The document summarizes the development of modern atomic models from Rutherford's model to the current quantum mechanical model. It describes Bohr's planetary model which explained emission spectra by quantizing electron energy levels. Later, quantum mechanics with Schrodinger and Heisenberg refined Bohr's model using wave and cloud descriptions of electrons in distinct orbitals. The rules of quantum mechanics such as Aufbau principle and Hund's rule are explained. Finally, it shows how the location of s, p, d and f orbitals relate to the periodic table and electron configurations.
Introduction to the structure of atoms from the view of a chemist - what are neutrons protons and electrons and how are they organized ? How are electrons organized - in 3 quantum numbers. Experimental evidence from the Bohr model.
Introduction to the structure of atoms from the view of a chemist - what are neutrons protons and electrons and how are they organized ? How are electrons organized - in 3 quantum numbers. Experimental evidence from the Bohr model.
Hello! I've created this PowerPoint presentation as a requisite in General Chemistry 1 subject during SY 2019–2020.
Electronic Structure of Atoms
- Quantum Mechanical Description of Atom
- Schrödinger’s Model of Hydrogen Atom and Wave Functions
- Main Energy Levels, Sublevels, and Orbitals
- Quantum Numbers
- Electron Configuration
Should you need a .pptx file, kindly email me at rd.chrxlr@gmail.com.
objective
theory of atom
dalton`theory
Thomson, s model of atom
atomic number and mass number
isotopes, molecules formula, empirical formula
ions, formula of ionic compound, polyatomic ions, chemical nomenclature
Hello! I've created this PowerPoint presentation as a requisite in General Chemistry 1 subject during SY 2019–2020.
Electronic Structure of Atoms
- Quantum Mechanical Description of Atom
- Schrödinger’s Model of Hydrogen Atom and Wave Functions
- Main Energy Levels, Sublevels, and Orbitals
- Quantum Numbers
- Electron Configuration
Should you need a .pptx file, kindly email me at rd.chrxlr@gmail.com.
objective
theory of atom
dalton`theory
Thomson, s model of atom
atomic number and mass number
isotopes, molecules formula, empirical formula
ions, formula of ionic compound, polyatomic ions, chemical nomenclature
This is a powerpoint presentation that discusses about the topic or lesson: Dalton's Atomic Model. It also includes the history of John Dalton, characteristics and concepts of Dalton's Atomic Model.
Nuclear energy & its Pros and cons and disasters.Sunesh Malik
A detailed presentation on Nuclear reactions - fission & fusion and how they are used to form energy. Pros and cons of Nuclear energy and perminent examples.
BOHRS MODEL AND ITS LIMITATIONS,Concept of shells and subshells, dual nature of matter and light, de broglie's relationship, heisenberg uncertainty principle, concept of orbitals, rules for filling electrons in orbitals-Aufbau principle.
Pauli's exclusion principle and hunds rule, electronic configuration of atoms, stability of half filled and completely filled orbitals.
module 1 electronic structure of matter.pptxMaryroseBudhi1
Module 1: Electronic Structure of Matter
Objectives: Know atom and its sub - particles
determine the characteristics colors that metal salts emit
what is atom?
atom is the basic unit of chemical element
it composes three subatomic particle
proton with a positively electric charge
electron with a negatively electric charge
neutron no electric charge
What minerals produce the color in fireworks?
Mineral elements provide color in fireworks. Barium produces bright greens; strontium yields deep reds;' copper produces blues/ and sodium yields yellow. other colors can be made by mixing elements; strontium and sodium produce brilliant orange; titanium, zirconium, and magnesium alloys make silvery white; copper and strontium make lavender. gold sparks are produced by iron fillings and small pieces of charcoal. bright flashes and loud bangs come from aluminum powder.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Adversarial Attention Modeling for Multi-dimensional Emotion Regression.pdf
Modern Model of the Atom
1. Modern Model of The Atom
• Rutherford’s Model: Pro’s and
Con’s
• Improved on (Thomson’s)
Plum Pudding Model
• Protons inside, Electrons
outside
• Couldn’t explain how
electrons stayed outside
2. Niels Bohr and The Planetary Model of
The Atom
• Inspired by Niels
Bohr
the work of
Bunsen and
Kirchoff
• Emission
spectra of
Spectrometer
elements Bunsen and Kirchoff
3. Bohr: Electrons are ‘quantized’
• Emission spectra
Emission Spectra
• Electrons in of a Few
Elements
Energy Levels
• Electrons
• Ground State Ground State
vs. Excited and Excited State
State
4. Bohr Model=Planetary Model
• Bohr’s Model Pro’s and
Con’s
• Explained small atoms
well
• Failed to explain where
electrons were in larger
atoms Nitrogen Atom
5. Quantum Mechanic Model of The Atom
• Erwin Schrodinger and
Werner Heisenberg Schrodinger
• 1925-30
• Refined Bohr’s Model
• Wave or Cloud Model of
Electrons
• Electrons in orbitals of
Heisenberg
differing energy
6. Quantum Mechanic Rules
• Energy level (n=energy level)
• Type of orbital (s,p,d,f) s-orbital
• Shape of orbital p-orbital
• sphere, dumbbell, rosette, d-orbital
complex
f-orbital
• Number of Electrons in orbital
Shapes
• s=2; p=6; d=10; f=14 of Orbitals
7. Quantum Mechanic Rules Continued...
• Aufbau Principle
• electrons occupy orbitals of lower energy first
• (s<p<d<f)
• Hund’s Rule
• electrons occupy adjacent orbitals before pairing
• Pauli Exclusion Principle
• electrons occupying the same orbital must have
opposite spin
8. The Periodic Table:
Where Are The S, P, D, and F Orbitals?
s-orbitals d-orbitals p-orbitals
f-orbitals
9. Orbital Diagrams and
Electron Configurations
• orbital diagrams
show us where
bonding occurs
• We’ll do elements
1-10
• You will do
elements 11-18,
tonight
Aufbau Diagram
