The document discusses hydrothermal and solvothermal synthesis methods for producing materials like zeolites and nanostructures. It outlines the advantages of hydrothermal synthesis, including its simplicity and low cost, while also noting disadvantages such as phase composition heterogeneity. Solvents other than water can enhance reaction conditions, with solvothermal synthesis being typically conducted in an autoclave.

1. Submitted by
P.Jeyakiruba
PhD (RA2033003011003)
SRMIST
Kattankulathur,Chennai

2.  The reactants are dissolved (or placed)in
water or another solvent in closed vessel.
 Convensitional (or)microwave oven
 Commercially tons of zeolites daily.
 Hydrothermal synthesis can be defined as a
method of synthesis of single crystals that
depends on the solubility of minerals in hot
water under high pressure.

4. Advantages
 1).Simple procedure
 2).low cost
 3)suitable for mass production of Hap powder
 4)the method of choice for commercial production.
Disadvantages
 1)Heterogenity in phase composition owing to the
small diffusion of ions during the reaction.
 2)Unattractive both scientifically &technologically.

6.  Precursors are dissolved in hot solvents.(Eg
n-butyl alcohol.)
 Solvent other than water can provide milder
& friendlier reaction conditions.
 If the solvent is water then the process is
referred to as hydrothermal method.
 Solvothermal synthesis has been used in
laboratory to make nanostructure
TiO2,Graphene,carbon nanotubes& other
material.

8. Solvothermal synthesis is usually
performed in a reaction vessel called an
autoclave