This document discusses nanobots and their potential medical applications. It begins with definitions of nanotechnology and nanorobotics. It then describes several types of proposed nanobots, including microbivores to destroy bacteria, respirocytes to carry oxygen like red blood cells, and clottocytes resembling platelets. The document outlines how nanobots could be used in chemotherapy to precisely deliver drugs to cancer cells while avoiding healthy cells. It reviews mechanisms for nanobot movement and detection of cancer. Potential advantages include rapid treatment and diagnosis, while drawbacks include risks of replication getting out of control and high costs. The conclusion is that nanobots may significantly improve treatment and diagnosis of diseases by reducing side effects.
Nano-Robotics Seminar presentation on nanorobotics technology and best open in powerpoint 2013 and next version.
comments below for download link and if you want this slide then in comments section comment mail id and also message me for downloading links.
Nanorobotics,
Application of Nanorobotics,
Parts of Nanorobotics, challenges
cons of nanorobots
nanorobot drug delivery
nanorobotics in cancer
nanorobot in blood clot
nanorobotics in kidney stone
use of nanorobots in cell surgery
nanotechnology in gout
Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale.
The technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the microscopic scale of a nanometer (10−9 meters).
Nano-Robotics Seminar presentation on nanorobotics technology and best open in powerpoint 2013 and next version.
comments below for download link and if you want this slide then in comments section comment mail id and also message me for downloading links.
Nanorobotics,
Application of Nanorobotics,
Parts of Nanorobotics, challenges
cons of nanorobots
nanorobot drug delivery
nanorobotics in cancer
nanorobot in blood clot
nanorobotics in kidney stone
use of nanorobots in cell surgery
nanotechnology in gout
Nanotechnology is the engineering of functional systems at the molecular scale.
The technology of creating machines or robots at or close to the microscopic scale of a nanometer (10−9 meters).
Nanorobotics is a new field of science. Most of the projects are in research and development phase. The only proper applications have been made in the medicinal field.
A Review Paper on Latest Biomedical Applications using Nano-Technologyijsrd.com
At present, Nano technology has been improved in many ways but it had improved a lot in the case of Nano Medicine.It also plays a major role in engineering basis. The application of nano technology in medicine is called as Nano medicine. This paper explains the detail regarding Nano medicine. Nano technology has many molecular properties and applications of biological nano structure. These have physical, chemical and biological properties. These are mainly used to diagonize diseases from our body. Nano technology has special application in Nano medicine using Nano robot. This paper relates the use of Nano robots in surgeries. thes Nano robots are not oly safebut also faster. The size of these nano robot is 1-100nm.These use to cure many problems.
Assuming the nanorobot is ’ nt tethered or designed to float passively through the bloodstream , it will need a means of propulsion to get around the body.
Because it may have to travel against the flow of blood , the propulsion system has to be relatively strong for its size.
Another important consideration is the safety of the patient , the system must be able to move the nanorobot around without causing damaging to the host.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
A brief information about the SCOP protein database used in bioinformatics.
The Structural Classification of Proteins (SCOP) database is a comprehensive and authoritative resource for the structural and evolutionary relationships of proteins. It provides a detailed and curated classification of protein structures, grouping them into families, superfamilies, and folds based on their structural and sequence similarities.
Slide 1: Title Slide
Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Slide 2: Introduction to Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Definition: Extrachromosomal inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic material that is not found within the nucleus.
Key Components: Involves genes located in mitochondria, chloroplasts, and plasmids.
Slide 3: Mitochondrial Inheritance
Mitochondria: Organelles responsible for energy production.
Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in mitochondria.
Inheritance Pattern: Maternally inherited, meaning it is passed from mothers to all their offspring.
Diseases: Examples include Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) and mitochondrial myopathy.
Slide 4: Chloroplast Inheritance
Chloroplasts: Organelles responsible for photosynthesis in plants.
Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA): Circular DNA molecule found in chloroplasts.
Inheritance Pattern: Often maternally inherited in most plants, but can vary in some species.
Examples: Variegation in plants, where leaf color patterns are determined by chloroplast DNA.
Slide 5: Plasmid Inheritance
Plasmids: Small, circular DNA molecules found in bacteria and some eukaryotes.
Features: Can carry antibiotic resistance genes and can be transferred between cells through processes like conjugation.
Significance: Important in biotechnology for gene cloning and genetic engineering.
Slide 6: Mechanisms of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Non-Mendelian Patterns: Do not follow Mendel’s laws of inheritance.
Cytoplasmic Segregation: During cell division, organelles like mitochondria and chloroplasts are randomly distributed to daughter cells.
Heteroplasmy: Presence of more than one type of organellar genome within a cell, leading to variation in expression.
Slide 7: Examples of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Four O’clock Plant (Mirabilis jalapa): Shows variegated leaves due to different cpDNA in leaf cells.
Petite Mutants in Yeast: Result from mutations in mitochondrial DNA affecting respiration.
Slide 8: Importance of Extrachromosomal Inheritance
Evolution: Provides insight into the evolution of eukaryotic cells.
Medicine: Understanding mitochondrial inheritance helps in diagnosing and treating mitochondrial diseases.
Agriculture: Chloroplast inheritance can be used in plant breeding and genetic modification.
Slide 9: Recent Research and Advances
Gene Editing: Techniques like CRISPR-Cas9 are being used to edit mitochondrial and chloroplast DNA.
Therapies: Development of mitochondrial replacement therapy (MRT) for preventing mitochondrial diseases.
Slide 10: Conclusion
Summary: Extrachromosomal inheritance involves the transmission of genetic material outside the nucleus and plays a crucial role in genetics, medicine, and biotechnology.
Future Directions: Continued research and technological advancements hold promise for new treatments and applications.
Slide 11: Questions and Discussion
Invite Audience: Open the floor for any questions or further discussion on the topic.
Multi-source connectivity as the driver of solar wind variability in the heli...Sérgio Sacani
The ambient solar wind that flls the heliosphere originates from multiple
sources in the solar corona and is highly structured. It is often described
as high-speed, relatively homogeneous, plasma streams from coronal
holes and slow-speed, highly variable, streams whose source regions are
under debate. A key goal of ESA/NASA’s Solar Orbiter mission is to identify
solar wind sources and understand what drives the complexity seen in the
heliosphere. By combining magnetic feld modelling and spectroscopic
techniques with high-resolution observations and measurements, we show
that the solar wind variability detected in situ by Solar Orbiter in March
2022 is driven by spatio-temporal changes in the magnetic connectivity to
multiple sources in the solar atmosphere. The magnetic feld footpoints
connected to the spacecraft moved from the boundaries of a coronal hole
to one active region (12961) and then across to another region (12957). This
is refected in the in situ measurements, which show the transition from fast
to highly Alfvénic then to slow solar wind that is disrupted by the arrival of
a coronal mass ejection. Our results describe solar wind variability at 0.5 au
but are applicable to near-Earth observatories.
Richard's aventures in two entangled wonderlandsRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
4. DEFINITION
Nanorobotics is an emerging technology field creating machines
or robots which components are at or near the scale of
a nanometre (10−9 meters).
Nanotechnology is the science and
application of creating objects on a level
smaller than 100
5. INTRODUTION
According to Richard Feynman, it was
his former graduate student and
collaborator Albert Hibbs who
originally suggested to him the idea
of a medical use for Feynman's
theoretical micromachines
Hibbs suggested that certain repair
machines might one day be reduced
in size to the point that it would, in
theory, be possible to "swallow the
surgeon".
7. Microbivore nanorobots
These nanorobots would function similarly to
the white blood cells in our bodies, but they
are designed to be much faster at destroying
bacteria.
Microbivore(phagocytes) nanorobots are
designed so that antibodies attach to the
particular bacteria the robot is seeking.
After bacteria attaches to an antibody, an arm
grabs the bacteria and moves it to the inside of
the nanorobot, where it’s destroyed.
Bacteria is then discharged into the
bloodstream as harmless fragments.
8. Respirocyte nanorobots
These nanorobots would function in a similar way
to the red blood cells in our bodies; however,
they are designed to carry much more oxygen
than natural red blood cells.
These respirocyte nanorobots would contain a
tank in which oxygen is held at a high pressure,
sensors to determine the concentration of
oxygen in the bloodstream, and a valve that
releases oxygen when sensors determine that
additional oxygen is needed.
9. Clottocyte nanorobots
Platelets stick together in a wound to form
a clot, stopping blood flow.
These robots function similarly to the
platelets in our blood.
A system of clottocyte nanorobots would
store fibers until they encounter a wound.
At that point, the nanorobots would
disperse their fibers, which would then
come together to create a clot in a fraction
of the time that platelets do.
10. Cellular repair nanorobots
These little guys could be built to
perform surgical procedures more
precisely. By working at the
cellular level, such nanorobots
could prevent much of the
damage caused by the
comparatively clumsy scalpel.
15. Chemotherapy kills cancer, but it also attacks healthy cells.
This unfortunate phenomenon makes us sick and can cause permanent
damage to our bodies.
Delivering medicine directly where it's needed not only minimizes side effects
but also makes the drugs more effective.
That's why researchers are designing tiny robots to precisely carry drugs to
cancerous cells while leaving nearby healthy cells alone.
16. Imagine armies of millions of miniature robots traveling through blood streams to
sneak up on cancerous cells.
Despite admirable efforts by scientists, many technological challenges still need to
be overcome.
To deliver drugs to cancerous cells, nanobots must: be small enough to penetrate a
tumor through blood vessels, be able to propel themselves and navigate while
avoiding obstacles, have a mechanism for detecting oxygen levels (which indicate
active cancer cells), be biocompatible, able to carry drugs, and have on onboard
power source.
17.
18. MECHANISM OF NANOBOTS
surgical nanobots could be introduced into the body through the vascular
system.
after injection,each nanobot would travel to its target cell,enter the nucleus and
replace the chromosomes,then exit the cell and leave the body.
inherited defective genes could be replaced with non-defectivebase pair.
The function of the nanobots came from the the structure of e.coli bacteria
,which use flagella kind of filaments for the movement
Flagella kind of particales are take and suspended in a magnetic field to swim
It is manufactured in ultra clean rooms with not a single bacteria
Can be moved to any loaction when it sits, at the asite it releases the drug in a
particular location
19.
20.
21. ADVANTAGES
Can be used in the treatment of cancer.
Rapid elimination of disease
Cost of surgery is low
No operation failure
Faster and more precious diagnosis
It might also produce copies of themselves to replace
worn out
Speed up medical treatments
22. DRAWBACKS
Replication may be out of control.
Complicated maintenance.
Very costly for installation.
Nanobots should be programmed accurate otherwise may
result in harmful effects.
23. CONCLUSION
The nanobots are used in medicines are predicted to provide a wealth.when the
severe side effects of the existing therapies are considered, the nanobots are
found to be more innovative,supportive to the treatment and diadnosis of vital
disease