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• Compression: Dressings, bandages, or ace-wraps should be
used to immobilize the sprain and provide support
– When wrapping the injury, more pressure should be applied at the far
end of the injury and decrease in the direction of the heart
– Compression should not cut off the circulation of the limb.[8]
• Elevation: Keeping the sprained joint elevated (in relation to
the rest of the body) will also help minimize swelling
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This document summarizes musculoskeletal injuries including strains, sprains, fractures, and dislocations. It defines strains as muscle or tendon injuries from overstretching and sprains as ligament injuries from overstretching. Signs of strains are localized stiffness, discoloration, and bruising, while signs of sprains are pain, swelling, bruising, decreased mobility, and sometimes a popping sound. Treatment for both involves RICE - rest, ice, compression, and elevation. The document also describes different types of fractures like closed versus open, stable versus unstable, and greenstick. First aid for fractures involves immobilization, preventing movement, and transport to the hospital.
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- 1. Musculoskeletal Injuries PresentedBy Sriloy Mohanty B.N.Y.S.
- 2. Musculoskeletal injuries includesstrains , sprains, fractures & dislocations. sriloy21@gmail.com
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- 4. Definition A strainis an injury to a muscle or tendon in which the muscle fibers tear as a result of overstretching A sprain is an injury in a joint, caused by the ligament being stretched beyond its own capacity sriloy21@gmail.com
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- 6. Signs and symptoms strain • localized stiffness, • discoloration • bruisingaround the strained muscle sprain • Pain • Swelling • Bruising • Decreased ability to move the limb • If the ligament is ruptured, one may hear a popping sound • Difficulty using the affected extremity sriloy21@gmail.com
- 7. Treatment • Rest:The sprain should be rested – No additional force should be applied on site of the sprain. • Ice: Ice should be applied immediately to the sprain to reduce swelling and pain – It can be applied for 10–15 minutes at a time (longer application of ice may cause damage instead of healing) – 3-4 times a day. – Ice can be combined with a wrapping to minimize swelling and provide support. sriloy21@gmail.com
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- 9. Cont… • Compression:Dressings, bandages, or ace-wraps should be used to immobilize the sprain and provide support – When wrapping the injury, more pressure should be applied at the far end of the injury and decrease in the direction of the heart – Compression should not cut off the circulation of the limb.[8] • Elevation: Keeping the sprained joint elevated (in relation to the rest of the body) will also help minimize swelling sriloy21@gmail.com
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- 12. Fracture is apartial or complete breakage or crack in a bone. Both direct & indirect force can cause fracture. fracture can be with / without displacement of bone fragments. sriloy21@gmail.com
- 13. Types: Stable fracture-broken bone ends do not move, either because they are incompletely broken or jammed together. Unstable fracture- broken bone ends can easily move out of position that increases the risk of damage to blood vessels, nerves & organs. sriloy21@gmail.com
- 14. • Open fracture:Skin breaks causing open wound. sriloy21@gmail.com
- 15. Closed fracture: Skinabove the fracture is intact. sriloy21@gmail.com
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- 17. Greenstick fracture: isan incomplete break in a bone, tend to occur in children, whose bones are more flexible sriloy21@gmail.com
- 18. • A hairlinefracture is the result of insufficient trauma (e.g. force or impact) to cause much movement between the fragments of bone. sriloy21@gmail.com
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- 22. Assessment: • Quicklyassess five P’s in musculoskeletal injuries : Pain- location, severity & quality of pain. Paresthesia- abnormal sensation or loss of sensation indicates neuromuscular involvement. paralysis- nerve damage. pallor – neurovascular compromise. Pulse- decreased or absent pulse indicates reduced blood supply to the area. sriloy21@gmail.com
- 23. Symptoms • Severepain • Difficulty in movement • Swelling/ bruising / bleeding • Deformity / abnormal twist of limb • Tenderness on applying pressure • Crepitus me be heard • Signs of shock sriloy21@gmail.com
- 24. First-aid Depends ontype & location of fracture sriloy21@gmail.com
- 25. For open fractures: • Control bleeding • Dress the wound • Immobilize. For closed fractures: • Calm the person • Bandage the injured part to an unaffected part of the body • Immobilize • Shift to hospital sriloy21@gmail.com
- 26. DO NOT •Massage the affected area • Straighten the broken bone • Move without support to broken bone • Move joints above / below the fracture • Give oral liquids / food sriloy21@gmail.com
- 27. Prevention • Wearprotective pads / helmets when driving • Teach children / practice, safe habits sriloy21@gmail.com
- 28. First aid Basedon location of fracture: Facial fracture: • If unconscious but breathing normally, place the patient on their side in a supported position & Call for an ambulance. • If conscious, allow the patient to rest in the position of greatest comfort, generally half-sitting or lying down with the head tilted to the injured side. Provide a clean pad or some tissues for the patient to mop up any blood, saliva or mucus. sriloy21@gmail.com
- 29. • If thejaw appears broken or dislocated, allow the patient to support the injured part with soft pad. • Gently apply a cold compress to reduce pain & swelling. Note: ask the casualty to split out any blood, broken teeth or dentures from his mouth. sriloy21@gmail.com
- 30. Fracture of thecollarbone: Carefully immobilize the arm with padding under the armpit and apply either an elevation sling or an arm sling depending on the patient’s preferred position of greatest comfort. sriloy21@gmail.com
- 31. • Gently placesoft padding between arm & body to make more comfortable. • Send the casualty to hospital in sitting position. sriloy21@gmail.com
- 32. Shoulder injury: Totreat shoulder injury follow RICE procedure: Rest ice pack Compression Elevation sriloy21@gmail.com
- 33. Upper arm, elbow& lower arm injury: position of greatest comfort- generally sitting in a chair or half sitting with support. Allow the patient to support the arm on the injured side on a pillow or folded clothing. Place a triangular bandage between the chest & the injured arm. sriloy21@gmail.com
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- 39. Spine fracture •Severe pain in the back • Loss of control over limbs • Loss of sensation of the limb below the injury sriloy21@gmail.com
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- 41. Treatment • Donot move • Put a rolled cloth along the side of the trunk to support the person • Wait for ambulance • Place pads between leg and tie a bandage in 8 shape • Always remember to take the patient in supine position sriloy21@gmail.com
- 42. Neck fracture •Use a cervical collar or make 1 with paper and triangular bandage • Maintain airway sriloy21@gmail.com
- 43. Facture of thelower limb • Pain with movement • Swelling • Tenderness • Not able to bend the leg • Signs of shock sriloy21@gmail.com
- 44. First aid •Use pads, sticks, bandages to immobilize • Elevate • Restrict movement • Supine position sriloy21@gmail.com
- 45. Dislocation • Dislocationoccurs in a joint when it is pushed beyond its normal range of motion. • A dislocation is where a bone has been displaced from its normal position at a joint. sriloy21@gmail.com
- 46. Signs and symptoms • Strong pain in the articulation at the time of the accident. • A limb is deformed in case of sprains. • Swelling which manifest itself quickly. • Pain increase while moving the articulation sriloy21@gmail.com
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