plastic
material
 Diameter : 5 to 10cm
 has flexible ring made of spring or metal
 Held in position partially by spring tension partly by
vaginal muscle tone
 Diaphragm of proper size is important
 Failure rate vary b/w 6 to 12/100 women years

11. Diaphragm

12. Usage(diaphragm)
 Inserted before intercourse(conventional) & remain
there for not less than 6 hours after sexual intercourse
 Used along with spermicidal jelly(combined)
 Side effects are practically nill.
 Variants include cervical cap, vault cap & the vimule
cap

13. Diaphragm cntd.
Advantages Disadvantages
 No risks & medical
contraindications.
 Trained person needed for
demonstration.
 After delivery, used only after
involution of uterus.
 Lack of facilities for washing
and storing in privacy
precludes its use.
 Remote possibility of toxic
shock syndrome.

14. Vaginal sponge e.g. TODAY
 Device employed for hundreds of years as sponge
soaked with vinegar or olive oil
 TODAY is a small polyurethane foam sponge
measuring 5cm x 2.5cm, saturated with a spermicide,
nonoxynol-9.
 High failure rate 20-40/100 parous women & 9-20/100
nulliparous women.

15. Vaginal sponge(TODAY)

16. Chemical methods
 Spermicides are used widely before advent of IUDs &
OCPs
 includes; 1) foams: foam tablets, foam aerosols
2) creams, jellies & pastes – squeezed
formed tubes
3) suppositories- inserted manually
4) soluble films- C-film inserted manually
Modern spermicides are surface active agents which
attach themselves to spermatozoa and inhibit O2
uptake & kill sperms

17. Spermicides

18. Drawbacks of spermicides
 High failure rate
 Used immediately before coitus & repeated before
each sexual act.
 Must be introduced to the regions of the vagina where
sperms are likely to be deposited
 Cause mild burning and irritation
 Best used with other barrier methods than alone
 No spermicides which is safe to use is yet found.