The document provides an overview of nanoparticles and nanomaterials, defining them and discussing their unique properties and advantages at the nanoscale. It explores different approaches for their synthesis, including top-down and bottom-up methods, and highlights various applications such as electronics and drug delivery. The conclusion emphasizes the significance of nanomaterials in future research and technology.

1. Submitted by: Preeti choudhary
chaudharypreeti1997@gmail.com
Roll No.: 21700304

2. Content
 What is a Nanoparticle?
 Nanomaterial Dimension
 Why small is good?
 Surface area to volume ratio
 Top down & Bottom up Approach
 Applications
 Conclusion

3. Talk given to the American Physical Society, 1959
There’s plenty of Room at the Bottom

4. Introduction to Nanoscience?
• Nano– Derived from a Greek word “Nanos” meaning
Dwarf or small.
• A nanometer is one billionth of a meter (10ˉ⁹ m).
• Nanometer scale range from approximately 100 nm to
1nm.
• Nanoscience: It is the study of phenomena and
manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and
macromolecular scales, where properties differ
significantly from those at a larger scale.
•
Ref: Introduction to Nanoscience : S. M. Lindsay, Oxford, 2010.

5. Ref: Written by lusia filipponi and duncan sutherland interdisplinary nanoscience centre (iNANO) Aarhus university, denmark
september 2010
• Nanomaterial: It could be defined as those
materials which have structured components
with size less than 100nm at least in one
dimension.
• Nanotechnology: It can be define as the
design, characterisation, production and
application of structures, devices and systems
by controlling shape and size at the
nanometer scale.

6. Fig 1: From macro-materials to atoms. Nanomaterials and nanodevices that
are of interest in nanotechnologies are in the lower end of the scale(1-
100nm)
nanoscale
• Ref: lusia filipponi and duncan sutherland interdisplinary nanoscience centre (iNANO) Aarhus university, denmark september
2010

7. Ref:Written by lusia filipponi and duncan sutherland interdisplinary nanoscience centre (iNANO) Aarhus university,
denmark september 2010
Fig 2: Comparison between human fingernail & men’s beard growth.

8. Fig 3: Density of states g(E) VS Energy (E) for four quantum structures.
Ref: Source: Introduction to Nanoscience : S. M. Lindsay, Oxford, 2010
. Quantum Mechanics for Nanostructures : Vladimir V. Mitin, Dimitry I. Sementsov & Nizami Z. Vagidov, Cambridge, 2010.

9. Why small is good?
• Faster
• Lighter
• Can get into small spaces
• Cheaper
• More energy efficient
• Different properties at very small scale

10. Properties of a Material
• A property describes how a material acts under certain
conditions.
• Types of properties:
 Optical (e.g. color).
 Electrical (e.g. conductivity).
 Physical (e.g. melting point).
 Chemical (e.g. reaction rate).
 Structural (e.g. Surface morphology)
Ref: Written by lusia filipponi and duncan sutherland interdisplinary nanoscience centre (iNANO) Aarhus university, denmark
september 2010

11. Surface to Volume Ratio Increases
Ref: http://www.uwgb.edu/dutchs/GRAPHIC0/GEOMORPH/SurfaceVol0.gif
S. Shibata, K. Aoki, T. Yano and M. Yamane, Journal of solgel science and Technology, 11, 279, (1998).
• As surface to volume ratio
increases
• A greater amount of a
substance comes in
contact with surrounding
material.
• This results in better
catalysts, since a greater
proportion of the
material is exposed for
potential reaction.

12. • There are basically two routes: a top-down approach and a bottom-up
approach.
• Top-down approach: Building something by starting with a larger component
and carving away material (like a sculpture). In Nanotechnology: Patterning
(using photolithography) and etching away material, as in building integrated
circuits.
• Bottom-up approach: Building something by assembling smaller components
(like building a car engine), atom by atom assembly. In nanotechnology: self-
assembly of atoms and molecules, as in chemical and biological systems.

13. Synthesis Methods
Chemical method
• Sol-Gel Method
• Condensation method
• Sol Method
• Hydrothermal Method
• Solvothermal Method
Physical method:
• Ball milling
• Thermal decomposition
• Plasma arcing
• Evaporative deposition
• Electron beam physical vapour
deposition
• Sputter deposition
• Cathodic arc deposition
• Pulsed laser deposition

14. Application of Nanomaterials

15. Future Applications
Electronics
Coatings
Fuel Cells
Water filters
Composites
Drugs
Cancer Detection & Treatment

16. • Nanomaterial having enhanced properties as
compared to bulk material.
• Nanomaterial is cost effective and can easily be
implemented in the lab.
• Nanomaterial implemented by several approach
using chemical and physical method.
• The study revealed that the nanoparticle plays an
important role in future research and its
enhanced application gives us new vision to the
see world.
Conclusion

17. Thank-you

Have a nice day!!