This document discusses nanorobotics and their potential medical applications. Nanorobots are microscopic devices measured on the nanometer scale that could work at the atomic, molecular, and cellular levels. They may be programmed to identify and quarantine harmful cells, deliver targeted drug treatments, monitor blood glucose levels, break up blood clots and kidney stones, treat cancer and arteriosclerosis. While nanorobots show promise for precision medicine and non-invasive procedures, challenges remain around their environmental and biological impacts if not properly designed.

1. NANOROBOTICS
A Concise Presentation
By
Mr. Deepak Sarangi M.Pharm.
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2. CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Working of nanorobotics
 Elements
 Swimming nanorobots
 Mechanism
 Approaches
 Applications
 Conclusion
 References
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3. INTRODUCTION
 The possibility of nanorobots was first proposed by Richard
Feyman in his talk “There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom”
in 1959.
 Robotics is the use of technology to design and
manufacture (intelligent) machines, built for specific
purposes, programmed to perform specific tasks.
 Generally nanotechnology deals with size ranging from 1 to
100 nanometer.
 Nanorobots are nanodevices that will be used for the
purpose of maintaining and protecting the human body
against pathogens. 3

4. NANOROBOTS : WHAT ARE THEY ?
 Nanorobots are theoretical microscopic devices measured on
the scale of nanometer (1nm equals one millionth of 1
millimeter).
 They would work at the atomic, molecular and cellular level
to perform in both the medical and industrial fields.
 These are very sensitive to the acoustic signal.
 These nanorobots can be programmed using the sound
waves to perform the specified tasks.
 These nanorobots identify the particular harmful cells and
try to quarantine it.
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5. ADVANTAGES
 Rapid elimination of disease.
 The microscopic size of nanomachines translates into
high operational speed.
 Faster and more precise diagnosis.
 Non-degradation of treatment agents.
 The major advantage of nanorobots is thought to be their
durability, in theory, they can remain operational for
years, decades or centuries. 5

6. DISADVANTAGES
 Possible food chain interruption.
 Lack of knowledge.
 Nano implements could adjust human DNA
structure.
 Environmental hazards.
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7. WORKING OF NANOROBOTICS
when an implantation of a tiny robot into our
blood stream. The robot detects the cause of the fever, travels
to the appropriate system and provides a dose of medication
directly to the infected area.
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OMEGA COLLEGE OF PHARMACY

8. ELEMENTS
 Carbon is be the principal element comprising the bulk of
a medical nanorobot, probably in the form of diamond or
diamondoid nanocomposites.
 Many other light elements such as hydrogen, sulfur,
oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, silicon, etc. will be used for
special purposes in nanoscale gears and other
components.
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9. SWIMMING NANOROBOTS:
 Swimming robots are micro or nano robots that
can swim when injected into the body via vascular
and digestive system by using blood sugar as fuel.
 They are used to perform medical task the main
aim of these robots is to avoid major surgery and
enhance diagnosis of disease.
 The capabilities of nanorobots include therapeutic
and diagnostic functions such as ultrasounding,
biopsy, laser and produce heat by retractable arm.
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10. MECHANISM
 The attached bacteria by rotating their flagella push the
microscope to forward by using different chemicals the
on/off motions of microrobots are controlled.
 These chemicals bind to the flagellar motor an restrict their
movement.
 Mainly used chemicals are EDTA and copper ions are used
to stop their motion and EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra
acetic acid) used to restart their motion1.
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11. The nanorobot attaching to blood cell
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12. The swimming robots contains robotic body,
poly styrene microspheres, which are also called
as micro beads.
The method used in the micro robot is bacteria
propulsion method, in which the bacteria was
propelled by rotating their flagella with high
speed then the bacteria adhere to the micro
beads.
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13. 1. Propulsion of the micro bead by bacteria:
The attachment takes place in 2 steps.
 Reversible:
In reversible attachment the bacteria adhere to the micro
bead with vanderwalls, acid-base interactions and
electostatic forces.
These are weaker bonds hence this attachment is reversible
 Irreversible:
Irreversibly attached to them by forming strong bonds.
2. Speed controlling technique 13

14. APPROACHES
Biochip
Nubots
Bacteria based
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15. APPLICATIONS
 Breaking up blood clots.
 Fighting cancer.
 Parasite removal.
 Breaking up kidney stones.
 These are used to treat arterosclerosis can treat
arterosclerosis by breaking the plaques in the arteries
releasing chemicals at the site of injury.
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17.  Targeted-delivery of pharmaceutical agents to specific
cellular and intracellular destinations within the human
body.
 Could be a very helpful and hopeful for the therapy
of patients, since current treatments like radiation
therapy and chemotherapy often end up destroying
more healthy cells than cancerous ones.
 It provides a non-depressed therapy for cancer patients.
Nanorobots in cancer detection and treatment
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18.  The nanorobot can be programmed to activate sensors
and measure regularly the BGLs early in the morning,
before the expected breakfast time.
 The nanorobot is programmed also to emit a signal on
specified lunch times, and to measure the glucose levels in
desired intervals of time.
Controlling glucose level using nanorobots
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19. Breaking up of kidney stones
 Kidney stones can be intensely painful.
 The larger the stone the more difficult it is to pass.
 Doctors break up large kidney stones using ultrasonic
frequencies, but it is not always effective.
 A nanorobot could break up a kidney stones using a small
laser.
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21. Arterosclerosis
 Arterosclerosis refers to a condition where plaque builds
along the walls of arteries.
 Nanorobots could conceivably treat the condition by cutting
away the plaque.
 Which would then enter the bloodstream.
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22. CONCLUSIONS
 From these type of inventions, it will be useful
for man to cure many diseases then lead a
fantastic life.
 We can use the technology for more accuracy in
any field.
 Nanorobots are going to revolutionize in medical
industries in future.
 But in these technologies there is possible
danger also.
 Thus it is needful to invent these kind of special
featured nanorobot in the safe kind which will be
in nonhazardous to the living kind.
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