Here in this slide the Introduction of Nanoscience, Nanomaterials, Nanotechnology is described. This slide is useful for MSc ,BSc, BTech , MTech (Nanotechnology), students.

1. Introduction to Nanoscience and Nanotechnology
Presented by
Shubham Tripathi
M. Tech.(Nanoscience and Nanotechnology)
Semester- 1st
Roll No. 23328000006
CSJM University, Kanpur
(ACCREDITED WITH A++ GRAD BY NAAC)

2. Introduction
• Nanomaterials are the particles (Crystalline or Amorphous) of organic
or inorganic materials having sizes in the range of 1-100nm.
• Nano came from the Greek word “Dwarf” means ‘billionth’. A
nanometer (nm) is a billionth of a meter.
• The concept of Nanotechnology was first discussed in 1959 by
Rechard Feynman in his talk “there’s plenty of room at bottom”.
• In 1974 Norio Taniguchi used the term Nanotechnology for the first
time.

3. What is Nano?
• Nano –a prefix that means very very small!
•A nanometer is one billionth of a meter.
• Nanoscale is actually Nanometer scale.
• Nano = 10-9 m
• Nanometer scale range from approximately 100
nm to 1nm.

4. How big is Nanometer?

5. What is Nanoscience, Nanotechnology, and Nanomaterial
• Nanoscience: It is the study of phenomena and
manipulation of materials at atomic, molecular and
macromolecular scales, where properties differ
significantly from those at a larger scale.
•Nanotechnology: It can be define as the design,
characterization, production and application of
structures, devices and systems by controlling shape
and size at nanometer scale.
•Nanomaterial: It could be defined as those materials
which have structured components with size less
than 100nm at least in one dimension.

6. Nanoscale

8. Three generic Nanostructures

9. ▣ Figure: Left, schematic evolution of the electron structure between macroscopic solids and
nanocrystals of decreasing size (the filling of electron levels and energy bands are not indicated).
HOMO and LUMO represent respectively the topmost occupied level and the bottommost empty
level.
▣Right, Theoretical calculation of the gap calculated from the equation for the nanocrystals of different
semiconductors ZnO, ZnSe, CdS, CdSe and GaAs.

10. • Representation of nanostructure (Energy Vs density)3D, 2D, 1D and
0D

11. Properties of a Material
• A property describes how a material acts under certain conditions.
• Types of Properties
• Optical (e.g. Colour)
• Electrical (e.g. Conductivity)
• Physical (e.g. Melting point)
• Chemical (e.g. Reaction rate)
• Properties are usually measured by looking at large
(1023) agregations of atoms or molecules.

12. Quantum Effects
• Classical mechanical models that we use to understand matter at the
macro scale break down for…
• The very small (Nanoscale) systems.
• Quantum mechanics better describes phenomena that classical
physics cannot, like…
• The colors of Nano gold
• The probability (instead of certainty) of where an electron will be
found.
• Below a certain length scale (that depends on interaction strengths)
systems must be described using quantum mechanics

13. Surface to Volume ratio increases
▣ As surface to volume ratio
increases
• A greater amount of a substance
comes in contact with surrounding
material.
• This results in better catalysts,
since a greater proportion of the
material is exposed for potential
reaction.

14. What are the possible approaches to making
nanomaterials and nanotechnologies?
▣ There are basically two routes: a top-down approach and a bottom-up
approach.
▣ The idea behind the top-down approach is the following: An operator first
designs and controls a macro scale machine shop to produce an exact copy
of itself, but smaller in size. Subsequently, produce an exact copy of itself,
but smaller in size. Subsequently, this downscaled machine shop will make
a replica of itself, but also a few times smaller in size.
▣ The concept of the bottom-up approach is that one starts with atoms or
molecules, which build up to form larger structures. In this context, there
are three important enabling bottom-up technologies, namely (1)
supramolecular and molecular chemistry, (2) scanning probes, and (3)
biotechnology

15. Top – down and Bottom – up approach

16. Future Applications
• Tissue Engineering
• Drug Delivery
• Cancer Therapy
• Textiles
• Nanocosmetics
• Nanomaterials for Energy
• Nanocomputers
• MRI with magnetic nanoparticles
• Nanoporous solids and nanocatalysis

17. Advantages
•With Nanotechnology we can create unique
materials and products which are stronger, lighter,
cheaper, durable and precise.
•Industrial computers which made with
nanomaterials can become a billion time faster and
millions time smaller.
•Automatic pollution cleanup.
•Menufacturing at very low cost or no cost.

18. Advantages
•In medical field – End of illness (i.e. Cancer,
Heart Deseases)
•Universal immunity – such desease like AIDS, Flu
•Body Sclupturing – Changing of our appearance
•Less pollution
•Mass production in food and consumables

19. Disadvantages
• Health and safety issues: Nano particals can cause serious illness or
damage to human body. Carbon nanotubes could cause infection of
lungs.
• Mass production in food and consumables. Oil and Diamonds could
become worthless.
• Loss of jobs in menufacturing and farming etc.
• Atomic weapons could be more accessible and destructive.
• Create social strife through increasing wealth gap.
• Nano pollution is created by toxic waste.

20. References
• An Introduction to nanoscience and technology by C.N.R. Rao
• Introduction to Nanoscience : S. M. Lindsay, Oxford, 2010.
• http://www.materialsworld.net/nclt/docs/Introduction%20to%20Nan
o%201-18-05.pdf
• lusia filipponi and duncan sutherland interdisplinary nanoscience
centre (iNANO) Aarhus university, denmark september 2010
• Google wikipedia

21. Thank You