Explained about nanomedicine, its emerging technology, mechanism, advantages, disadvantages, and applications.

2. o The possibility of nano robots was first proposed by Richard Feyman
in his talk “ There’s Plenty of Room at the Bottom” in 1959.
o Adriano cavalcanti, medical nanorobotics inventor for the practical
hardware architecture of nanorobots which was integrated as a
model on nanobioelectronics for applications in environmental
monitoring,brain aneurysm, diabetes, cancer and cardiology.
o Nano robotics is the technology of creating machines or robots at or
close to the microscopic scale of a nanometer.
o Nano robots would typically be devices ranging in size from 0.1-10
micrometers.
o Nano robots are nano devices that will be used for the purpose of
maintaining and protecting the human body against pathogens.

3.  Nano robots are theoretical microscopic devices measured
on the scale of nanometer (1nm equals one millionth of 1
millimeter).
 They would work at the atomic, molecular and cellular
level to perform in both the medical and industrial fields.
 These are very sensitive to the acoustic signal.
 These nano robots can be programmed using the sound
waves to perform the specified tasks.
 These nano robots identify the particular harmful cells and
try to quantiate it.

4.  When a patient is injected with an anticancer drug,
the idea is that the molecules will seek out and
destroy rogue tumour cells. However, relatively
large amounts need to be administered to reach the
target in high enough concentrations to be effective.
As a result of this high drug concentration, healthy
cells may be killed along with cancer cells, leaving
many patient’s weak, nauseated and vulnerable to
infection.
 Hence the researchers are attempting to improve
the safety and efficacy of drugs is to use a relatively
new area of research “ THE NANOROBOTICS” to
target drug delivery just to the cells that need it.

5. Although this 2-cm nano robot is an impressive achievement,
future robots will be hundred times of smaller.

6.  Carbon is the principal element comprising the
bulk of a medical nanorobot, probably in the
form of diamond or diamondoid nano
composites.
 Many other light elements such as hydrogen,
sulfur, oxygen, nitrogen, fluorine, silicon etc.
will be used for special purposes in nanoscale
gears and other components.

7. The powering of nano robots can be done by metabolizing local glucose and
oxygen for energy. In a clinical environment, another option would be externally
applied.

8.  When a tiny robot is implanted into our blood
stream, the robot detects the cause of a disease,
travels to appropriate system and provides a dose
of medication directly to the infected area.
 They can be injected in the same way as a normal
drug, and are carried through the blood stream to
the target organ, tissue or cell. At this point, a
change in the local environment, such as Ph, or the
use of light or ultrasound, causes the nano particles
to release their cargo.
 After they target and kill the pathogens they get
retrieved from the body through normal excretory
channels.

9. The robot in this illustration swims through the arteries and veins
using a pair of tail appendages

10.  Swimming robots are micro or nano robots that can swim when
injected into the body via vascular and digestive system by using
blood sugar as fuel.
 They are used to perform medical task, the main aim of these
robots is to avoid major surgery and enhance diagnosis of disease.
 The capabilities of nano robots include therapeutic and diagnostic
functions such as ultra sounding , biopsy, laser and produce heat by
retractable arm.
 The nano robots such as respirocytes, microbivores and clottocytes
are been intend designed to act as artificial substitutes of blood.

11.  The swimming robots contains robotic body, poly
styrene microspheres, which are also called as
micro beads.
 The method used in the micro robot is bacteria
propulsion method, in which bacteria was
propelled by rotating their flagella with high
speed then the bacteria adhere to the in-vitro
beads.

12.  Respirocytes: The respirocytes are intend
designed to mimic all the important functions of
RBC and also used in treatment of anemia,
heart attack, lung diseases etc.
 Clottocytes: The clottocyte mimics the natural
process of haemostasis.
 Microbivores: The microbivores follow the
process of phagocytosis to destroy the blood
borne pathogens

13.  The attached bacteria by rotating their flagella
push the microscope to forward by using
different chemicals, the on/off motions of micro
robots are controlled.
 These chemicals bind to the flagellar motor and
restrict their movement.
 Mainly used chemicals are EDTA and copper
ions are used to stop their motion and EDTA (
ethylene diamine tetra acetic acid ) used to
restart their motion.

15.  Rapid elimination of disease.
 The microscopic size of nano machines translates
into high operational speed.
 Faster and more precise diagnosis.
 Non-degradation of treatment agents.
 The major advantage of nano robots is thought to
be their durability obviously they can remain
optional for years, decades or centuries.

16.  Possible food chain interruption.
 Lack of knowledge.
 Nano implements could adjust human DNA
structure.
 Environmental hazards.

17.  Breaking up blood clots.
 Fighting cancer.
 Parasite removal.
 Breaking up kidney stones.
 These are used to treat arteriosclerosis by breaking
the plaques in the arteries releasing chemicals at the
site of injury.
 Fibre optics technology.
 Laser technology.
 Telemedicine.
 Sound waves.
 Nuclear radiation.

19.  Arteriosclerosis refers to a condition where
plaque builds along the walls of arteries.
 Nano robots could conceivably treat the
condition by cutting away the plaque.
 Which would then enter the blood stream.

20.  Targeted- delivery of pharmaceutical agents to
specific cellular and intracellular destinations
within the human body could be a very helpful
and hopeful for the therapy of the patients,
since current treatments like radiation therapy
and chemotherapy often end up destroying
more healthy cells than cancerous ones.
 It provides a non-depressed therapy for cancer
patients.

21.  The nanorobot can be programmed to activate
sensors and measure regularly the BGLs early
in the morning, before the expected breakfast
time.
 The nanorobot is programmed also to emit a
signal on specified lunch times, and to measure
the glucose levels in desired intervals of time.

22.  Kidney stones can be intensely painful.
 The larger the stone the more difficult is to pass.
 Doctor’s breakup large kidney stones using
ultrasonic frequencies, but it is not always effective.
 A nanorobot could breakup a kidney using a small
laser.

24.  Nanobots are currently disrupting the medical sector with
developments in cancer and drug delivery.
 From these type of inventions, it will be very useful for
humans to cure many diseases which eventually leads to a
fantastic life.
 Nano robots are going to revolutionize in medical industries in
future (Probably between 2021-2029).
 But in these technologies there is possible danger also (lets see
the bright side, what say?)
 Thus it is needful to invent these kind of special featured
nanorobot’s in the safe kind which will be nonhazardous to
the living kind.

26.  https://www.azonano.com/Details.asp?ArticleID
=2035
 www.nanorobotswikipedia.com
 www.slidesharenet.com
 https://cs.wmich.edu
 https://web.stanford.edu
 https://physorgNanotechnologyBio&medicine
 www.cam.ac.uk/research
 www.authorstream.com
 https://www.omicsonline.org-open-access
 www.albany.edu2maviroids