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Chapter 07 impulse and momentum
1) Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. Impulse is the change in momentum caused by a force acting over a time interval.
2) Conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant. During collisions or explosions, the total initial momentum equals the total final momentum.
3) Impulse and momentum are directly related through the equation: Impulse = Change in Momentum. A force acting over a time interval will change an object's momentum by an amount equal to the impulse.
Periodicity
The document discusses the early development of the periodic table by Dmitri Mendeleev in the 1860s. Mendeleev organized the known elements by writing their names and properties on cards and experimenting with different arrangements, noticing that elements eight positions to the left or right had similar properties. This led to Mendeleev developing one of the first recognizable periodic tables, which grouped elements into columns with consistent properties.
The Making of The Carbon Account
This document discusses the design and development of a carbon accounting system called "the carbon account". It summarizes the team involved, technologies used including Django and PostgreSQL, and discusses design decisions around the backend, interface, testing, and deployment. It also outlines some mistakes made and potential future directions for the system.
Lesson 3 Atoms and Isotopes | The Harnessed Atom (2016)
- Atoms are the smallest units of matter and are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around the nucleus.
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. The number of protons defines the element.
- The strong nuclear force holds atom nuclei together, and it is the strongest known force in nature. Some isotopes are unstable and can release energy through radioactive decay.
RDAP 15 How data management issues manifest: using concept mapping to discove...
Research Data Access and Preservation Summit, 2015
Minneapolis, MN
April 22-23, 2015
Tina Griffin
Chemical bonding
This document discusses chemical bonding and molecular shapes. It explains that valence electrons are responsible for chemical bonding and can be represented using Lewis dot structures. Atoms can form ionic bonds through the transfer of electrons to become ions. Covalent bonds form through the sharing of electrons between atoms. The number of bonds and valence electron pairs determines the three-dimensional shape of covalent molecules.
4.06 presentation
Oxygen is the 8th element on the periodic table, with an atomic number of 8 and atomic mass of 15.9994. It is commonly found in the atmosphere, oceans, and sun. Oxygen does not burn itself but supports combustion in other substances, making it useful in hospitals to destroy bacteria. Oxygen was discovered in 1774 by Joseph Priestly and Carl Wilhelm Scheele through experiments observing gases produced from substances like red hot manganese oxide.
Matches.pptx1
There are two main types of matches: safety matches and strike-anywhere matches. Safety matches contain potassium chlorate, phosphorus, and sulfur in the head, while strike-anywhere matches additionally contain tetraphosphorus sulfide. When struck, the chemicals in the match head react to produce heat and light through different chemical reactions. Specifically, safety matches react potassium chlorate with antimony sulfide or glass powder, while strike-anywhere matches react potassium chlorate with white or red phosphorus.
Recommended
Chapter 07 impulse and momentum
1) Momentum is defined as the product of an object's mass and velocity. Impulse is the change in momentum caused by a force acting over a time interval.
2) Conservation of momentum states that the total momentum of an isolated system remains constant. During collisions or explosions, the total initial momentum equals the total final momentum.
3) Impulse and momentum are directly related through the equation: Impulse = Change in Momentum. A force acting over a time interval will change an object's momentum by an amount equal to the impulse.
Periodicity
The document discusses the early development of the periodic table by Dmitri Mendeleev in the 1860s. Mendeleev organized the known elements by writing their names and properties on cards and experimenting with different arrangements, noticing that elements eight positions to the left or right had similar properties. This led to Mendeleev developing one of the first recognizable periodic tables, which grouped elements into columns with consistent properties.
The Making of The Carbon Account
This document discusses the design and development of a carbon accounting system called "the carbon account". It summarizes the team involved, technologies used including Django and PostgreSQL, and discusses design decisions around the backend, interface, testing, and deployment. It also outlines some mistakes made and potential future directions for the system.
Lesson 3 Atoms and Isotopes | The Harnessed Atom (2016)
- Atoms are the smallest units of matter and are made up of protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit around the nucleus.
- Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons. The number of protons defines the element.
- The strong nuclear force holds atom nuclei together, and it is the strongest known force in nature. Some isotopes are unstable and can release energy through radioactive decay.
RDAP 15 How data management issues manifest: using concept mapping to discove...
Research Data Access and Preservation Summit, 2015
Minneapolis, MN
April 22-23, 2015
Tina Griffin
Chemical bonding
This document discusses chemical bonding and molecular shapes. It explains that valence electrons are responsible for chemical bonding and can be represented using Lewis dot structures. Atoms can form ionic bonds through the transfer of electrons to become ions. Covalent bonds form through the sharing of electrons between atoms. The number of bonds and valence electron pairs determines the three-dimensional shape of covalent molecules.
4.06 presentation
Oxygen is the 8th element on the periodic table, with an atomic number of 8 and atomic mass of 15.9994. It is commonly found in the atmosphere, oceans, and sun. Oxygen does not burn itself but supports combustion in other substances, making it useful in hospitals to destroy bacteria. Oxygen was discovered in 1774 by Joseph Priestly and Carl Wilhelm Scheele through experiments observing gases produced from substances like red hot manganese oxide.
Matches.pptx1
There are two main types of matches: safety matches and strike-anywhere matches. Safety matches contain potassium chlorate, phosphorus, and sulfur in the head, while strike-anywhere matches additionally contain tetraphosphorus sulfide. When struck, the chemicals in the match head react to produce heat and light through different chemical reactions. Specifically, safety matches react potassium chlorate with antimony sulfide or glass powder, while strike-anywhere matches react potassium chlorate with white or red phosphorus.
Chapter 14 Statics
To determine if an object is in equilibrium, there can be no resultant force or torque. This means the sum of all forces and sum of all torques must equal zero. To analyze equilibrium problems, one draws a free body diagram, chooses an axis of rotation where information is lacking, sums the torques and forces about that axis, setting each sum equal to zero to solve for unknowns. Common examples involve finding tensions in ropes or forces from supports of beams or structures.
PPt form (atom)
Rutherford discovered the structure of the atom through experiments firing alpha particles at gold foil. This led him to conclude that atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense positive charge at the center. Niels Bohr built on this work by introducing the theory that electrons orbit the nucleus in defined shells. Later scientists like J.J. Thomson, John Dalton, and Democritus also made important contributions to the understanding of atomic structure through experiments and theories, though they lacked modern technology. Nuclear power presents issues regarding long-term waste storage, costs, and potential health and environmental risks from radiation.
Ps5 atoms and molecules
All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms of different elements are distinguished by their number of protons. Elements can combine to form compounds, like molecules, which may have very different properties than the individual elements. While atoms are too small to see with regular microscopes, advanced microscopes have revealed that atoms are usually arranged in well-ordered arrays.
IBDP HL bonding
The document discusses molecular geometry and hybridization, explaining that sp3 hybridization results in tetrahedral geometry as seen in methane, sp2 hybridization gives trigonal planar shapes as in ethene, and sp hybridization forms linear geometries as in ethyne. It also outlines how to determine hybridization by counting the number of electron groups around the central atom, and provides examples of the geometry and hybridization of carbon dioxide, methane, and propene.
Molecular geometry
The document discusses molecular geometry and how the shapes of molecules can be predicted using the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model. It defines key terms like bonding pairs, lone pairs, and electron domains. It then provides examples of different molecular shapes like linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral along with example molecules and diagrams.
Refrigeration cycle
The document discusses the ideal and actual vapor-compression refrigeration cycles. The ideal cycle involves reversible processes while the actual cycle accounts for irreversibilities in components. Several refrigerants are discussed for use in refrigeration systems, with factors like ozone depletion and global warming potential considered in selection. Heat pumps are also covered, with air, water, and ground-source systems compared for heating and cooling applications.
Match manufacture - alex
The document discusses the match manufacturing process in India. It begins with the history of matches and their invention in China and Europe. It then discusses how the match industry developed in India, primarily in Southern India, using local wood species. The key steps of the manufacturing process are described, including wood collection and processing, chemical mixing, dipping sticks in the chemicals, drying, boxing, and packing. The major wood species used are yellow mutty, white mutty, and cottonwood. The document also provides statistics on the scale and economics of the match industry in India.
Shapes And Bond Angles Of Simple Organic Compounds
The document discusses the structures and bonding in several simple organic compounds and solid materials. It describes:
1) The hybridization of atomic orbitals that gives rise to the tetrahedral structure of methane (CH4) with sp3 hybrid orbitals on carbon and single C-H sigma bonds.
2) The sp2 hybridization in ethene (C2H4) which forms three sp2 hybrid orbitals for C-H and C-C sigma bonds and a perpendicular p orbital for a pi bond between the carbons in the double bond.
3) The delocalized pi bonding and resonance structures in the hexagonal ring structure of benzene.
microscopy
This document provides an overview of different microscopy techniques, including bright field microscopy, dark field microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and sample preparation methods. Bright field microscopy uses transmitted white light and contrast is created by absorption of light in dense areas of the sample. Dark field microscopy excludes the unscattered light beam, resulting in a dark background around specimens. Confocal microscopy creates sharp images by excluding out-of-focus light. Transmission electron microscopy has much higher resolution than light microscopy due to the shorter wavelength of electrons. Sample preparation for microscopy may involve fixation, staining, sectioning, and mounting.
Development of Periodic Table Timeline
The document describes the discovery timeline of various chemical elements from 1668 to 1952. It notes that elements like carbon, sulfur, iron, tin, lead, copper, mercury, silver and gold were known since ancient times. It then details the year of discovery for additional elements such as phosphorus, cobalt, nickel, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, and more, crediting the discovering scientists. The timeline shows most elements were discovered in the 18th-19th centuries by chemists from various European countries through experiments and analysis of minerals.
4 elements experiments with plants
The document describes an experiment conducted by students to grow beans and cabbage seeds in different environments. The students observed the plants over time, noting how the beans and plants grew on cups with sponges and directly in soil. They measured the heights of the plants and observed roots and leaves. By the end of the experiment, the plants grown without water had died while those in the garden with water, sun, air and soil remained alive.
The Shapes Of Molecules
This document discusses molecular shapes and Lewis structures. It begins by introducing Lewis structures and how to draw them for different types of molecules. It then discusses valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, which is used to predict molecular geometry from electron pair arrangements. Several examples are provided of applying VSEPR theory to determine molecular shapes. Bond energies are also introduced and used to calculate enthalpy changes in chemical reactions.
Carbon chemistry
The document provides instructions for laboratory experiments and activities related to carbon chemistry and organic chemistry. In carbon chemistry, students will make models of carbon allotropes, describe the greenhouse effect, prepare carbon dioxide in the laboratory, and describe the carbon cycle. In organic chemistry, students will name and draw alkanes, explain trends in alkane melting and boiling points, describe fractional distillation of alkanes, and write combustion equations. Additional experiments include drawing and naming alkenes and writing polymerization equations.
Regrigeratio cycle
What is first law of Thermodynamics?
What is a Thermodynamic cycle?
Types of Thermodynamic cycles
What is a Refrigeration Cycle?
Types of Refrigeration cycles
What is a Refrigeration System?
Principle of working of a Refrigeration System
Other Refrigeration systems
Sustainability & Environmental Problems
The document discusses several environmental problems facing the world today such as climate change, overpopulation, overconsumption of resources, and habitat destruction. It also examines the principles of sustainability, including reliance on solar energy, biodiversity, population control, and nutrient cycling. Additionally, it questions whether humanity is living sustainably and if technology can solve issues related to resources, population growth, and pollution.
ES: Ecosystems, Cod, Fish ID
The document discusses environmental science topics like ecosystems and fish identification. It asks questions about the Sentinel Fishery program in a Canadian province, the European group that first fished for cod in North America and their home country. The document also includes images and questions to identify different fish species.
Human Population Dynamics
The document discusses human population dynamics and provides the following key points:
- The current global population is approximately 6.6 billion and is projected to grow to 9.2 billion by 2050, with much of this growth occurring in India and China.
- There are differing positions on population issues, ranging from concerns about overpopulation and environmental degradation to beliefs that human ingenuity can overcome resource constraints.
- Factors influencing population growth include birth rates, death rates, resource availability, education, urbanization, and government policies. Many countries are now experiencing aging populations with low birth rates.
Advanced Studies in Environmental Science
This course on advanced environmental science involves information and discussion, think-pair-square-share activities, field work, video and readings. Assignments include high-value reading, short papers, oral presentations, quizzes and an exam. Students will learn about global environmental issues and ecology and biodiversity through speakers, field trips and an environmental thesis. The course encourages engagement throughout the year on key topics while allowing students freedom to focus on certain areas.
Fish Species Roster of Noxontown Pond
This document lists fish species found in Noxontown Pond, including Gizzard Shad, White Crappie, White Perch, and Sunfish. It also lists adaptations that allow fish such as osmoregulation between fresh and saltwater, anadromous and catadromous life cycles, gas bladders, and lateral lines.
Ozone Layer Depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion caused by CFCs and other chemicals. It provides background on the ozone layer's importance for life on Earth and describes how scientists in the 1970s discovered that CFCs were depleting the ozone layer. The Montreal Protocol of 1987 was successful in phasing out CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances to repair the ozone layer by 2050.
Wetland Ecosystems
The document discusses different types of wetland ecosystems, including marine/saltwater wetlands and freshwater wetlands. It describes key characteristics of different wetland types such as marshes, swamps, and bogs, including dominant vegetation, hydrology, and examples from locations in Delaware and Maine. The document also briefly discusses mangrove forests and questions to consider about the importance of wetlands.
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Chapter 14 Statics
To determine if an object is in equilibrium, there can be no resultant force or torque. This means the sum of all forces and sum of all torques must equal zero. To analyze equilibrium problems, one draws a free body diagram, chooses an axis of rotation where information is lacking, sums the torques and forces about that axis, setting each sum equal to zero to solve for unknowns. Common examples involve finding tensions in ropes or forces from supports of beams or structures.
PPt form (atom)
Rutherford discovered the structure of the atom through experiments firing alpha particles at gold foil. This led him to conclude that atoms are mostly empty space with a small, dense positive charge at the center. Niels Bohr built on this work by introducing the theory that electrons orbit the nucleus in defined shells. Later scientists like J.J. Thomson, John Dalton, and Democritus also made important contributions to the understanding of atomic structure through experiments and theories, though they lacked modern technology. Nuclear power presents issues regarding long-term waste storage, costs, and potential health and environmental risks from radiation.
Ps5 atoms and molecules
All matter is made of tiny particles called atoms. Atoms contain protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atoms of different elements are distinguished by their number of protons. Elements can combine to form compounds, like molecules, which may have very different properties than the individual elements. While atoms are too small to see with regular microscopes, advanced microscopes have revealed that atoms are usually arranged in well-ordered arrays.
IBDP HL bonding
The document discusses molecular geometry and hybridization, explaining that sp3 hybridization results in tetrahedral geometry as seen in methane, sp2 hybridization gives trigonal planar shapes as in ethene, and sp hybridization forms linear geometries as in ethyne. It also outlines how to determine hybridization by counting the number of electron groups around the central atom, and provides examples of the geometry and hybridization of carbon dioxide, methane, and propene.
Molecular geometry
The document discusses molecular geometry and how the shapes of molecules can be predicted using the valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) model. It defines key terms like bonding pairs, lone pairs, and electron domains. It then provides examples of different molecular shapes like linear, trigonal planar, tetrahedral, and octahedral along with example molecules and diagrams.
Refrigeration cycle
The document discusses the ideal and actual vapor-compression refrigeration cycles. The ideal cycle involves reversible processes while the actual cycle accounts for irreversibilities in components. Several refrigerants are discussed for use in refrigeration systems, with factors like ozone depletion and global warming potential considered in selection. Heat pumps are also covered, with air, water, and ground-source systems compared for heating and cooling applications.
Match manufacture - alex
The document discusses the match manufacturing process in India. It begins with the history of matches and their invention in China and Europe. It then discusses how the match industry developed in India, primarily in Southern India, using local wood species. The key steps of the manufacturing process are described, including wood collection and processing, chemical mixing, dipping sticks in the chemicals, drying, boxing, and packing. The major wood species used are yellow mutty, white mutty, and cottonwood. The document also provides statistics on the scale and economics of the match industry in India.
Shapes And Bond Angles Of Simple Organic Compounds
The document discusses the structures and bonding in several simple organic compounds and solid materials. It describes:
1) The hybridization of atomic orbitals that gives rise to the tetrahedral structure of methane (CH4) with sp3 hybrid orbitals on carbon and single C-H sigma bonds.
2) The sp2 hybridization in ethene (C2H4) which forms three sp2 hybrid orbitals for C-H and C-C sigma bonds and a perpendicular p orbital for a pi bond between the carbons in the double bond.
3) The delocalized pi bonding and resonance structures in the hexagonal ring structure of benzene.
microscopy
This document provides an overview of different microscopy techniques, including bright field microscopy, dark field microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and sample preparation methods. Bright field microscopy uses transmitted white light and contrast is created by absorption of light in dense areas of the sample. Dark field microscopy excludes the unscattered light beam, resulting in a dark background around specimens. Confocal microscopy creates sharp images by excluding out-of-focus light. Transmission electron microscopy has much higher resolution than light microscopy due to the shorter wavelength of electrons. Sample preparation for microscopy may involve fixation, staining, sectioning, and mounting.
Development of Periodic Table Timeline
The document describes the discovery timeline of various chemical elements from 1668 to 1952. It notes that elements like carbon, sulfur, iron, tin, lead, copper, mercury, silver and gold were known since ancient times. It then details the year of discovery for additional elements such as phosphorus, cobalt, nickel, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, chlorine, and more, crediting the discovering scientists. The timeline shows most elements were discovered in the 18th-19th centuries by chemists from various European countries through experiments and analysis of minerals.
4 elements experiments with plants
The document describes an experiment conducted by students to grow beans and cabbage seeds in different environments. The students observed the plants over time, noting how the beans and plants grew on cups with sponges and directly in soil. They measured the heights of the plants and observed roots and leaves. By the end of the experiment, the plants grown without water had died while those in the garden with water, sun, air and soil remained alive.
The Shapes Of Molecules
This document discusses molecular shapes and Lewis structures. It begins by introducing Lewis structures and how to draw them for different types of molecules. It then discusses valence shell electron pair repulsion (VSEPR) theory, which is used to predict molecular geometry from electron pair arrangements. Several examples are provided of applying VSEPR theory to determine molecular shapes. Bond energies are also introduced and used to calculate enthalpy changes in chemical reactions.
Carbon chemistry
The document provides instructions for laboratory experiments and activities related to carbon chemistry and organic chemistry. In carbon chemistry, students will make models of carbon allotropes, describe the greenhouse effect, prepare carbon dioxide in the laboratory, and describe the carbon cycle. In organic chemistry, students will name and draw alkanes, explain trends in alkane melting and boiling points, describe fractional distillation of alkanes, and write combustion equations. Additional experiments include drawing and naming alkenes and writing polymerization equations.
Regrigeratio cycle
What is first law of Thermodynamics?
What is a Thermodynamic cycle?
Types of Thermodynamic cycles
What is a Refrigeration Cycle?
Types of Refrigeration cycles
What is a Refrigeration System?
Principle of working of a Refrigeration System
Other Refrigeration systems
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Shapes And Bond Angles Of Simple Organic Compounds
Shapes And Bond Angles Of Simple Organic Compounds
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Sustainability & Environmental Problems
The document discusses several environmental problems facing the world today such as climate change, overpopulation, overconsumption of resources, and habitat destruction. It also examines the principles of sustainability, including reliance on solar energy, biodiversity, population control, and nutrient cycling. Additionally, it questions whether humanity is living sustainably and if technology can solve issues related to resources, population growth, and pollution.
ES: Ecosystems, Cod, Fish ID
The document discusses environmental science topics like ecosystems and fish identification. It asks questions about the Sentinel Fishery program in a Canadian province, the European group that first fished for cod in North America and their home country. The document also includes images and questions to identify different fish species.
Human Population Dynamics
The document discusses human population dynamics and provides the following key points:
- The current global population is approximately 6.6 billion and is projected to grow to 9.2 billion by 2050, with much of this growth occurring in India and China.
- There are differing positions on population issues, ranging from concerns about overpopulation and environmental degradation to beliefs that human ingenuity can overcome resource constraints.
- Factors influencing population growth include birth rates, death rates, resource availability, education, urbanization, and government policies. Many countries are now experiencing aging populations with low birth rates.
Advanced Studies in Environmental Science
This course on advanced environmental science involves information and discussion, think-pair-square-share activities, field work, video and readings. Assignments include high-value reading, short papers, oral presentations, quizzes and an exam. Students will learn about global environmental issues and ecology and biodiversity through speakers, field trips and an environmental thesis. The course encourages engagement throughout the year on key topics while allowing students freedom to focus on certain areas.
Fish Species Roster of Noxontown Pond
This document lists fish species found in Noxontown Pond, including Gizzard Shad, White Crappie, White Perch, and Sunfish. It also lists adaptations that allow fish such as osmoregulation between fresh and saltwater, anadromous and catadromous life cycles, gas bladders, and lateral lines.
Ozone Layer Depletion
The document discusses ozone layer depletion caused by CFCs and other chemicals. It provides background on the ozone layer's importance for life on Earth and describes how scientists in the 1970s discovered that CFCs were depleting the ozone layer. The Montreal Protocol of 1987 was successful in phasing out CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances to repair the ozone layer by 2050.
Wetland Ecosystems
The document discusses different types of wetland ecosystems, including marine/saltwater wetlands and freshwater wetlands. It describes key characteristics of different wetland types such as marshes, swamps, and bogs, including dominant vegetation, hydrology, and examples from locations in Delaware and Maine. The document also briefly discusses mangrove forests and questions to consider about the importance of wetlands.
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Birds of Noxontown Pond
The document discusses different types of birds found at Noxontown Pond, grouping them into categories such as airborne birds including kingfishers, bald eagles, and ospreys, waiting waders like common terns, night herons, egrets, blue herons, and bitterns, patient probers including ibises and sandpipers, and deadly divers such as buffleheads, cormorants, and mergansers.
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- There are differing positions on population issues, ranging from concerns about overpopulation and environmental degradation to beliefs that human ingenuity can overcome resource constraints.
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